Synthesis and application of alkyl-substituted high chroma yellow dyes for unmodified polypropylene fiber

A series of new monoazo yellow dyes having different alkyl substituents was synthesized to dye unmodified polypropylene fiber. Color hue of the dyes exhibited light yellow with very high chroma enough to use as yellow primary color dyes. The affinity of the dyes onto unmodified polypropylene was increased with the increase of the length of alkyl substituents. Therefore, the hexyl-substituted dye having the longest alkyl group in this experiment showed very high color strength of dyeings with K/S value of over 26 at maximum absorption wavelength. The color fastnesses to washing, rubbing and light were also improved significantly for the longer alkyl substituted dyes, so that the hexyl-substituted dye exhibited a rating higher than 4∼5 for all kinds of fastnesses.     

Synthesis and application of alkyl-substituted red dyes for unmodified polypropylene fibers

Following the previous studies regarding blue and yellow dyes, a series of new red dyes having different length of alkyl substituents on the same chromophore were synthesized in order to dye unmodified polypropylene fiber. The affinity of the dyes onto unmodified polypropylene fiber was increased with the increase of the length of alkyl substituents. Therefore, the longest hexyl-substituted dye showed very deep shade of dyeing with K/S value of around 30 at maximum absorption wavelength. Within the range below 2 % o.w.f., the exhaustion (%) showed more than 80 %. The color fastnesses to washing, rubbing, and light of the dyeings were also improved greater for the dyes having longer alkyl substituents than the shorter ones. Since color hue of the dyes exhibited very strong red, they could be considered to be used as the primary red color dyes for unmodified polypropylene fibers.     

Synthesis of hydrophobic anthraquinoid magenta dyes having linear alkyl substituents

A new series of magenta dyes having different length of alkyl substituents was synthesized to dye unmodified polypropylene (PP) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber. It could be concluded that the affinity of the dyes onto unmodified PP and UHMWPE fibers was increased with the increase of the length of alkyl substituents. The optimum length of alkyl group was determined as the longest dodecyl-substituted dye in this study. Their absorption spectra appeared almost the same at visible range, which meant that the length of alkyl substituents did not affect the color appearance of the dyes. The color fastness properties of the dyeings to washing, rubbing and light were good enough for commercialization.     

Synthesis and spectral properties of phthalimide based alkali-clearable azo disperse dyes

The synthesis of a series of phthalimide based azo disperse dyes and their spectral properties were investigated. The azo dyes containing phthalimide and N-methyl phthalimide structure in diazo component were synthesized in order to compare their spectral properties. The synthesized dyes developed the color of yellow to violet and the N-substitution of the phthalimide gave a bathochromic effect on the color change. Most of the synthesized dyes exhibit negative solvatochromism so that the absorption band of dyes moves toward shorter wavelengths as the polarity of the solvent increases. In the case of halochromic effect, the bathochromic shift decreased steadily with the general electron donating capacity of the substituents in the coupling component, and became negative especially when more powerful electron donating groups are present in the coupling components ring.     

Synthesis and application of alkyl-substituted disazo yellow dyes for unmodified polypropylene fiber

The several disazo dyes having different alkyl substituents were synthesized to dye unmodified polypropylene fiber. The affinity of the dyes onto unmodified polypropylene was increased with the increase of the length of alkyl substituents. Therefore, the heptyl-substituted dye having the longest alkyl group in this experiment showed very high color strength of dyeings with K/S value of over 24 at maximum absorption wavelength. The color fastnesses to washing, rubbing and light were also improved significantly for the longer alkyl substituted dyes, so that the heptyl-substituted dye exhibited a rating of 4∼5 for all kinds of fastnesses.     

麦绿素及麦绿素产品的开发前景

麦绿素及其制品是以小麦、大麦的嫩茎叶为主料，辅之以麦芽、糊精、明效等加工而成的营养保健品，因其富含蛋白质、维生素、微量元素以及大量对人体有益的酶，目前已风靡北美、欧洲 、澳大利亚、东南亚等国家和地区，我国的浙江、深圳、哈尔滨等地也已创办了生产这类产品的合资或独资企业。开发麦绿素产品，经济效益可观，生产技术也不太复杂，有广阔的开发前景。     

Synthesis and optical/chemical properties of triphenylamine derivatives based mono-, di-, and tri-indanedione

In this contribution, three triphenylamine derivatives were synthesized and their spectral properties were investigated. Knoevenagel condensation of mono-, di-, and tri-aldehydes of triphenylamine with 1,3-indanedione yields D-π-A type dyes with push-pull chromophores. The absorption and luminescence properties of the dyes were discussed in terms of their electronic structures. The results of molecular orbital computer simulations, based on Material Studio, were found to provide a reasonable explanation for the observed spectral properties related to the push-pull features causing dramatic changes in UV-Vis absorption as well as in photoluminescence.     

Polymeric dyes based on thiadiazole derivatives

A series of polymeric dyes were synthesized by free radical addition polymerization of monomeric dyes. The 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was diazotized and coupled with various N-arylmaleimides to give monomeric dyes. All the polymeric dyes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, visible absorption spectroscopy, viscometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Color and dyeing properties of the polymeric dyes were discussed by comparing them with those of the corresponding monomeric dyes. The dyeing performance of these dyes was assessed on nylon fiber. These dyes were found to give various color shades with good to very good depth and levelness on the fiber. The dyeing of the monomeric dyes showed moderate fastness to light and good to excellent fastness to washing, perspiration and sublimation and their corresponding polymeric dyes showed excellent fastness properties. The dyebath exhaustion and fixation on nylon fiber has been found to be good.     

Synthesis and spectral characterization of novel azomethine disperse dyes derived from pyrazolone moiety and their dyeing performance on polyester fabrics

A series of new azomethine dyes based on pyrazolone system have been synthesized via different routes. The solvatochromism for the dyes was evaluated with respect to spectroscopic properties in various solvents. The dyes were applied as disperse dyes on polyester fabrics and gave shade poor to excellent light fastness, washing, perspiration, sublimation, and rubbing fastness properties. Also the position of color in CIELAB coordinates (L*, a*, b*) and K/S value were investigated.     

Azo Acid Dyes Based on 2H-Pyrido[1,2-a]Pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-Dione with Good Tinctorial Power and Wetfastness - Synthesis,Photophysical Properties,and Dyeing Studies

A series of five azo acid dyes were synthesized using different diazotized aromatic amine sulfonic and carboxylic acids followed by coupling with 2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-dione. The dyes were characterized by ¹H-NMR, ¹³CNMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis. They were applied on nylon, silk, and wool. Their fastness properties were evaluated and color on the fabric was assessed. Yellow, brown, and crimson dyeings with good fastness properties were obtained. The dyes are water soluble and showed absorption from 380 nm to 550 nm. Acid dyes from diazo component 4- aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (naphthionic acid) and 4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid (H-Acid) were found to be more red shifted as compared to the other dyes. More red shifted absorption maximum was observed in acidic pH than in alkaline pH. The trends in vertical excitations obtained from Time Dependent Density Functional Theory calculations are in good agreement with the experimental absorptions.     

Novel cationic softener containing MCT reactive dyes for cotton: Synthesis and characterization

Two novel cationic softener containing mono-s-chloro triazinyl reactive dyes together with their analogues were designed. The dyes were synthesized via reacting an N,N-dimethyldodecylamine with p-nitrobenzyl bromide. The resultant was reduced using stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid to produce the primary amine. The quaternary ammonium salt containing primary amine was then diazotized to produce diazonium salt part of azo dye. The diazonium salt was then coupled to H-acid/J-acid reacted with cyanuric chloride and sulfanilic acid. The analogue dyes were prepared via the same route without quaternary ammonium salt making stage. The chemical structures of the novel dyes were characterized by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, and elemental analysis. The spectroscopic properties of the dyes were determined in terms of λ _max and ? _max in aqueous solution.     

Synthesis,characterization, and properties of ethoxylated azo dyes

The nonionic surfactant properties of ethoxylated azo dyes, such as cloud point and surface tension have been investigated. The synthesized ethoxylated azo dyes could dye polyester fabric without any special pre-treatment. When the average number of ethylene oxide (EO) in the ethoxylated azo dye reached 6, its fixation could exceed 90% from the thermosol dyeing process. The average degree of condensation of ethylene glycol in the chain was interrelated with the dyeing results and did not affect on the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) of the polyoxyethylene dye. When the average length of polyoxyethylene chain decreased, the molecular weight of dyes became smaller and the fixation of dyes was improved.     

Colorimetric studies of benzoquinoline based hot brand monoazo reactive dyes and their dyeing performance on various fibers

A series of hot brand monoazo reactive dyes (9a-l) were obtained by the coupling of diazotized 1Hbenzo[ g]pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline-3-ylamine (5) with various cyanurated coupling components (8a-l) in good yield. Synthesized dyes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Their dyeing performances as reactive dyes have been assessed on silk, wool, and cotton fabrics. The percentage dye bath exhaustion and fixation on different fibers were found to be very good. The dyed fabric showed moderate to very good light fastness and good to excellent washing and rubbing fastness properties. Spectral properties and colorimetric data of synthesized dyes have also been studied in detail.     

Dyeing and fastness properties of vat dyes on meta-aramid woven fabric

meta-Aramid fibers have an excellent heat-resistant property and are widely used for protective clothings such as fire-fighter suit and racing suit. They can also be used as military uniforms such as flight suit or army uniform. Vat dyes are specially used for military uniforms owing to outstanding fastness properties, earth tone shade, and near infrared (NIR) camouflage. In this study, 100 % meta-aramid woven fabric was dyed with three vat dyes using an exhaustion method and their dyeing and fastness properties were investigated. Color yields of the vat dyes on the meta-aramid fabric were found to be dependent upon dyeing temperature, liquor ratio, amount of reducing agent, and amount of salt. Dyeing behavior of the vat dye on the meta-aramid fiber was very similar to that on cellulose fibers. It was found that the meta-aramid fabric dyed with 1% owf of C.I. Vat Green 1 satisfied the tolerance of the reflectance spectrum of forest green color in the Korean military standard. Thermal stability and mechanical property of the meta-aramid fabric did not significantly affected by the vat dyeing process. Wash and perspiration fastness was generally good but rubbing and light fastness was unsatisfied.     

Synthesis and application of phthalimide disperse dyes

Three azo dyes had been synthesized using N-propyl substituted, dibromo-substituted and dicyano-substituted phthalimides as diazo components. All of the synthesized intermediates and dyes have been characterized by MS, 1H-NMR and IR analyses. The dyeing behaviour and fastness properties of these dyes had been investigated. The absorption maxima of the dyes were observed in the range 360 to 700 nm. The results indicated that dyes caused hypsochromism effect after -Br substitution and dyes caused bathochromism effect after -CN substitution. IR spectra of hydrolyzed dye showed that C=O groups appeared under relatively mild alkaline conditions. Compared with electron density, steric hindrance effect is an more important influence factor than electron density in hydrolysis reaction process. Exhaustion of dyed polyester/elastane fabrics decreased obviously as the pH value increased. In order to ensure dyeing levelness, heating rate of prepared dyes will be strictly controlled. Due to alkali-clearable property and interaction energy of dye-fiber and dye-dye, the dyes have good colorfastness.     

Light fast monoazo dyes with an inbuilt photostabilizing unit: Synthesis and computational studies

A series of monoazo disperse dyes with a photostablilizing o-hydroxycarbonyl moiety was incorporated resulted in the enhancement of the light fastness properties on polyester and nylon substrates as compared to the dyes that do not possess the photostablilizing moiety. The geometries of the azo and the hydrazone tautomeric forms of all dyes were optimized at B3LYP/6-311+G(d) and electrophilicity index was calculated for propensity of the moiety to absorb electrons. The values of absorption and stability trend of the dyes were in good agreement with the trend of experimental light fastness values. These disperse dyes possess excellent wash fastness and moderate to good sublimation fastness on hydrophobic substrates.     

Synthesis and application of novel high light fastness red dyes for ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibers

A new series of anthraquinoid red dyes were synthesized with 1-amino-2-bromo-4-hydroxyanthraquinone and nalkylphenols to dye UHMWPE fibers with high light fastness. Their dyeability was examined depending on the length of alkyl chains. As the length of alkyl substituents increases, the dyeability toward UHMWPE fibers improves rapidly from methyl to ethyl substituents and maintains almost same level of color strength, and then decreases from heptyl to octyl groups. The color strength of dyeings increased dramatically with the increase of dyeing temperature from 100 °C to 130 °C. The maximum build-up was shown at around 5 % owf dye amount. From the dyeing rate, equilibrium dyeing was achieved at around 5 h at 130 °C. All kinds of fastnesses were good enough showing higher than ratings 4-5 to washing and rubbing for the longer alkyl substituents. Especially, much improvement was achieved in light fastness showing ratings 4, which was higher than ratings 2 of the previous study.     

Dyeing performance of disperse dyes based on 2-aminothiazole for cellulose triacetate and nylon fibers

A series of monoazo disperse dyes based on 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole was prepared using variousN,N-dialkylaniline derivatives as the coupling component. The dyes were characterized by IR spectral studies, visible absorption spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The dyeing performance of these dyes was assessed on cellulose triacetate and nylon fibers. These dyes were found to give a wide range of colour shades varying from bright red to royal blue with very good depth, brightness and levelness on fibers. The dyed fibers showed good to very good light fastness and very good to excellent fastness to washing, perspiration, rubbing and sublimation. The dyebath exhaustion and fixation on the fibers were found to be very good.     

改性绿茶去除水中碱性品红的研究

以改性绿茶为吸附材料,探索了改性剂、改性剂浓度、染料的初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附温度等因素对改性绿茶吸附碱性品红,的影响,确定了改性绿茶最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明,绿茶经改性剂改性选出最佳改性剂为环氧氯丙烷,最佳改性剂浓度为0.015 mol·L~(-1),碱性品红初始质量浓度为20 mg·L~(-1)时吸附量最大,最佳吸附温度为30℃,吸附时间240 min为最好,最大吸附量为53.6 mg·g~(-1)。在描述改性绿茶对碱性品红吸附的动力学行为上,准一级动力学曲线更好;在等温吸附方面,改性绿茶对碱性品红的吸附行为非常符合Langmuir模型,改性绿茶对碱性品红的吸附为单分子层吸附。     

Dyeing, color fastness and antimicrobial properties of some mono and disazo disperse dyes derived from thiazole moiety

Three series of mono and disazo disperse dyes were synthesized from 2-amino-4-(pyridin-3-yl) thiazole. The structure of the synthesized dyes was confirmed by elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible, infrared, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. The dyeing parameters, perspiration, wash and light fastness of eighteen azo disperse dyes on polyester have been investigated. Application of these dyes on polyester fabric gave yellow to reddish hues for mono azo derivatives and reddish to dark brown hues for disazo derivatives with fair to moderate light fastness and moderate to good wash and perspiration fastness grade. In addition, the synthesized dyes were screened for their antimicrobial activities against some gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungi. Some of the prepared dyes gave excellent results against most of the tested organisms.