泰国的农机管理和农业机械化

今年２月，农业部路明副部长率团考察了泰国农业部农业局、渔业局、技术推广局等单位，并专门访问了泰国农业部的农业工程处，参观了农机修造企业，就泰国的农机管理和农业机械化情况做了了解。现将考察情况整理成文，供参考。泰国的农机管理泰国的农机管理部门是农业工程处。该处是泰国农业与合作组织部农业局下属的一个处，成立于１９５５年。其主要职能有：管理农业机械和农业加工的研究和发展；向政府和社会提供机械和技术服务；协调各研究机构之间的合作研究并提供相关技术支持；向农业部内其他部门提供服务。农业工程处处下设４个科，…     

泰国农业支柱产业研究

农业在泰国国民经济中占有重要地位。泰国农业产品品种丰富、产量充足,是泰国外贸出口的主要商品,最主要的产业是种植业和渔业。稻米、橡胶和木薯是泰国最重要的农产品。     

泰国农业和食品加工业简介

与中国一样，泰国是一个农业国，全国主要由北部、南部、中部和东北部四个区域组成。北部地区与中国接壤。泰国人口大约有6千万，人均年收入大约为700美元。泰国80％的人口在农业领域工作。稻米，特别是香米，是泰国著名的出口商品。因此，泰国有3000多个稻米产品（例如米粉）生产厂。数年前，为了唤起食品制造厂商对食品安全的了解和重视，泰国政府发起了“泰国世界厨房”活动。     

泰国发展农业机械化的政策

泰国有80%的人口从事农业,享有“东南亚粮仓”的美名,是亚洲惟一的粮食净出口国和世界上主要粮食出口国之一。农业在泰国经济和社会结构中具有重要地位。泰国主要农产品有大米、木薯等,是世界头号大米和木薯出口国,出口的大米和木薯分别占世界出口总量的25%和85%。农业收入的60%来自农作物,其余来自水产养殖业、畜牧业、农产品粗加工和农业服务。在泰国的10大出口商品中,农产品占6个,占出口总值的40%。现在,泰国已成为世界五大农产品出口国之一。泰国农产品出口的大幅度增长,带动了泰国农业生产和农产品加工业的发展。相对美国、日本等国而…     

泰国发展农业机械化的政策

泰国有80%的人口从事农业,享有“东南亚粮仓“的美名,是亚洲惟一的粮食净出口国和世界上主要粮食出口国之一.农业在泰国经济和社会结构中具有重要地位.泰国主要农产品有大米、木薯等,是世界头号大米和木薯出口国,出口的大米和木薯分别占世界出口总量的25%和85%.农业收入的60%来自农作物,其余来自水产养殖业、畜牧业、农产品粗加工和农业服务.在泰国的10大出口商品中,农产品占6个,占出口总值的40%.现在,泰国已成为世界五大农产品出口国之一.泰国农产品出口的大幅度增长,带动了泰国农业生产和农产品加工业的发展.……     

泰国发展农业机械化的政策

泰国有80%的人口从事农业,享有“东南亚粮仓”的美名.农业在泰国经济和社会结构中占有重要地位.泰国主要农产品有大米、木薯等,是世界头号大米和木薯出口国,出口的大米和木薯分别占世界出口总量的25%和85%.农业收入的60%来自农作物,其余来自水产养殖业、畜牧业、农产品粗加工和农业服务.在泰国的10大出口商品中,农产品占6个,占出口总值的40%.现在,泰国已成为世界五大农产品出口国之一.农产品出口的大幅度增长,带动了泰国农业生产和农产品加工业的发展.     

泰国发展农业机械化的政策

泰国有80％的人口从事农业,享有“东南亚粮仓”的美名,是亚洲惟一的粮食净出口国和世界上主要粮食出口国之一。农业在泰国经济和社会结构中具有重要地位。泰国主要农产品有大米、木薯等,是世界头号大米和木薯出口国,出口的大米和木薯分别占世界出口总量的25％和85％。农业收入的60％来自农作物,其余来自水产养殖业、畜牧业、农产品粗加工和农业服务。     

农业机械化论坛

农业机械化论坛泰国农机市场的分析及扩大我国农机产品向泰国出口的对策张向先于跃荣１泰国农机市场产销状况及其分析１．１泰国农机产品生产现状目前泰国有农机生产厂２００多家，其中中小型企业占绝大多数，这些企业生产多种型号的产品，充分发挥船小调头快的优势。大型...     

泰国的农机管理和农业机械化

１农业工程处泰国的农机管理部门是农业工程处，它隶属于泰国农业与合作组织部农业局，成立于１９５５年。其主要职能：管理农业机械和农业加工的研究与发展；向政府和社会提供机械和技术服务；协调各研究机构之间的合作并提供相关技术支持；向农业部内其他部门提供服务。该处下设４个科、３个研究组和５个农业工程中心。（１）４个科及其职能　①行政管理科：负责制定计划和编制研究经费预算；负责公共关系、财务和人事等日常行政工作；检测和评估研究成果；组织培训和学术交流会议。②维修和保养科：负责为农业局的研究和开发提供车辆、…     

泰国农业合作社及农业业机械化

1农业及农业推广体系（1）农业基本情况。泰国位于中南半岛中部，是东南亚的君主立宪制国家。国土面积51.312万km2，总人口6768万（2014年），农业人口达80％，享有“东南亚粮仓”的美名，全国可耕地面积约2240万hm2，是亚洲唯一的粮食净出口国，世界五大农产品出口国之一，农产品是泰外汇收入的主要来源之一。泰国实行自由经济政策，是世界新兴市场经济体之一，依靠“以农立国”方针来实现经济整体腾飞。水稻、玉米、木薯、橡胶、甘蔗、蔬菜、绿豆、麻、烟草、咖啡豆、油棕、椰子等为主要作物。水稻生产约占总耕地的59％，玉米、木薯、高梁等旱地作物约占总耕地的23%，果树种植约占总耕地的9%，菠萝、龙眼、榴莲、芒果等热带水果已占据世界市场的35％。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。