水利工程施工中软土地基处理的方法探讨

实际进行水利工程的施工时,常常会需要在软土地基上进行施工。软土地基最主要特征是含水量很大,而且土质颗粒之间存在较大的孔隙。此外,由于软土地基的土层比较松软而且强度小,稳定性不够好,所以必须对其进行科学的处理后再进行水利工程的施工,这样才能够很好的保证水利工程的整体质量。文章深入的阐述了软土地基的主要特征,并分析了目前常用的水利工程软土地基处理技术,希望能给今后水利工程施工中软土地基处理工作提供一定的借鉴。     

用振动挤淤法处理标准海堤的软土地基

以淤泥类软土的动力特性为基础发展起来的振动挤淤法，在标准海堤软土地基处理中有其独特的实用性。根据海堤的工程特点，分析了振动挤淤法在处理海堤软土地基的必要性和可行性。并着重阐述了振动挤淤法中3个关键施工参数的理论分析和工程实践，这3个参数包括：基础埋深，最小垫层厚度，施工机械作业参数。     

河道堤防穿堤建筑物工程软土地基

针对淮河入海水道堤防处软土层土质差，埋藏浅、厚度大，在此软土地基上修建建筑物易引起地基变形的问题，通过丰富的工程实例阐述了地基处理方法的选择。提出穿堤建筑物以沉降控制来设计，并给出了沉降实测结果，用以评价地基处理方法的优劣。     

路桥施工中钢纤维混凝土施工技术应用

路桥工程是我国的重要建设项目,在路桥施工中会采用各种各样的施工技术。钢纤维混凝土施工技术是其中的一项重要技术,其在路桥施工中的应用,能够提升路桥结构的稳定性,从而提升路桥的整体质量。文章对钢纤维混凝土施工技术相关内容进行分析,并就其在路桥施工中的应用进行探讨。     

改进排水固结法在某软土地基围堰填筑工程中的应用

通过某滨海软土地基上水闸围堰工程实例,详细介绍了＂砂被＋排水板＂改进堆载预压法的设计、施工、检测过程和实施效果,实践证明,该方法可有效提高软土地基围堰的稳定性并加快施工工期。     

论如何做好水利工程软土地基施工

软土地基施工长期以来都有较大难度,施工工艺不容易控制.在进行软土地基施工时,要依据实际情况选择合适的施工工艺,以便让施工质量得以保证,水利工程的实际效益有所提高.本文分析了水利工程中软土地基施工的相关工艺和相关技术.     

粉喷桩在水闸软土地基处理中的应用

介绍了粉喷桩在汉南至白庙段长江干堤建筑物石山港闸重建工程软土地基处理中的应用。因该工程基础下卧层为厚达5.99mm的淤泥质粘土，其含水量较高，地基承载力较低，为提高地基承载力，减小建筑物沉降，在该闸软基处理中采用了粉喷桩加固措施，结果表明，建筑物运行可靠，设计合理，效果显著。     

沙漠输水渠道地基施工及湿陷性地基处理

水利工程在沙漠地段渠道及建筑物地基施工，根据不同的地质条件，经过试验确定最优含水率，施工方法特别是湿陷性基础的换基处理，达到了设计要求。     

河道堤防穿堤建筑物工程软土地基设计研究

针对淮河入海水道堤防处软土层土质差,埋藏浅、厚度大,在此软土地基上修建建筑物易引起地基变形的问题,通过丰富的工程实例阐述了地基处理方法的选择.提出穿堤建筑物以沉降控制来设计,并给出了沉降实测结果,用以评价地基处理方法的优劣.     

土工织物在加固软土地基上的应用

利用土工织物加固软土地基是近年来发展的一种地基处理方法。文章结合福清过桥山围垦工程这一工程实例，通过对地基的稳定和变形分析，探讨了土工织物垫层的加筋作用及效果。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。