农村机电提灌站运转困局的解决之道——对泸州市农村机电提灌站运行情况的调查与分析

农村机电提灌站是重要的农业生产基础设施,是丘陵地区抗御旱灾的主要技术手段。随着农村体制改革的不断深入,泸州市农村机电提灌站存在的投入不足、产权不明、体制不顺、设备老化等问题日趋显现,相当数量的机电提灌站陷入运转困境,严重制约和阻碍了农业生产和农村经济的发展,谋划破解之道已成现实要务。     

丘陵地区机电提灌发展的对策建议

机电提灌设施在抗旱排涝,促进农业增产,发展农村经济中的作用明显,但多数地方的机电提灌设施存在分布不均、设备老化、管护不力、效益不佳等弊端,严重制约了农业生产和农村经济的发展。摸清丘陵地区机电提灌设施的现状,找准问题,规划、建设、管理好农村机电提灌站已迫在眉睫。     

宜宾县规范机电提灌站管理

为加强农村机电提灌站管理，充分发挥机电提灌站在农业生产、农村经济，特别是农业抗旱夺丰收作用，宜宾县农机局根据《四川省农业机械管理条例》、《四川省农村机电提灌管理条例》的有关规定，结合本县实际，逐步推进农村机电提灌站管理的法制化、规范化。第一，开展农村机电提灌站普查登记，全面掌握全县农村机电提灌站拥有量、控灌面积、技术状况及分布情况，为规范管理和合理规划提供依据，在此基础上，根据农业生产和农村经济发展需要及水源条件，按照“统筹规划，合理布局”原则，科学制定全县农村机电提灌发展规划。第二，组织对农村…     

成都市农村机电提灌站情况调查报告

成都素有“天府之国”的美誉，岷江、沱江和青农江从境内流过，世界闻名的都江堰水利工程惠及全市。然而，占全市总面积27．6％的丘陵山区和部分平坝的早片尾水灌区，农业生产、农民生活用水基本上是靠机电提灌站提永解决。成都市的机电提灌站大多存在机具老化、渠系渗漏、运行成本高的问题。为切实解决好影响丘陵地区经济发展的水问题，从2004年5月开始，成都市农机局对全市农村机电提灌站及配套渠系的情况进行了调查。     

青白江区农村机电提灌站发展现状与思考

农村机电提灌站是农田水利基本建设的重要组成部分,多年来,青白江区农村机电提灌站在抗旱保苗、促进农民增收和农业稳产高产等方面发挥了十分重要的作用。但由于权责不明、管理不善、设备老化等问题,在一定程度上影响了农村机电提灌站使用寿命和作用的发挥。笔者就推进青白江区农村机电提灌站经营管理体制改革,增强建管并重的意识进行了分析与思考。     

四川省启动农村机电提灌站经营体制改革工作

农村机电提灌站是农田水利基础设施和农村公益性基础设施的重要组成部分,为贯彻落实中央和四川省委、省政府关于创新农业经营体制机制的相关精神,推动四川省农村机电提灌站经营体制改革,经省政府领导同意,省农业厅于2013年1月专门出台了《关于农村机电提灌站经营管理体制改革的意见》     

农村机电提灌站建设思考

农村机电提灌是农田水利建设的重要内容,是确保农业增产增收的基础设施,在历年抗旱救灾战役中发挥了积极的作用,做出了显著的贡献,一直得到各级党委政府的高度重视,农村机电提灌站建设力度也越来越大,现就我在农村小型机电提灌站建设中的一些技术要点与大家分享。     

宣汉县机电提灌建设的实践与分析

农村机电提灌站是重要的农业基础设施,是现代农业的主要标志之一,在应对"十年九旱"的气候中发挥着"抗旱保丰收"的重要作用。宣汉县提灌建设起步较早,但速度明显偏慢,与现代农业发展对机电提灌的需求极不相适应。1机电提灌发展现状1)发展速度慢、规模小。截至2014年3月,全县共有排灌动力机械21388台/49474kW,其中,固定电力提灌站148处/153台/3820kW,控灌面积2864.27hm2。与达州市电力提灌站     

农村机电提灌站发展中的问题及对策

<正>1机电提灌站在"三农"中的作用机电提灌是确保农业生产能力和粮食稳产高产不可或缺的途径,是我国农业抵御严重自然灾害的有力后盾,是非灌区人畜应用水的重要保障,是促进农业产业结果优化调整强有力的手段。2农村机电提灌发展中存在的问题2.1资金投入普遍不足     

金堂白果镇以用水者协会管理机电提灌站

金堂县白果镇地处丘陵,农业生产用水主要依靠机电提灌站提水灌溉。长期以来,白果镇党委政府高度重视机电提灌站的管理,积极探索机电提灌站的运行     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.