试论气缸的磨损规律及其原因

发动机是汽车的心脏,而气缸又可以说是发动机的心脏,因此我们有必要对气缸的磨损规律及其原因进行探讨. 一、气缸磨损的规律 气缸在使用中,它的磨损程度(指活塞环运动的区域内)是不均匀的:沿气缸的长度方向看(纵断面),磨损是上大下小,失去原来的圆柱形状;从气缸的平面看(横断面),沿圆周的方向磨损后会失去原来的正圆形状.气缸上口活塞环接触不到的地方,几乎没有磨损,于是形成了"台阶"(或称缸阶、缸肩).     

朱丹:尘埃里开出最美的花

1981年8月的一天,朱丹在浙江东阳的一个小镇上呱呱坠地。她清脆的啼哭声,给这个平凡的家庭带来许多欢笑,谁也没有预料到此后的生活将赐予她怎样的艰辛。家庭变故,生活的转折,缘于爸爸得了肺结核。5岁那年,她握住爸爸已然冰凉的手,如此近距离地触摸到死亡。此后,妈妈改嫁,重组家庭。于是童年时代的她便从大人们劳碌奔波的脸上,     

马铃薯块茎组织泊松比的试验研究

固体农业物料的流变特性在生产、质量控制和发展新产品中起着重要的作用.为此,选用了4个品种的马铃薯,对每个品种3个不同部位的块茎组织进行了泊松比的测量研究.采用图像处理的方法获得马铃薯试样的横向和纵向尺寸,测得了不同品种及品种内3个不同区间的泊松比值,为马铃薯流变特性的研究提供参考.     

豪丰印象

5月下旬,正是小麦夏收时节,笔者如约来到位于河南省许昌县张潘镇的河南豪丰机械制造有限公司.10多年前我曾来过当时还是许昌县农机总厂的这家企业,当年的厂长,现任公司董事长刘少林早已等在办公楼前,一口纯正的河南腔,还是那个大嗓门,虽然岁月的沧桑给他增添了些许皱纹,但眼前这个一米八的中原汉子依旧那么豪爽,那么开朗,竟使人看不出多少岁月磨砺的痕迹.在寒暄后的访谈和参观中,一个现代农机具生产企业和它的当家人的形象逐渐在我的脑海中清晰起来.     

做一个有“心”的职场“萝卜”

晓梦是一年前大学毕业到这家公司实习的。刚进来的时候,主管跟她谈话说,与她一起进来的还有三个女孩,在实习期内,只有表现突出者才能留下。主管的话让晓梦有些沮丧,但她是一个不甘服输的女孩,作为一个名校高才生,她对自己的最终胜出有足够的自信。晓梦所在的这家公司是她所在的这座城市的一家知名企业,作为一个不拿工资的实习人员,她们几个人的工作挺清闲,平常的时候也就是打扫一下卫生,做些复印、打字、整理材料、接接电话的工作。但晓梦是个聪明的姑娘,作     

热帖

与读者进行心与心的交流,是我们的初衷;让读者因《意林》有所感悟,是我们的追求。热帖期待着您精彩的思想灵光!米歇尔·马尔泰利是海地的一位知名歌唱家。成名之后,他一直坚持在贫困区义唱,他希望用自己的歌声来唤醒海地的民众,并改变海地人民的生活。他甚至     

免耕播种机破茬部件田间试验装置的设计

通过对免耕播种机的发展及国内外免耕播种机破茬部件的发展现状的分析,根据破茬部件的功能要求,研制出了一种通用的免耕播种机破茬部件的田间试验装置;同时,利用Solidworks建立了该试验装置的模型,并对其进行了分析.该种免耕播种机破茬部件的田间试验装置,解决了犁刀避让残茬以及机架被抬起的现象,为研制通用型免耕播种机奠定了基础.     

让心情摇曳如花

精彩的心情是柠檬般的悠闲,牛奶般的优越和几分印度香料的寂寞。阳光·温馨阳光,是一种很温暖的感觉。喜欢阳光,只是那份懒洋洋的悠闲。在芬芳的院子,古老的藤椅,摇晃着满满的幸     

花儿朵朵

五月的花儿们,在争艳了一春,热闹了一春后,就如当初匆匆地来一样,悄无声息地又去了。那些艳的粉,明的黄,雪的白……在一瞬间,悄悄地便都去了。只剩下满眼的绿,嫩的绿,浅的绿,青葱的绿,苍翠的绿。绿,是夏的衣裳,是夏的颜色,是夏的烈日下一道清新凉爽的空气。     

从节能角度探讨拖拉机的发展趋势

随着科学技术飞速发展,拖拉机产品的技术将向环保和节能方向发展.为此,着重分析了拖拉机的结构与节能的关系;拖拉机的底盘与配套发动机匹配质量与节能的关系;拖拉机与农具配套能力与节能型方向的关系.同时,从节能角度对拖拉机的发展趋势进行了论述.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。