蛋鸡日粮中添加饼粕发酵蛋白取代鱼粉

由于鱼粉价格较高,加大了蛋鸡的饲养成本。为此,在利用饼粕发酵蛋白取代豆饼饲喂蛋鸡成功的基础上,进行了取代鱼粉效果试验。1观察方法1.1饼粕发酵蛋白河南省滑县道口油厂提供,由70%棉仁饼和30%的菜籽饼经发酵而成。经测定,样品中游离棉酚含量为170mg/kg(未脱毒棉仁饼游离棉酚为600mg/kg),脱毒率为71.6%。其主要营养成份为:蛋白质40.13%、粗脂肪2.88%、粗纤维10.48%、钙0.315%、总磷1.02%、蛋氨酸0.48%、赖氨酸1.42%。1.2试验动物用42周龄罗曼商品蛋鸡236只,随机分成对照组和试验组,各118只。1.3饲料配方和营养水平根据罗曼蛋鸡试验阶段对营…     

混合饼粕添加氨基酸替代鱼粉的研究

目前,作为畜禽日粮中动物性蛋白质来源的鱼粉十分短缺,据报道,全世界鱼粉年生产量约3000万吨,只能满足需要量的10%。因此,研究鱼粉的替代物已成为当务之急。现在,豆饼添加蛋氨酸全部替代鱼粉的研究已获得较好效果,但是,用几种掺合饼粕添加氨基酸取代全部鱼粉的研究,国内报道较少。为此,我们于1988年4月至1988年6月在我公司试验鸡舍进行了以混合饼粕补加限制性氨基酸作为蛋鸡无鱼粉日粮蛋白源的可行性试验,现将结果报告如下:     

脱毒菜籽饼对鸡饲养效果的评价——Ⅱ.代谢能与氨基酸消化率的测定

在京黄肉鸡和京白蛋鸡上应用 Sibbald“鸡真代谢能”快速测定法,测定了脱毒菜籽饼,菜籽饼、豆饼和鱼粉的表观代谢能含量和氨基酸的消化率。试验结果表明:(1)酸法脱毒工艺生产的脱毒菜籽饼与原菜籽饼的表观代谢能含量相近,分别为8.91和9.41MJ/kg(蛋鸡);(2)在13种饲料氨基酸中,脱毒菜籽饼和菜籽饼低于鱼粉和豆饼,各占21.65%,20.41%;(3)脱毒菜籽饼在蛋鸡体内氨基酸的平均消化率为87.73%,比鱼粉或豆饼中氨基酸的平均消化率仅低4.25%或2.36%,但比原菜籽饼高15.32%,说明脱毒工艺提高了菜籽饼中氨基酸的消化率。试验证明,用脱毒菜籽饼代替鸡饲粮中的豆饼是可行的。同时,还测得肉鸡对饲料中能量的利用和氨基酸的消化率高于蛋鸡,用四种蛋白质饲料饲喂京黄肉鸡的 AME 值平均比京白蛋鸡高3.74%,氨基酸的消化率京黄肉鸡比京白蛋鸡高5.79%。     

鱼类饲用蛋白的开发和利用

<正> 目前世界上鱼类饲用蛋白的主要来源虽然仍然是鱼粉,但是由于近年来鱼粉生产状况不稳定,价格迅速上涨,造成了鱼粉供应紧张的局面。为此,世界各国纷纷研究和开发新的饲料蛋白源,以此取代鱼粉或至少将它的使用量减少到最小限度。一、大力发展植物性高蛋白饲料的生产(一) 饼粕类蛋白饲料1.大豆饼粕在植物蛋白饲料中,大豆饼粕的蛋白质价值最高,粗蛋白含量高达40%～55%,并含有鱼类所需的大部分氨基酸(缺乏蛋氨酸),     

棉籽粕引起雏鸡中毒死亡

近来有些养殖户,在饲料成本上大动脑筋.降低饲料中优质蛋白用量,将鱼粉豆饼换成杂饼粕.部分养殖户(场)甚至将棉籽粕用量加到20%以上.     

发酵蛋白饲料的应用

发酵蛋白饲料的应用潘学杰目前，我国的人均配合饲料量达４０公斤，而世界人均水平是１５０公斤，如此巨大的差距，突出的制约因素是蛋白资源的不足。我国目前每年所产的三百多万吨豆饼、二百多万吨花生等饼粕已不能满足需求，还要花巨额外汇进口鱼粉等来补充。而棉、菜籽...     

无鱼粉日粮饲养蛋鸡试验

本试验选用豆饼添加蛋氨酸为日粮组成的试验组与以5%进口鱼粉配比日粮组成的对照组,在日粮营养成份一致条件下,进行饲养蛋鸡试验。试验从21～43周龄,通过160天,即产蛋鸡达300日龄时结束。试验表明,试验组与对照组在产蛋量、蛋重和饲料报酬等主要生产指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。其试验结果:饲养日产蛋量试验组为108.9枚;对照组为111.94枚;平均蛋重试验组为55.29克,对照组为56.15克;300日龄蛋总重试验组为6.03公斤,对照组为6.29公斤;料蛋比试验组为2.64,对照组为2.41。因此,在当前鱼粉紧缺、价高的情况下,利用豆饼添加蛋氨酸替代鱼粉可在蛋鸡生产中推广应用,同时无鱼粉日粮能降低饲料成本,提高经济效益,具有实用价值。     

豆粕和发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹摄食生长的影响

以初始平均体重为(112.21±0.73)g的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus)为研究对象,进行为期70d的摄食生长试验,研究不同添加水平的发酵豆粕和不发酵豆粕对卵形鲳鲹摄食生长的影响。试验共配制8种等氮等能的饲料,其中以全鱼粉饲料为对照组(饲料1);豆粕取代饲料主要以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,其中,发酵豆粕分别替代17.6%、31.4%、45.1%和60.8%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料2～5),普通豆粕蛋白分别替代17.6%、31.4%和45.1%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料6～8)。结果表明,饲料中不同水平的豆粕替代量对卵形鲳鲹的成活率和摄食无显著影响(P0.05),但当豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白达到45.1%时,会显著降低卵形鲳鲹的特定生长率、饲料转化率和蛋白质效率(P0.05)。饲料中用发酵豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白达到60.8%时,也显著降低卵形鲳鲹的增重率、饲料利用率(P0.05)。但是与豆粕替代组相比,在45.1%的鱼粉蛋白替代水平下,发酵豆粕组的增重率和饲料利用率显著高于普通豆粕替代组(P0.05)。     

提高蛋鸡产蛋率的饲料科学配方

正蛋鸡20周龄左右进入产蛋期,为了提高产蛋率,可根据具体情况选取适宜的饲料配方。1)21~36周龄蛋鸡饲料配方:玉米45%,高粱15%,麸皮7%,豆饼18%,鱼粉7%,骨粉0.5%,贝粉7.5%。2)36周龄以后蛋鸡饲料配方:玉米40.5%,高粱15%,麸皮10%,豆饼12%,稻糠7%,鱼粉7%,骨粉0.5%,贝粉8%。     

棉籽粕引起雏鸡死亡病例

近几年,由于鸡蛋价格偏低,致使整个养鸡行业状况不景气.由此,一些养殖户(场)在饲料成本上大动脑筋.降低饲料中优质蛋白的用量,将鱼粉豆饼换成杂饼粕.部分养殖户(场)甚至将棉籽粕用量加到20%以上.……     

菜籽粕对蛋鸡生产性能与屠宰性能的影响

选择756羽开产50周左右的罗曼蛋鸡,随机均分7组,对照组使用船牌公司配合饲料,试验1～6组分别添加7.5%、8.0%、8.5%、9.0%、9.5%和10.0%的双低菜籽粕,进行饲养试验与生长测定,探索改善蛋鸡生产性能与蛋品质含量的双低菜籽饼(粕)最佳使用量,为充分利用贵州省丰富的菜籽饼(粕)资源奠定基础。结果显示,日粮中添加10%以下的双低菜籽粕对蛋鸡的采食、生长性能、蛋的性状均无不良影响,反而会提高蛋鸡的产蛋率,增加蛋重、降低料蛋比,其中试验4组的料蛋比(2.30)最低,平均日采食量也较低,平均蛋重较重,产蛋率也偏高。研究表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加9.0%双低菜籽粕对提高蛋鸡生长性能与产蛋性能具有良好效果。     

柱花草粉对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

 选取健康35周龄海兰褐蛋鸡450只,随机分为5组,每组90只。分别在饲粮中添加0%、2%、4%、6%、8%的柱花草粉,进行饲养试验,试验期90 d。在试验期间测定不同比例的柱花草粉对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。试验结果表明,4个添加不同比例柱花草粉的试验组蛋鸡的生产性能均显著高于没有添加柱花草粉的对照组;添加6%柱花草粉效果最佳,较对照组产蛋率平均增加15.75%,蛋重平均增加1.71%,料蛋比降低5.51%,死淘率降低10%,对蛋形指数、蛋黄相对重、蛋壳相对重、哈夫单位值均无显著影响。     

无鱼粉日粮在蛋鸡生产中的应用研究

利用酵母和葵花粕代替日粮中的鱼粉组成无鱼粉日粮,以无鱼粉日粮和有鱼粉日粮对蛋鸡进行试验,结果为:饲喂无鱼粉日粮的试验组和饲喂鱼粉日粮对照组的产蛋率分别为67.96%和65.01%,差异不显著(P>0.05);只平均产蛋量为44.73g和42.41g,差异显著(P<0.05);平均蛋重为65.83g和62.29g,差异不显著(P>0.05);死亡率分别为1.69%和2.10%,差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组比对照组每生产1kg蛋饲养成本降低1.9%。因此无鱼粉日粮可代替鱼粉日粮在蛋鸡生产上应用。     

Yeast Culture Supplementation to Laying Hen Diets Containing Soybean Meal or Sunflower Seed Meal and Its Effect on Performance,Egg Quality Traits,and Blood Chemistry

This study was designed to investigate the effects of yeast culture supplementation to laying hen diets containing 2 oilseed meals on performance, egg traits, and some blood parameters. A total of 180 Lohmann Brown laying hens 21 wk of age were allocated to 4 dietary treatments and fed for 16 wk. Two different basal diets were prepared; one contained soybean meal and the other contained sunflower seed meal. Both of the basal diets were supplemented with 0 and 2 g/kg commercial yeast culture product (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Yeast culture supplementation to diets containing either oilseed meal did not significantly affect feed intake, hen-day egg production, feed efficiency, interior and exterior egg quality characteristics, serum levels of total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Body weight gain (P < 0.05), egg weight (P < 0.001), and serum uric acid (P < 0.05) were increased with yeast culture supplementation. The reduction in egg yolk cholesterol was significant (P < 0.001) in the groups fed yeast-supplemented diets. The results in this study demonstrated that yeast culture supplementation to the diets containing soybean meal or sunflower seed meal increased egg weight and decreased egg yolk cholesterol without affecting performance and egg traits, but serum uric acid concentration was increased.     

Mussel meal as a replacement for fish meal in feeds for organic poultry – a pilot short-term study

Abstract

A trial was performed to evaluate effects of mussel meal in laying hen diets. The study included 96 hens (Lohmann Selected Leghorn). Four diets with 0, 3, 6 or 9% inclusion level of mussel meal, replacing the same quantities of fish meal, were included. At 26 weeks of age, five eggs from each treatment were collected and analysed for internal egg quality. The different contents of mussel meal had no significant effect on production performance or egg quality parameters except from laying percentage and egg yolk pigmentation. Mussel meal concentration up to 6% tended to improve laying percentage compared to the 0% group. Yolk pigmentation increased significantly with increasing levels of mussel meal. There were no differences between the different diets in fatty acid pattern regarding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and linolenic acid in the egg yolk. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased significantly when fishmeal was replaced by mussel meal.     

Effects of Energy and Protein Supplementation on the Production and Economic Efficiency of Scavenging Improved (Tamhoang) and Local (Ri) Breed Hens under Smallholder Conditions in North Vietnam

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of supplementing maize meal and soybean meal, separately or mixed, on egg production performance of two breeds of scavenging hens under on-farm conditions. Treatments were: (1) confined, with a mixed feed (75% maize meal and 25% soybean meal) ad libitum (CMF); (2) scavenging, with a supplement of 60 g/bird per day of maize meal (ScM); (3) scavenging, with a supplement of 25 g/bird per day of soybean meal (ScS); (4) scavenging, with 54 g/ bird per day of the mixed feed (ScMF). Mean hen-day production was 21.8%, 19.8%, 17.7% and 22.8% for the CMF, ScM, ScS and ScMF treatments, respectively (p <0.05), and was significantly (p <0.001) higher for the improved Tamhoang breed (24.4%) than for the local Ri hens (16.7%). Mean egg weight was significantly higher for the Tamhoang (53.2 g) compared to the Ri hens (45.0 g) (p<0.01). Feed consumption per kilogram of eggs was significantly higher for the CMF treatment compared to the other treatments and was lower for the ScS compared to the other scavenging treatments (p <0.05). Feed cost per kilogram of eggs was lowest for the ScM treatment and was 30 to 40% higher for the confined treatment compared to the scavenging treatments. Feed consumption and cost of feed per kilogram of eggs were significantly lower for the Tamhoang than for the Ri hens.     

发酵菜粕对蛋鸡粪便和饲料微生物菌群数量及蛋品质的影响

研究发酵菜粕对219日龄海兰褐蛋鸡粪便和饲料微生物菌群数量及蛋品质的影响。试验分为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,分别以0、4%、8%和12%发酵菜粕等氮替代日粮豆粕饲喂蛋鸡,以平板菌落计数法研究各组日粮和粪便中的微生物菌群数量,并测定其蛋品质。结果显示,发酵菜粕能显著减少蛋鸡日粮中大肠杆菌（P〈0.05）数量,增加乳酸菌（P〈0.01）、枯草芽孢杆菌（P〈0.01）、双歧杆菌、肠球菌和酵母菌数量;饲喂发酵菜粕日粮后,粪便中的乳酸菌（P〈0.05）、枯草芽孢杆菌（P〈0.05）、双歧杆菌、酵母菌和肠球菌等有益微生物菌群数量都有明显增加,试验I组蛋壳厚度（P〈0.01）、蛋黄颜色（P〈0.01）和哈氏单位（P〈0.05）均有明显增加,试验Ⅱ组的蛋黄颜色和哈氏单位有极显著增加（P〈0.01）,试验Ⅲ组的哈氏单位有显著增加（P〈0.05）,但三个试验组的蛋重均有显著下降（P〈0.05）。结果表明,发酵菜粕能显著增加蛋鸡日粮和粪便中有益微生物数量,减少日粮中有害微生物数量,4%~8%的添加量能提高蛋品质。     

用杂粕代替部分豆粕配制日粮对蛋种鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

试验研究了氨基酸平衡的低蛋白质和杂粕日粮对蛋种鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响,结果表明:当棉籽粕、菜籽粕、棉菜粕分别代替5.5%、5%、10%的豆粕时,对蛋鸡产蛋率、日产蛋重和料蛋比无显著影响,也不影响蛋的品质(P>0.05),同时每产1kg蛋消耗的饲料成本玉米-棉粕和玉米-棉菜粕组,显著低于对照组(P<0.05);但当日粮粗蛋白质水平降低2个百分点时,蛋种鸡的日平均产蛋重显著低于正常蛋白质水平的玉米-豆粕日粮(P<0.05),而与正常蛋白质水平的杂粕日粮相比,差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

The Feeding of Leaf Meal of Calliandra calothyrsus to Laying Hens

A 67-day feeding experiment was conducted to study the effects of inclusion of 5%, 7.5% or 10% leaf meal of Calliandra calothyrsus (calliandra) in the diets of laying hens on feed intake, egg production, egg weights, yolk colour and the birds' weights. While no significant effects were seen on either egg numbers or egg size, feed intake increased and the efficiency of feed utilization decreased with increasing inclusion of the foliage. Absolute initial and final body weights did not show significant treatment differences but live weight changes over the course of the experiments were statistically significant, weight gains decreasing with increasing calliandra levels. The strength of colour of the yolks increased within 3 days of offering the calliandra, irrespective of the level of inclusion. The persistence of the colour change after withdrawal of the leaf meal ranged from 3 days at the 5% inclusion to over 10 days at the 10% level. While it may be possible to include calliandra leaf meal in poultry rations along with other, local, low-cost components, there would appear to be little advantage in using it in conjunction with commercial layers meal at levels higher than those necessary to provide the desired pigmentation level in the yolks (5% or less).     

Rapeseed induced liver haemorrhage, reticulolysis and biochemical changes in laying hens: the effects of feeding high and low glucosinolate meals

Rapeseed meal hepatosis was produced by feeding high and low glucosinolate meals as a source of protein (about 200 g kg-1 diet) but could not be distinguished histologically from fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome which occurred in birds on the control diet. Both types of meal increased haemorrhage, reticulolysis and lymphoproliferation in the liver, reduced the packed cell volume and caused thyroid enlargement. Haemorrhages emanated from ruptured intrahepatic portal veins, capillaries and sinusoids and were associated with degenerative changes in vessel walls. Haemorrhage and reticulin scores were correlated. Parenchymal necrosis occurred only around large haematomas and caused increased aspartate transaminase activity in the plasma. Both meals also caused hyperglycaemia and reduced the plasma triglyceride content. Only the high glucosinolate meal decreased egg production, caused liver enlargement and reduced the plasma urate level. The addition of myrosinase enhanced its effects on egg production and packed cell volume but did not increase its hepatotoxicity.