环形泰勒虫表面抗原Tams1-Spag1串联表达及其蛋白的生物信息学分析

为了研究环形泰勒虫表面抗原特性,以原核表达系统串联表达表面抗原Tams1-Spag1基因,并对其蛋白进行生物信息学分析。通过PCR技术扩增Tams1-Spag1基因片段后构建重组质粒p ET-28a-Tams1-Spag1,IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达,SDS-PAGE与Western-blot检测显示,得到大小与预期分子量相当的目的蛋白;生物信息学分析发现,此串联重组蛋白Tams1-Spag1具有219个氨基酸,属于非分泌型亲水性蛋白,分别具有13个与11个可能的糖基化与磷酸化位点,存在两个低复杂性的结构域,一个NOT的结构域,预测有6个B细胞表位优势区段与10个T细胞表位优势区段,存在两段交叉反应性表位肽。本研究为深入探讨串联重组蛋白的免疫原性提供理论依据。     

环形泰勒虫表面抗原重组蛋白Tasp-Tams1-Spag1生物信息学分析与原核表达

运用生物信息学软件对环形泰勒虫表面抗原串联基因Tasp-Tams1-Spag1进行分析,预测其编码蛋白的主要特性与抗原表位等,并对此串联基因进行克隆与原核表达。结果表明:串联重组蛋白Tasp-Tams1-Spag1属于不稳定非分泌型亲水性蛋白;编码346个氨基酸;有4个低复杂性的结构域,且含有Sorb与Btz、NL、NOT的同源区域;可能存在11个B细胞表位优势区段与17个T细胞表位优势区段,含有T、B细胞联合表位,表明Tasp-Tams1-Spag1重组蛋白可能具有良好的免疫原性。IPTG诱导重组蛋白原核表达,结果显示,该重组蛋白以包涵体形式存在;经Western blot检测,表明此串联蛋白反应原性良好,为后续深入研究免疫抗原奠定基础。     

鹅副黏病毒L基因片段的克隆及其主要抗原表位区的原核表达

利用PCR扩增鹅副黏病毒编码L蛋白的主要抗原表位区基因片段,并将该片段克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1,通过诱导表达条件的摸索,实现了L蛋白主要抗原表位区在大肠杆菌中的高效中的表达,SDS-PAGE检测表达的融合蛋白主要以可溶形式存在,Western blot分析重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性,并利用亲和层析得到融合蛋白.     

新城疫病毒F基因在大肠埃希菌中的表达及其抗原性分析

构建新城疫病毒融合蛋白F基因的原核表达载体,并将其在宿主菌BL21(DE3)感受细胞中表达.以含有融合蛋白F基因的重组质粒pMD19T-F为模板,设计特异性引物,应用PCR技术扩增获得F基因的F1片段,定向插入原核表达载体pET-28a,构建重组质粒pET-F1,将构建成功的重组质粒pET-F1转化宿主菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞经IPTG诱导,将其在宿主菌细胞中表达,表达产物用SDS-PAGE和Western blot方法检测.结果显示,成功克隆出了新城疫病毒F1基因片段序列852 bp.构建的pET-F1载体经PCR、双酶切、测序鉴定均无误,转化表达宿主菌后经SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测结果显示,目的基因被成功表达,并具有良好的反应原性.成功构建了新城疫病毒的融合蛋白F基因原核表达载体,转化宿主细胞后成功表达了融合蛋白F1重组蛋白片段.     

鸭源鸡杆菌flfA基因的克隆表达及抗原性分析

用PCR方法从鸭源鸡杆菌中国分离株PDS-RZ-1-SLG中扩增flfA基因,并运用生物信息学软件分析鸭源鸡杆菌菌毛蛋白FlfA的二级结构、表面可及性与B细胞优势表位簇;将目的基因插入原核表达载体Pet28a(+),经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定成功构建重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-FlfA,然后转化到大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导重组质粒表达;SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定FlfA的表达及抗原性。结果显示:成功获得与预期大小一致的573bp的flfA基因;FlfA蛋白结构分析显示其二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,表面存在很多抗原表位;PCR及酶切等鉴定表明重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-FlfA构建成功。SDS-PAGE分析显示,经IPTG诱导表达获得相对分子质量约20 000的重组蛋白;Western blot分析结果显示重组菌毛蛋白能被兔抗rFlfA多抗血清和鸡抗鸭源鸡杆菌血清识别,抗原性良好;而且,rFlfA多抗血清与菌毛蛋白具有良好反应性。     

猪巨细胞病毒gB蛋白抗原表位富集区的表达和抗原性的分析

为表达猪巨细胞病毒(PCMV)gB基因,本研究根据GenBank登录的PCMV gB基因序列设计1对引物,以感染PCMV猪肺细胞总DNA为模板,采用PCR扩增得到gB基因片段,克隆于pMD-18T并进行核苷酸序列测定。利用DNAStar分析gB蛋白的抗原表位,选择抗原表位富集的2个基因片段(命名为PCMVgB1和PCMVgB2)分别克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒并转化Rosetta(DE3)宿主菌。结果显示:扩增的gB基因与GenBank登录的PCMV gB基因的核苷酸同源性在97.6%～98.9%之间,推导的氨基酸同源性在97%～98.6%之间。经IPTG诱导的含pET-gB1和pET-gB2重组质粒的宿主菌可表达重组gB1和gB2蛋白,SDS-PAGE显示分子量约为62ku和36ku。Western blot和间接ELISA结果表明,重组gB1和gB2蛋白均具有反应原性。     

弓形虫截短SAG2基因的克隆表达与免疫活性分析

构建截短的弓形虫表面抗原2(SAG2)原核表达系统,并探讨其抗原活性。PCR扩增去掉信号肽和C-末端的SAG2基因片段,插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-3后转化到大肠杆菌DH5α,并用IPTG诱导。SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定重组SAG2t的表达及其免疫反应原性。每升菌液约纯化出4mg rSAG2t蛋白;Western blot显示,ME49株感染的鼠血清和rSAG2t免疫的鼠血清均可强烈识别表达的截短SAG2蛋白。原核表达体系实现了截短的SAG2蛋白的可溶性表达,并具有良好的完全抗原活性。     

微小隐孢子虫三个基因主要抗原表位区的串联表达及其抗原性分析

应用多个抗原袁位预测软件对微小隐孢子虫CP15、P23和CP15/60三个子孢子表面抗原的氨基酸序列进行T细胞袁位预测及分析,从中选取了三个抗原表位富集的基因片段,利用重叠延伸PCR(gene splicing by overlapping extension PCR,SOE PCR)将该三个基因片段串联在一起,各基因片段之间以柔性氨基酸(GGGGS)碱基序列链接,得到的拼接片段命名为CpTm.将目的基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)上,构建重组表达质粒pET-CpTm,并转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,将纯化的重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体.结果成功地构建了CpTm串联基因并在大肠杆菌中以可溶形式高效表达,质谱分析表明重组表达蛋白包含了上述三个抗原的氨基酸序列.Western blot分析显示该重组蛋白能被牛抗微小隐孢子虫阳性血清及隐孢子虫鼠基因型CP15、P23、CP15/60基因重组表达蛋白免疫兔血清识别,制备的抗血清能被重组蛋白特异性识别,表明表达的重组蛋白具有较好的反应原性和免疫原性,为多表位疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

微小隐孢子虫CP15-P23-CP15/60基因的融合表达及抗血清的制备

以微小隐孢子虫基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增获得子孢子表面抗原CP15、P23和CP15/60基因。利用重叠延伸PCR(SOE PCR)将该3段基因片段串联在一起,各基因片段之间引入柔性氨基酸接头(GGGGS)编码基因。将串联基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)上,构建重组表达载体,转化到大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,将纯化的重组蛋白免疫Balb/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体。结果表明,获得了CP15-P23-CP15/60融合基因,并在大肠埃希菌中高效表达,Western blot显示重组蛋白能被牛抗微小隐孢子虫阳性血清识别,制备的多克隆抗体能被重组蛋白特异性识别,表明获得的重组蛋白具有较好的抗原性。     

牛微小隐孢子虫表面抗原CP15基因原核表达及其表达产物的鉴定

试验旨在构建微小隐孢子虫表面抗原CP15基因原核表达载体并获得重组CP15蛋白。试验以已知重组质粒pMD-CP15为模板,PCR方法扩增出CP15基因片段,并亚克隆到pGEX4T-3,构建了在E.coli BL21中GST融合表达载体pGEX-CP15;经1 mmol/L IPTG进行诱导表达获得目的蛋白,其大小采用SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blotting进行鉴定。结果表明,扩增出约390 bp的微小隐孢子虫表面抗原CP15基因片段并成功构建pGEX-CP15质粒,表达出分子质量为42 ku的融合蛋白,与推导的理论值相符。Western blotting显示该蛋白能被GST血清识别。牛微小隐孢子虫表面抗原CP15基因在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.