水族馆内淡水鱼饲养池水质指标分析

2009年1～6月间,测定分析了水族馆内淡水鱼饲养池的水质指标。分析结果表明：溶解氧和细菌总数存在显著的负相关关系（r=-0.360,P〈0.01,n=50）,霉菌和酵母菌数量与溶解氧也存在显著的负相关关系（r=-0.550,P〈0.01,n=50）,细菌总数与霉菌和酵母菌之间存在显著的正相关关系（r=0.568,P〈0.01,n=50）;选择浊度和细菌总数作为水族馆内鱼类饲养池水质评价的新指标。本文对主要水质指标的标准差进行了分析,标准差的大小反映了淡水鱼类饲养池的综合调控措施对各水质指标控制能力的强弱。利用单个或少数几个水质指标进行水质环境评价不能充分反映实际情况,应综合看待各指标包括其间的相关性和标准差等方面,对淡水养殖环境做出较为客观的、全面的和准确的分析。     

美国大口胭脂鱼大规格鱼种池塘培育试验

美国大口胭脂鱼大规格鱼种培育以单养的效果为好,其培育成活率可达69.7%;夏花放养量以15万尾/hm^2为宜,夏花规格3cm以上,经5～6个月的养殖,可养成50g/尾的大规格鱼种,单产可达5 250 kg/hm2左右.     

珠江三角洲密养池塘的水质特点分析

对珠江三角洲的几个典型基塘进行了一个养殖周期的跟踪调查,发现密养池塘中的NH4-、TN、COD、Chla等指标均有明显的升高,而NO3-、TP、SRP、BOD等指标无明显升高,DO没NO2-也占约 比例上升,占50%以上,NO2有明显下降。密养池塘无机氮的组成发生了明显的变化:NH4-比例,降到40%以下。池塘是以P为浮游植物生长的限制性因子。P的限制因素解除,浮10%,NO3游植物将迅速增长。池塘底泥中TP、TN、有机质明显高出基面堆叠土,以P的富集最为强烈。富营养化评价结果表明,珠江三角洲密养池塘达到了重度富营养化水平,而且养殖年限越高,富营养化程度越高。     

精养池塘月投饲比率与水温的关系

根据对豫北地区池塘水温周年变化的实测数据，计算了每月的池水积温占年度积温的百分比。通过与生产中各月实际投饲率的分配进行比较，建立了月投饲分配比率y(每月投饲量占全年投饲量的百分比）与月积温比率x（月池水积温占年池水总积温的百分比）的直线回归方程，即y=-1.374 1.1656x。并对两者回归关系所要求的条件进行了分析，提出了豫北地区精养池塘月投饲量的分配比例。     

水泥池全封闭培育蟹苗技术研究

在水泥池中分5个试验组进行河蟹育苗试验。结果表明：设计试验条件下，单位产量可达0．048～0．062kg／m^3，300m^3育苗水体可产蟹苗14．4～18．6kg。Z1期布池密度在4万～6万只／m^3为宜。布池密度过高，将超过系统负载量，造成水质恶化，氨态氮和亚硝态氮超过蟹苗耐受范围，系统崩溃。     

大眼狮鲈鱼苗的池塘培育技术

大眼狮鲈又称白眼鲈 (ＳｔｉｚｏｓｔｅｄｉｏｎｖｉｔｒｅｕｍＭｔｃｈｉｌｌ) ,英文名Ｗａｌｌｅｙｅ ,隶属鲈形目、鲈科、狮鲈属。原产于北美洲东部 ,是美国和加拿大重要的游钓鱼类和经济鱼类。为了增加我国北方地区池塘养鱼和内陆水域鱼类增养殖的品种 ,1993～ 2 0 0 0年我所连续 8年从加拿大萨斯卡切温省引进大眼狮鲈发眼鱼卵和鱼苗 ,移植到哈尔滨地区 ,培育成夏花后 ,放流到内陆水域自然增殖或作为池塘搭配鱼类养殖。现将池塘培育大眼狮鲈鱼苗的试验情况介绍如下。1　材料与方法1 1　池塘条件与放养量利用沙底塘与泥底塘进行大眼狮鲈…     

匙吻鲟大规格鱼种的池塘培育试验

匙吻鲟是一种纯淡水鱼类，能常年生活在内陆江河、湖库及池塘中，适温范围为0～37℃，最适生长温度22～30℃，食性以浮游动物为主，人工驯化可食颗粒饲料，性情温和，习性与花鲢相似，易捕捞。我单位渔场于2003年5月4日引进匙吻鲟水花1万尾，经暂养池饲养达寸片后转入鱼种池主养，并搭配银鲫套养，取得了较好的效果．现将有关养殖技术介绍如下。     

罗非鱼池塘套养南美白对虾生态养殖试验

为了探索一种适合在咸淡水资源丰富地区发展的生态养殖模式,在广西防城港市利用河海交汇处的高位池进行了大规格罗非鱼池塘套养南美白对虾的试验.结果显示:南美白对虾平均单产220 kg/亩,罗非鱼平均单产670 kg/亩,平均利润达5550元/亩.试验结果表明:罗非鱼养殖池套养南美白对虾可充分利用养殖水体的空间,降低对虾的养殖成本,有效控制虾病的发生和传染,提高养殖经济效益.     

Supplemental Feeding of Tilapia in Fertilized Ponds

The addition of feed to fertilized fish ponds was evaluated by adding feed alone, feed plus fertilizer, or fertilizer alone to nine ponds stocked with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus . Two experiments were conducted. The first had 500 fish per 250 m² pond in 3 treatments: ad-libitum feeding; fertilizer only; or fertilizer and ad-libitum feeding. The second experiment had 5 treatments with 750 fish per pond ad-libitum feed only; fertilizer only; or 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 satiation ration plus fertilizer. Ponds in Thailand were maintained for 155–162 d, during which chemical and physical properties were monitored. In experiment 1 tilapia growth was highest in feed only ponds, and lowest in fertilizer only ponds. Net yield did not differ significantly among treatments, due to variation in survival. In experiment 2, tilapia growth was lowest in fertilizer only ponds, intermediate in 0.25 ration ponds, and highest in 0.50, 0.75, and ad-libitum ponds. The latter treatments were not significantly different. Multiple regressions for each experiment indicated only 47–87% of the variance in growth was explained by feed and fertilizer input, while 52–89% of the variance in yield was explained by those factors. For both experiments combined, 90.3% of the variance in growth was explained by feed input, fertilizer input, alkalinity, and total inorganic nitrogen concentration. For yield, R ² was 0.888 and the regression included feed input, pH, and number of low dissolved oxygen events. Experiment 1 appeared to approach carrying capacity near the end, while no reduction in growth occurred in experiment 2 at higher fish density and biomass. Reductions in growth in experiment 1 were not correlated with declining water quality late in the grow out. Combinations of feed and fertilizer were most efficient in growing tilapia to large size (500 g) compared to complete feeding or fertilizing alone.     

三种微生态制剂对鱼池水质净化作用的对比试验

对比了三种微生态制剂对淡水养殖池的水质净化效果。试验结果表明：在提高水体的溶氧量方面，“高浓缩光合细菌”的效果极显著，比对照组提高了30％。“水产EM原液”和“益生菌”对水体的溶氧量无明显影响；在降低氨氮含量方面，“水产EM原液”和“益生菌”效果极显著，比对照组分别降低了82％，和81％。“高浓缩光合细菌”效果较显著，比对照组降低了69％；在提高池水的pH值方面，“水产EM原液”作用明显，较对照组提高4％，且不引起pH值剧烈波动。“高浓缩光合细菌”和“益生菌”对pH值的影响不明显；在降低池水的化学耗氧量方面，三种微生态制剂均未表现出显著作用。     

暗纹东方鲀小规格鱼种池塘培育试验

选用10口连片池塘，水源充足，为水库水，水质无污染，进排水极方便，交通、供电条件也好，同时不易受风暴潮或洪水的冲击。池塘正方形，面积均为每口0．2hm^2．不漏渗，淤泥底厚3～5cm，为使用过1年的新塘。     

生态环保型池塘养虾技术

根据生态平衡的原理，利用物理的、生物学的多种技术手段，在循环用水的流程中加以净化处理，可保证对虾养殖池的用水质量，减少废水的排放。此项改革有利于近海海洋环境保护，以及对虾养殖持续健康发展。     

Sedimentation and Resuspension in Earthen Fish Ponds

Resuspension of particles from pond sediment into the water column may be an important nutrient transfer mechanism in aquaculture ponds. However, the magnitude of sediment re-suspension cannot be determined directly because sediment traps collect particles settling from the water column as well as those re-suspended from the pond bottom. We developed a dilution analysis method to differentiate the magnitude of the two particle source fluxes based upon the concentration of soil-derived elements (Si, Al, and Fe) and water-derived elements (C, N) in material collected by sediment traps placed in earthen ponds. Estimated organic C sedimentation from feed residues and algae was compared with trapped organic C as an independent and approximate measure of resuspension. Resuspension fluxes based independently on analyses of three soil-derived elements and on the estimation of expected C sedimentation were similar and accounted for 60–90% of the total solids flux (121–2,676 g/m² per d) in most ponds sampled. The proportion of total flux that was derived from resuspension in ponds stocked with common carp Cyprinus carpio and tilapia Oreochromis spp . was modeled as a hyperbolic function of fish size and density, with a threshold fish size of 200–300 g. Resuspension flux was conservatively estimated to be equivalent to the daily suspension of a few mm of the pond bottom. These results indicate that sediment resuspension is a major process in carp and tilapia ponds, suggesting that the exchange of nutrients between the sediment and overlying water is intensive.     

黑斑口虾蛄土池育苗技术要点

黑斑口虾蛄(Oratosquilla kempir)主要分布在我国江苏以南海区,在80年代尚未形成市场需求,随着其他渔业资源的衰退,黑斑口虾蛄等虾蛄类逐渐成为饭桌上的佳肴。为了保持其资源的可持续利用,作者曾进行黑斑口虾蛄低坝高网育肥暂养和池塘养殖试验,结果证明它具较强的抗病力、抗台风等灾害性环境,生长速度快,养成时间短,经济效益高等特点,是一种有前途的养殖新品     

一龄鳜鱼种培育试验

为满足规模化养鳜对大规格鱼种的需求,进行了一龄鳜培育试验。在２个１．２亩的池塘里放养夏花鳜鱼种８４００尾,培育９２天,结果育成平均规格６８．５ｇ／尾的一龄鳜鱼种４９３．２ｋｇ,成活率９０％。     

成鱼池混养江黄颡鱼试验

江黄颡鱼(PseudobagrusvachelliRichardson)又称瓦氏黄颡鱼,俗称江颡、郎丝江颡、硬角黄腊丁、青楞子,分类上隶属于鲇形目、鮠科、黄颡鱼属。该鱼是黄颡鱼属中个体最大的一种,二龄鱼体重可达150~600g,最大个体达1850g。其肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、无肌间刺,鱼汤呈乳白色,浓而不腥,鲜中带甜,因而深受广大消费者的青睐。江黄颡鱼是长江、淮河中下游的渔业对象之一,近年来由于滥捕现象严重,其资源量已明显下降。江黄颡鱼是我国的土著鱼类,分布广、适应性强、生长快,市场需求量大,其人工养殖具有广阔的开发前景。试验表明,采用网箱饲养江黄颡商品鱼…     

海水土池育苗适口饵料生物培育技术

海水土池育苗可以利用池塘中天然饵料生物，因其具有成本低、收益好等特点而越来越受人们的欢迎。近几年来，河蟹土池育苗已兴起热潮，海水鱼类、贝类、虾蟹的土池育苗也已开始。但由于种种原因，土池育苗生产很不稳定，甚至失败，其中原因之一是育苗培育时饵料供应不足，营养不全面或是质量不好。浮游生物是多数鱼、贝、虾、蟹幼体的开口饵料、基础饵料，或是补充饵料，在育苗工作中起着重要的作用。搞好海水土池育苗，培育适口饵料生物是育苗的关键技术之一。在此介绍一些海水土池育苗中如何培育适口饵料生物的方法。     

翘嘴红鲌池塘饲养技术研究

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Delayed Feeding of Channel Catfish Fry Stocked in Ponds

We compared production variables between channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, nursery ponds fed according to industry standards, that is feeding immediately at stocking, to an alternative practice of delaying feeding for 6 wk after stocking in an effort to utilize natural pond productivity and reduce feed use. Twelve 0.04 ha ponds were fertilized and stocked with swim‐up fry (4–5 d posthatch) at a rate of 10,000/pond (250,000/ha). Ponds were then randomly assigned to either the standard feeding protocol (feeding daily starting immediately at stocking) or an alternative feeding protocol (no feeding until 6 wk post‐stocking). After 18 wk of production, there were no differences in water quality or zooplankton abundance between the two treatments. Fish length was not affected by treatment throughout the study, and survival and total weight harvested were similar. Total kg of feed fed was significantly reduced in the delayed feed treatment, averaging 26 kg/pond less feed fed. If proper fertilization practices are implemented, large numbers of desirable zooplankton for catfish fry culture are attained, and these zooplankton are able to sustain catfish fry stocked up to 250,000/ha. Therefore, no commercial diets are required during the first 6 wk of culture, saving over $95.55/ha in initial feed costs.     

盐碱地池塘配置网箱养鱼试验

在盐碱地一个面积为2871m^2的鱼池中,配置4个网箱．分别放养罗非鱼、淡水白鲳和鲤,箱外放养鲢、草鱼和鲤。试验结果：罗非鱼箱(20m^2)出鱼525kg．平均单产26．3kg／m^2,淡水白鲳箱(12m^2)出鱼400kg,平均单产33.3kg／m^2,鲤鱼箱两个(各12m^2)分别出鱼488．5kg和522kg,平均单产为40．7kg／m^2和43．5kg／m^2。箱外出鲢516kg,草鱼130kg,鲤1125kg。总计全池出鱼3706．5kg,亩产鱼862kg,每亩纯盈利2173．85元。试验证明：池塘配置网箱养鱼．可同池主养几种鱼,起捕容易,管理方便。