青海高原牦牛肩胛上、下神经和腋神经解剖

本文报道了生活在高寒低氧环境下的青海高原牦牛的肩胛上、下神经和腋神经的起源、位置、行程、分支和分布情况。其主要特征是肩胛上神经、肩胛下神经纤维都来自第６、第７颈神经的腹侧支、其神经的分支支配与牛、水牛、马的基本相同。腋神经纤维来自第７、第８颈神经和第１胸神经,其分支支配三角肌、小圆肌、冈下肌、臂头肌锁臂部以及前臂的筋膜和皮肤     

支配家兔下颌淋巴结的神经来源

本实验用ＨＲＰ逆行追踪法对家兔下颌淋巴结的神经来源进行了研究。结果表明；在同侧三叉神经半月状神经节和Ｃ１－４脊神经出现标记神经原，以三叉神经经半月状神经的标记细胞最多，提示下颌淋巴结的初级感觉主要经三叉神经传入；在同侧的颈前节，星状神经节及Ｔ２－３椎旁节出现标记的交感后神经原，主要出现于颈前节的吻侧端。     

Nerve growth factor production in sheep antral follicles

Despite their continuous turnover, sheep antral follicles are always regularly innervated. The local production of neurotrophins is probably involved in the control of ovarian innervation. In this context the present investigation was designed to evaluate the ability of sheep antral follicles to produce neurotrophic factors. In the first part of the paper neurotrophic activity was measured in follicular fluid of sheep antral follicles of different size. Using an in vitro model the effect of gonadotrophins on neurotrophin production was then evaluated. The levels of neurotrophic activity in conditioned medium or follicular fluid and the kind of neurotrophin produced were determined by using the chicken embryo dorsal root ganglia test combined with an immunoneutralization step. Follicular fluid from medium-large follicles (>4 mm) contains high levels of NGF (240-250 ng/ml), whereas the factor is nearly undetectable in small follicles (<3 mm) and in early atretic follicles. Experiments in vitro based on the culture of follicle shells for 12 hr confirmed that medium-large follicles can produce NGF. The production is strictly dependent on gonadotrophin stimulation. When gonadotrophins were not added or were added separately, no detectable levels of neurotrophic activity accumulated in medium. By contrast, in the presence of both LH and FSH the production of NGF became apparent showing a clear dose-response behavior. In addition, this production increased progressively with increasing follicle size from 4 to >5 mm up to values of about 60 ng/follicle, whereas follicles with a diameter of less than 3 mm were insensitive to gonadotrophins stimulation and did not produce significant amount of NGF. The data presented demonstrate that sheep follicles produce relevant amounts of NGF as long as the correct hormonal milieu is provided. Under these conditions the production of the NGF increases with increasing follicle size. This may be responsible for the rapid innervation of the wall of growing follicles and/or take part in other non-neural processes that are generally attributed to gonadotrophin stimulation.     

免疫组织化学技术在神经生长因子研究中的应用

神经生长因子是最早发现的细胞生长调节因子,在神经系统和非神经系统中起着十分重要的作用。免疫组织化学技术作为一门传统的技术,在神经生长因子的基础研究方面作出了重要贡献,同时结合新技术的发展也为其进一步研究开辟出了新的思路。作者简述了免疫组化技术在神经生长因子研究中的应用情况。     

青海高原牦牛肌皮神经的解剖

本文首次报道了生活在世界屋脊青海高原主同寒低氧环境下牦牛肌皮神经的来源及其行走路一和分布的情况。     

马“肩胛上神经麻痹”质疑

运用解剖学知识对马属动物四肢疾病中的肩胛上神经麻痹 ( paralysis of the suprascapular nerve)进行了分析 ,认为该病大多为数支神经麻痹所致     

Nerve sheath tumours in the dog and cat

Schwannomas were diagnosed in twelve dogs and five cats at Massey University Small Animal Clinic and Hospital over a 15-year period (1977-92). A further two feline cases were reported at the Batchelar Animal Health Laboratory. In six dogs, the tumour involved nerves of the brachial plexus. Clinical signs observed in these dogs were forelimb lameness, muscle wasting and pain on movement of the affected limb or neck. Hindlimb paresis was observed in two dogs. Surgical excision of the brachial plexus tumour was attempted in one dog, leading to an 8-month remission of signs. In one dog, the tumour involved the sacral nerves, and in two dogs the cranial nerves were affected. Three dogs had skin nodules. Seven of the twelve affected dogs were destroyed. In five cats, the tumours developed on the carpus, tarsus or interdigital area of a forelimb or hindlimb as a slowly developing nodular lesion. In the other two cats, the site of the tumour was the flank and the lateral thigh respectively. Surgical excision of the tumour was successful in three cats.     

Development of Galanin-Containing Nerve Fibres in Rat Tibia

Galanin exerts tonic inhibition of nociceptive input to the central nervous system. Recently, this peptide was demonstrated in several neuronal and non-neuronal structures in bones and joints. In this study, the time of appearance and topographic localization of galanin-containing nerve fibres in bone were studied in rats from gestational day 16 (GD16) to postnatal day 21 (PD21). The tibia was chosen as a model of developing long bone and indirect immunofluorescence combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to identify galanin-immunoreactive (GAL-IR) nerve fibres. The earliest, sparse GAL-IR fibres were observed on GD21 in the perichondrium of both epiphyses and in the periosteum of the diaphysis. From PD1 onwards, GAL-IR fibres were also seen in the bone marrow cavity and in the region of the inter-condylar eminence of the knee joint. Intramedullary GAL-IR fibres in proximal and distal metaphyses appeared around PD1. Some of them accompanied blood vessels, although free fibres were also seen. GAL-IR fibres located in the cartilage canals of both epiphyses were observed from PD7, in the secondary ossification centres from PD10 and in the bone marrow of both epiphyses from PD14. The time course and localization of galanin-containing nerve fibres resemble the development of substance P- and CGRP-expressing nerve fibres, thus suggesting their sensory origin.     

犬瘟热后期神经症状诊疗1例

犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒(CDV)引起的一种高度接触性传染病,可发生与各个年龄段的犬只,尤其多发于幼犬和未免疫或者免疫缺陷的犬只.其症状表现:     

Nerve stimulator-guided paravertebral lumbar plexus anaesthesia in dogs

Veterinary Research Communications -     

Spinal Nerve Root Origin of the Median, Ulnar and Musculocutaneous Nerves and their Muscle Nerve Branches to the Canine Forelimb

The contribution individual ventral spinal nerve roots made to the canine median nerve, ulnar nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, and their muscle nerve branches was determined electrophysiologically. Each spinal nerve root was sequentially stimulated. Utilizing quantitative signal averaging techniques, the evoked potential was measured at each tested peripheral nerve. Evoked potential to the median nerve originated from the seventh cervical spinal root (C7) through the second thoracic spinal root (T2) with most input from C8 and T1. The ulnar nerve received evoked potential from C7-T2. Although T1 provided the major input to both the median and ulnar nerves, the relative contribution of T1 was greater in the ulnar nerve. The musculocutaneous nerve received input from ventral spinal roots C6-T1 with C6 and C7 providing most of the evoked potential. The ventral spinal roots which supplied the bulk of the evoked potential to a particular muscle nerve were consistent between individual dogs. Variation of evoked potential input was greatest from spinal roots which supplied less than 10% of the total potential.