沿海地区配电网架空线路防污防腐

<正>1沿海配电网10 kV架空线路金属部件腐蚀现状沿海地区受海雾、海风、温差大等带来的海水微粒等污秽源及工业污染的影响，形成比较多的污区。线路表面盐秽含量高及导线绝缘不完整，是对绝缘导线表面的憎水性、耐磨性、热稳定性等性能的严峻考验。1.1金属镀锌层腐蚀金属镀锌层长期暴露在空气中，受风吹雨淋及温度变化影响，其表面会形成一层水膜，这层水膜溶解大气环境中的化学物质，从而形成电解质液膜。镀锌层与电解质液膜、空气中的氧在一起会构成腐蚀电化学体系，使镀锌层发生腐蚀。在腐蚀发展的过程中，腐蚀产物或粉化掉落或被雨水冲走而露出新的腐蚀界面，     

温室采暖管道不同表面处理方式对散热量的影响

大型连栋玻璃温室常采用光管散热器作为采暖材料,一般采暖管道常采用喷塑、喷漆、挂镀等不同的表面处理方式。为减少能源消耗、保证热量利用率,研究了不同表面处理方式对采暖管道散热量的影响,结果表明,3种表面处理方式中,喷塑和喷漆的采暖管道散热量较大,喷塑管道的金属热强度最大。所得研究结果为采暖管道散热器在温室中的实际应用提供理论基础和经验数据。     

汽车安全带高强度螺栓表面处理技术应用及展望

汽车安全带螺栓是安全带系统重要零件之一,如何防止螺栓表面腐蚀并保护外观美观是螺栓设计的重要课题之一。文章介绍了传统的螺栓紧固件表面处理技术,包括电镀锌和电镀锌镍合金,以及近年来逐步广泛使用的锌铝涂覆技术,探讨了最新的电泳涂装技术,并对这几种技术进行了对比分析,以期为汽车安全带螺栓表面处理技术的选用和设计提供参考。     

PBG70镀锌薄壁钢管及管路系统设计和试验研究

镀锌薄壁钢管及管路系统是一种轻便、耐腐蚀、价格低廉、便于移动的喷灌管道。此种管道在同外某些先进工业国家已大量生产,长期使用,它是一种比较理想的管路系统。但在我国,此种管路尚未大量生产,近一年来我们已研制出PBG70镀锌薄壁钢管系列产品,经机械性能和水力性能测试,各项指     

镀锌钝化层的研究现状

钢板在镀锌后表面要进行钝化处理,但有时会出现钝化剂的性能不稳定、钝化效果不理想的现象,致使生产不能顺利进行,钝化膜的组成及结构决定它的性能。本文综述了国内外镀锌钝化层的研究现状,从镀层金属、钝化层成膜机理、膜层结构及性能等方面进行了阐述。     

农用机械表面碳化硅电沉积涂层的耐蚀性研究

为研究农用机械底盘、外表面上碳化硅电沉积涂层的耐蚀性,根据电沉积理论,应用纳米流体电沉积技术在铁基表面制备碳化硅涂层,并对不同条件下制备的涂层在不同腐蚀环境中进行腐蚀实验,应用SEM技术对腐蚀后表面进行表征。结果表明,碳化硅电沉积涂层在酸、碱、盐环境中均表现出较强的耐蚀性,对基体表面可起到较好的防护效果。     

农机触土工作部件犁铧耐磨性能研究现状

犁铧等触土部件与土壤接触造成的磨损是其失效的主要原因。随着现代化农业机械向大型化、复合化方向发展,犁铧等触土部件的设计优化与表面改性已经成为农业工程领域研究的重点课题。介绍了犁铧等触土部件耐磨性的研究状况,对其耐磨性的研究提出了展望,以期为触土部件有关领域的工程研究和技术发展提供一定的参考。     

典型表面工程技术在农机耕作部件上的应用现状

耕地是农业生产田间作业中最基本的环节,也是消耗能量最大的作业项目。土壤耕作部件磨损严重一直是亟待解决的技术难题。耕作部件的磨损会导致土壤耕深减少,牵引阻力增加,拖拉机燃油消耗增加等问题。提高部件的耐磨性措施包括表面处理及仿生学技术。本文综述了各种表面工程技术在农机部件上的研究现状、优点及前沿趋势,为进一步研究提供理论指导。     

怎样正确选购水稻插秧机

（１）外观质量 ①检查插秧机覆盖件喷漆质量。漆膜应无脱落，漆膜表面光泽发亮，电镀件镀锌件镀层牢固无脱落。②焊接牢固可靠，无咬肉、烧穿、开焊、飞边、毛刺等缺陷。铸件表面应光滑平整，无气孔砂眼。无粘砂多肉等缺陷。连接件、非标准件应牢固齐全。③装箱清单、随机工具、易损件、备件、说明书等技术资料齐全完整。 （２）试运转检查①用手动方法转动工作部件。将主动离合器处于接合状态，变速手柄置空档，用手摇把慢慢摇动发动机（不要起动）结合插秧离合器，检查：工作部件运转情况，栽植臂不应有卡滞秧门等现象出现。②将插秧离合…     

电驱动系统轴承损伤计算分析

以常用汽车电驱动系统轴承为对象,对电驱动系统内各传动轴的扭矩、转速以及轴承载荷进行了分析计算。然后以某汽车电驱动总成结构以及实际试验场电机轴扭矩-转速谱为实例,运用MATLAB语言,并采用Lundberg-Palmgren理论计算了轴承疲劳寿命。最后基于Miner疲劳损伤累积理论,计算分析了电驱动系统各轴承部件的损伤及其合理性,总结提出了一种常用汽车电驱动系统轴承部件的损伤计算方法。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。