结构用杨木单板层积材力学性能特征值的研究

根据美国ASTM D5456《结构复合木材产品评价规范》评价方法标准及美国工程木材协会PRL-501《单板层积材性能标准》,对国产杨木单板层积材力学性能进行了检测和评价分析。通过拟合优度检验,发现杨木单板层积材力学性能与对数正态分布拟合得较好。杨木单板层积材力学性能特征值的研究可为我国结构用单板层积材特征值确定方法提供参考。     

阻燃杨木碎单板条层积材研究

主要利用碎单板压制阻燃杨木单板条层积材,研究了P-N阻燃剂与酚醛树脂胶相容性及合适的热压工艺。实验结果表明:当P-N阻燃剂pH值调至10~11,阻燃剂用量为15%时,阻燃剂与胶粘剂相容性较好,随着阻燃剂用量增大,试件氧指数不断增大,内结合强度逐渐降低。较优的热压工艺为热压温度190℃,热压时间90 s/mm。     

玻璃纤维增强杨木单板层积材弯曲性能的初步研究

研究玻璃纤维对杨木单板层积材弯曲性能的增强效果.试验结果表明:玻璃纤维对杨木单板层积材的纵横向静曲强度(MOR)、弹性模量(MOE)的增强效果显著,特别是横向的MOR、MOE的增强幅度更大,横向的MOE、MOR值分别提高了79.6%、60.2%.     

杨木单板层积材足尺力学性能特征值测试分析

采用足尺测试方法,对杨木单板层积材的力学性能特征值进行测试;分析了不同生产工艺条件下,不同承载方向和不同规格尺寸的杨木单板层积材力学性能特征值的差异性。     

混合组坯对杨木单板层积材弹性常数及力学性能的影响

单板层积材具有结构均匀、强度高等优点,材料、结构、制造工艺等差异对其性能影响显著。以13层22 mm厚全顺纹、2层及3层横纹其余顺纹混合组坯的杨木单板层积材为对象,通过电测法、三点弯曲及拉伸实验,对其主要弹性常数及力学性能参数进行测试,得出以下结论:1)随着横纹层数的增加,顺纹方向的弹性模量下降,横纹方向的弹性模量增加,层积方向的弹性模量先减小后增加,单板层积材的各向异性降低;2)随着横纹层数的增加,静曲强度减小,变异性逐渐增大,进行结构设计时需更多考虑材料的性能稳定性;3)组坯方式对LVL抗拉强度的影响不大,适当增加横纹层板可提高抗拉强度;4)组坯方式对泊松比的影响较大,随着横纹层数的增加,泊松比总体降低,采用纵横混合式组坯可能有利于抵抗由拉、压载荷所造成的材料变形。     

单板接头方式对层积材力学性能的影响

由于受木段长度、旋切机等因素的限制,为了使单板层积材满足实际使用的要求,单板必须纵向接长。本文研究了对接、斜接两种单板接头形式及其分布形态对单板层积材静曲强度(MOR_F)和静曲弹性模量(MOE_F)的影响。     

单板厚度对小径柚木单板层积材力学性能的影响

采用3.00、4.50、6.00mm厚度小径柚木单板制备单板层积材(LVL),研究单板厚度对单板层积材力学性能的影响。结果表明:单板厚度对于层积材静曲强度和弹性模量有显著影响,随着单板厚度增加,静曲强度与弹性模量减小;强度均达到GB/T20241—2006《单板层积材》中不同等级要求。生产相同厚度单板层积材时应根据耗胶量与所需力学强度选择合适单板厚度,寻求成本与质量的平衡。     

人工林杨木的用途选择——实木或单板层积材

实木材性对单板层积材强度的贡献率可衡量单板层积材强度中源自实木材性的份额,是人工林杨木单项用途选择的基础。本文以３个无性系实体杨木和由３种不同厚度杨木单板分别组配的单板层积材为对象,以由贡献率引出的实木与单板层积材的份率差值为依据,研究得出人工林杨木的最终用途选择。结果表明：６９杨、７２杨和６３杨３个无性系杨木的平均份率差值分别为５７％、－１５％、－２９％,说明６９杨宜用作实木,７２杨和６３杨宜用作单板层积材;杨木用作不同组配结构的单板层积材时,实木与３５６５ｍｍ、２６１４ｍｍ、１５４５ｍｍ３种厚度单板组配的单板层积材的平均份率差值分别为４３％、－１３％和－４３％,说明实木与较厚的３５６５ｍｍ单板组配的单板层积材相比,杨木宜用作实木,与较薄的２６１４ｍｍ和１５４５ｍｍ单板组配的单板层积材相比,杨木宜用作单板层积材。不同荷载作用的结果下用途选择结果显示,在抗剪强度、弹性模量和冲击韧性３项性能上的份率差值为正,此时杨木宜用作实木;在抗弯强度、抗压强度和硬度３项性能上的份率差值为负,此时杨木则宜用作单板层积材。     

杨木单板的湿热处理对单板层积材性能的影响

杨木单板的湿热处理规律以及对杨木单板层积材性能影响的研究结果表明,单板湿热处理后产生了塑化,形成了一部分不可恢复的变形,密度平均增加了38.7%;对抗拉强度的影响不显著;对单板压缩率和膨胀率有着特别显著的影响,单板平均压缩了27.8%,经24h水浸泡,单板恢复膨胀仅18.7%.单板湿热处理后经过低压压制,可以得到与高压压制相同密度的板材,且板材的断面密度差异小,水平剪切强度提高了27.1%,静曲强度增加了17.8%,弹性模量没有显著变化,吸水厚度膨胀率降低了约10个百分点.     

玻璃纤维增强结构用单板层积材热压工艺研究

通过玻璃纤维增强速生杨木制备杨木单板层积材(LVL),可提高杨木的强度等级,使其达到结构集成材层板的使用要求。采用正交实验方法,研究温度、时间、压力、偶联剂浓度、涂胶量对杨木单板层积材弹性模量、静曲强度、剪切强度的影响,其中主要研究热压工艺对力学强度的影响,得出的最优工艺参数为:热压温度130℃、时间100s/mm、压力1.2MPa。     

层积材座椅结构稳定性模拟仿真实验

家具结构设计主要是为了保证家具在使用过程中牢固稳定.实验采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,对层积材座椅结构的稳定性进行仿真分析.结果表明,层积材座椅受力能够满足实际的受力要求,模拟仿真得到的变形图形与实际分析的变形是一致的,ABAQUS软件应用于家具结构设计的受力分析是可靠的.     

单板接缝对LVL力学性能的影响

将LVL中的单板接缝分别配置在表芯层、同一垂直面上、错开的相邻层,并对所测得的力学性能进行分析,结果表明:除最外3层同位接缝外,其他接缝板材的3点弯曲和4点弯曲静曲强度和弹性模量都大于无接缝板A。同位接缝的水平剪切强度按接缝11,5,6,7和9层递增。表背3层接缝错开对板材的静曲强度提高幅度高于芯层5层接缝错开的影响;弹性模量在表背3层随着接缝错开距离的增加而升高,随着芯层5层接缝错开距离的增加而减小。     

竹板增强单板层积材组合梁受弯性能

单板层积材加工成梁构件应用于建筑结构材时,由于材料本身的强度和刚度不足,其结构构件不能满足现代多、高层以及大跨度建筑的需求。竹集成材是原竹经过切削成竹片、低温干燥、碳化、涂胶,再同方向平面或侧面组坯、热压胶合而成的竹基复合材料,其力学性能与稳定性优于木材。将集成竹材作为增强材料用于加固单板层积材梁是一种简单有效的提高梁极限承载力的方法。通过进行竹板增强单板层积材组合梁四点弯曲试验,研究了集成竹板对单板层积材受弯性能的增强效果。结果表明,在单板层积材受弯构件上下部粘贴集成竹板可提高构件极限承载力10%～50%。同时,考虑单板层积材和集成竹材料的非线性,推导出了适用于组合梁的极限承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

密实型杨木强化单板层积材制造工艺及应用前景分析

介绍了杨木强化单板层积材的制造工艺。杨木强化单板层积材的压缩率约为15％～40％，其硬度、抗弯强度、耐水性、尺寸稳定性等指标远高于普通单板层积材，可作建筑用木梁、立柱、水泥模板、家具、门窗、地板、车厢板、集装箱板等多种材料。它是一种很好的结构用材，市场前景十分看好。     

Outdoor exposure tests of structural laminated veneer lumber (II): evaluation of the strength properties after nine years

To investigate the durability of structural laminated veneer lumber (LVL), outdoor exposure tests have been conducted since 1990 at a field-testing site at the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. This article is the second interim report on the results after 9 years of exposure. Seven kinds of structural LVL with no preservative treatment were subjected to the tests. Almost all the exposed specimens were decayed by a kind of brown rot fungi (Pseudomerulius aureus (Fr.) Julich). The degree of decay varied with wood species; grand fir and western hemlock LVL in particular showed weak resistance against the decay. All the specimens were stored for more than 1 year in a testing room conditioned at 20°C and 65% relative humidity. We then measured the ultrasonic velocity of the specimens by the Pundit method, penetration depth by the Pilodyn method, and bending strength by a conventional bending test. Correlation between nondestructive measurement factors and the density was strong even on LVL with many adhesive layers. The nondestructive testing method was found to be applicable to LVL as well as solid lumber. After the nondestructive measurements, each LVL was cut into three types of specimen (top: T, middle: M, and bottom: B) for the bending tests. The bending strength varied with the type of specimens. Correlation between modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture was strong even in the decayed specimens.     

The effect of number of joints on bending properties of laminated lumber made from poplar (Populus nigra)

Connection plays an important role in structural components and end jointing is one of the most common connections in structural applications.This study was designed to investigate some mechanical properties (MOE and MOR) of solid wood samples manufactured from poplar (Populus nigra),joined together through end jointing.As well,we studied combinations of lumber manufactured from 10-mm veneer,using a polyvinyl acetate adhesive.The results show that non-jointed lumber (control samples) have better bending properties (MOE and MOR) than jointed specimens and lumber made from laminated layers.On the whole,side-byside joints have a negative effect on the MOR and MOE of laminated products,which is more pronounced in the MOR.By increasing the number of joints,the properties of combination of three-ply,i.e.,bending strength and modulus of elasticity,decreased.     

Outdoor exposure tests of structural laminated veneer lumber I: evaluation of the physical properties after six years

To investigate the durability of structural laminated veneer lumber (LVL), outdoor exposure tests have been conducted since 1990 at a field-testing site at the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. This paper is an interim report on the results after 6 years' exposure. Seven kinds of structural LVL with no preservative treatment were subjected to the tests. These specimens were sampled at the testing site each year and then stored for more than 1 year in a testing room conditioned at 20°C and 65% relative humidity. We then measured the modulus of elasticity (MOE) by longitudinal vibration frequency, the penetration depth by the Pilodyn method, weight loss, color difference (E ^*) by the CIEL ^* a ^* b ^* system, swelling, compression strength, and bending-shear strength. Deterioration caused by outdoor exposure was obvious in the color, weight, MOE, and compressive strength of LVLs, but not in the penetration depth by the Pilodyn method or the bending-shear strength. The retention values of MOE and compressive strength after 6 years of exposure were 78% and 77%, respectively. The difference in durability among material species was not significant in general, except that heavy decay by brown rot fungi took place on some of the grand fir specimens. It should be noted that no significant delamination occurred in any of the adhesive layers, although slight checks developed on the surface of the specimens.     

树脂浸渍量对杨木单板层积材性能的影响

采用低分子量酚醛树脂浸渍处理的杨木单板制备单板层积材(LVL),探讨浸渍方式对单板树脂浸渍量和LVL性能的影响.结果表明:在常温常压和加压条件下,浸渍量均随浸泡时间的延长而增加;浸渍量增大,LVL性能提高.当浸渍量为168%时,弹性模量和静曲强度分别达到日本JAS SIS-24《结构单板层积材》标准中140E级和180E级要求.