伊宁市犬猫弓形虫病流行病学调查

[目的]探明刚地弓形虫在伊宁市宠物犬猫、流浪犬、散养猫中的感染情况及流行特点。[方法]分别采用动物弓形虫Ig G抗体检测试剂盒(酶联免疫吸附试验)及弓形虫抗体快速诊断试纸(免疫色谱分析法)对不同生活状态、不同年龄、不同季节的440份犬猫血清样品进行抗体检测。[结果]酶联免疫吸附试验检测阳性率为20.23%(89/440),宠物犬阳性率为15.50%(31/200),宠物猫阳性率为10.00%(2/20),流浪犬阳性率为24.00%(48/200),流浪猫阳性率为40.00%(8/20),流浪犬阳性率显著高于宠物犬(P0.05),散养猫阳性率显著高于宠物猫(P0.05);第二季度犬的感染率最高,为27.00%(27/100),与第一季度差异显著(P0.05);1岁以内犬组与6岁以上犬组差异极显著(P0.01),1~3岁与6岁以上犬组差异显著(P0.05);弓形虫抗体快速诊断试纸(免疫色谱分析法)检测阳性率为21.14%,与酶联免疫吸附试验检测方法差异不显著(P0.05)。[结论]伊宁市犬猫弓形虫抗体阳性率处于较高水平,阳性率高低与犬猫年龄、生活状态以及季节性等因素有关。     

γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法在广西牛结核病流行病学调查中的应用

【目的】摸清广西水牛及奶牛结核病的流行情况,为制定净化广西牛结核病防制策略提供参考。【方法】2008～2011年采用皮内变态反应和γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法联合对广西奶牛及水牛开展结核病流行病学调查,共检疫5478头奶牛和1580头奶水牛。【结果】2008～2011年从广西南宁、柳州、北海、钦州、桂林等市累积检测出皮内变态反应阳性奶牛63头、水牛17头,阳性检出率分别为1.15％和1.08％,总体上广西奶牛及水牛结核病阳性率呈现逐年降低的趋势。通过采用自制水γ－干扰素EusA检测试剂盒和Bovigam牛结核分枝杆菌γ-干扰素检测试剂盒对牛结核病进行检测,发现γ-干扰素ELISA检测的牛结核病阳性率低于皮内变态反应,且准确度高。【结论】对牛群进行结核病检测时,先以变态反应检疫牛群,再结合γ-干扰素ELISA检测进行综合判断,更有利于牛结核病的检测与净化。     

酶联免疫印迹对弓形虫抗原组分的研究

用酶联免疫印迹对弓形虫抗原组分分析的结果显示：经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ后的弓形虫抗原组分分别为１．７８ＫＤ，２１．３ＫＤ，３０ＫＤ，３６．５ＫＤ，３９．１ＫＤ和５０．２ＫＤ。电转印至硝酸纤维膜上的各抗原组分，用ＥＬＩＢ分析，弓形虫感染宿主的血清能与抗原组分蛋白起反应，其中３９．１ＫＤ和２１．３ＫＤ分子量组分蛋白带色显色最深，提示这二种组分蛋白是弓形虫ＩｇＧ抗体识别的主要组分蛋白，而对照血清与各组分蛋白为     

弓形虫ES抗原激活免疫细胞的作用

12只经弓形虫 IHA检测为阴性的山羊 ,ESA和 TLA分别免疫 2次 ,用强毒虫株攻虫 ,进行体温测定 ,在整个试验期内检测了外周血免疫细胞的变化。结果发现 ,外周血白细胞总数攻虫后下降 ;淋巴细胞攻虫后百分率上升 ,ESA组显著地高于 TLA组 ;用 ESA和 TLA免疫可诱导嗜酸性粒细胞出现及迟发性超敏反应的发生 ;ESA免疫可使 T细胞数增加 ,使 T细胞的活性增强 ;攻虫的结果表明 ,ESA免疫获得了对接种感染的免疫。     

Immunity and intracellular infection: resistance to bacteria in mice infected with a protozoan

Mice infected with the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii for periods of as long as 7 months were resistant to challenge with numbers of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium that were uniformly lethal to normal mice. This resistance did not appear to depend on the strain of toxoplasma employed or the route of inoculation of either toxoplasma or bacteria. Onset of immunity to listeria was demonstrable as early as 1 to 2 days after infection with toxoplasma. Resistance to toxoplasma was not demonstrable in mice immune to listeria. Interferon did not appear to be a mediator of the immunity observed in toxoplasma-infected mice.     

Cell-to-cell transfer of interferon-induced antiproliferative activity

Interferon-treated cells rapidly and efficiently transferred the antiproliferative activity of interferon to untreated cells. This phenomenon was not due to the carry-over of interferon by the interferon-treated cells. Thus, to evoke an antiproliferative state, interferon did not directly contact each cell in a population. The results suggest a novel mechanism by which interferon may indirectly regulate cell growth, and suggests that cells other than those of the immune system may play a role in controlling tumor growth in tissue where cell-to-cell contact occurs.     

中西药治疗人工感染弓形虫病比较试验

为了筛选有效治疗弓形虫病的中药,采用人工感染弓形虫病的方法,进行了8批中西药对比治疗试验和生物回归试验。结果表明:从12种中药及配方中筛选出了AT10、AT20、AT10+203种安全、有效的药物或配方,对滋养体杀灭率达96.95%~100%。其中AT20、AT10+20仅对滋养体有效,AT10对滋养体、包囊均有效。     

北京市房山区宠物犬猫弓形虫病流行病学调查

弓形虫疾病是一种严重的人兽共患病,可感染所有哺乳动物和鸟类。猫是弓形虫的终末宿主,通过粪便排出的弓形虫卵囊是重要的传染源。选取北京市房山区的犬、猫进行血清弓形虫抗体 IgG的筛查,不同年龄段家养犬的感染率为 10.3%～ 18.5%,家养猫为 6.7%～ 25%;流浪犬为 23.3%,流浪猫为 40%。从结果上看,流浪犬、猫的感染率明显高于家养犬、猫,随着年龄的增长,犬、猫感染率有一定程度的上升趋势且与其性别无直接关系。     

弓形虫强毒株人工接种仔猪淋巴器官的动态病理形态学

以弓形虫强毒株静脉接种2—3月龄仔猪的结果表明,仔猪感染弓形虫强毒株后,淋巴结的动态病理过程表现为单纯性、坏死性和增生性淋巴结炎的变化规律,并可见肺门淋巴结损伤较其他淋巴器官为重。在疾病经过的严重期,淋巴结、脾、胸腺和骨髓的淋巴细胞数量均显著减少,同时,淋巴细胞的超微结构发生由胞膜突起、凹陷和断裂到染色质的聚集、崩解等不同程度的质的改变。从免疫形态学上表明,在恢复期病例,体内出现了体液免疫和细胞免疫。文中还详细描述了巨噬细胞与虫体的相互作用在不同阶段细胞超微结构变化特点,以及巨噬细胞、浆细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞等免疫活性细胞的消长规律。     

Interferon and c-ets-1 genes in the translocation (9;11)(p22;q23) in human acute monocytic leukemia

Gene probes for interferons alpha and beta 1 and v-ets were hybridized to metaphase chromosomes from three patients with acute monocytic leukemia who had a chromosomal translocation, t(9;11)(p22;q23). The break in the short arm of chromosome 9 split the interferon genes, and the interferon-beta 1 gene was translocated to chromosome 11. The c-ets-1 gene was translocated from chromosome 11 to the short arm of chromosome 9 adjacent to the interferon genes. No DNA rearrangement was observed when these probes were hybridized to genomic DNA from leukemic cells of two of the patients. The results suggest that the juxtaposition of the interferon and c-ets-1 genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of human monocytic leukemia.     

Molecular weight of human gamma interferon is similar to that of other human interferons

The molecular weight (as determined by molecular sieve chromatography) of human gamma interferon, formerly referred to as immune or type II interferon, is between 40,000 and 70,000. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gamma interferon activity was recovered mainly from two regions of the gels corresponding to molecular weights of 20,000 and 25,000. The results suggest that in native form human gamma interferon may be aggregated.     

鸡重组α干扰素与鸡重组γ干扰素抗新城疫病毒活性研究

将鸡IFN-α和IFN-γ原核表达产物经Ni2＋-NTA亲和层析法纯化,进行SDS-PAGE分析,再将纯化并已测定浓度的鸡重组IFN-α和IFN-γ稀释到1/10倍;用细胞病变抑制法检测重组表达蛋白的抗新城疫病毒活性,并利用感染病毒的鸡胚来测定鸡重组表达蛋白的抗病毒活性。结果显示,SDS-PAGE可检测到相对分子质量为25kU左右的蛋白条带,纯化的鸡IFN-α和IFN-γ抗新城疫病毒复制的活性分别为4.32×103 U/mg和2.65×103 U/mg;当鸡IFN-α和IFN-γ的比例为125∶1时,其联合抗新城疫病毒复制的活性最佳。抗鸡胚感染病毒活性的测定结果表明,与病毒对照组相比,IFN-α和IFN-γ及IFN-α和γ联合组,HA滴度都有明显的降低;并且从鸡胚的平均死亡时间上,联合干扰素对新城疫病毒的抑制作用更强于单个干扰素的应用。这证明了鸡IFN-α、IFN-γ及其联合干扰素对新城疫病毒的复制有明显的抑制作用。     

弓形虫病病原的实验诊断研究进展

综述了诊断弓形虫病的方法,包括血清学试验、核酸检测(如PCR)、组织学检测寄生虫和/或其抗原(如免疫过氧化酶染色)或组织分离。其他较少使用的方法包括细胞培养、动物接种、弓形虫皮肤试验和抗原特异性淋巴细胞转化试验。论述了细胞培养、动物接种、血清学方法和核酸检测方法检测弓形虫的研究进展。     

宠物(犬、猫)弓形虫病流行病学调查

本实验旨在了解弓形虫病在宠物(犬、猫)体内的感染情况,2011年1-12月,在北京市部分地区的27个大中型动物医院,随机抽取犬、猫血清样品1 082份,进行犬猫弓形虫病的流行病学调查。调查结果显示,1 082份犬、猫血清,阳性样品共有16份,阳性率为1.50%。其中犬血清906份,阳性样品9份,阳性率为1.00%;猫血清176份,阳性样品7份,阳性率为4.00%。     

犊黄牛弓形虫病淋巴器官的病理学研究

本试验用9头犊黄牛皮接种10^8个弓形虫速殖子，另用两头做对照；犊牛分别于接种后第3、6和12天剖检，每次3头。剖检后分别对其主要淋巴器官进行肉眼、光镜和电镜观察，结果表明：弓形虫能引起试验牛的淋巴结和脾脏明显的病理变化。其病变现程发展分别表现为单纯性淋巴结炎和脾炎、坏死性淋巴结炎和脾炎及增生性淋巴结炎和脾炎；浸润的细胞以嗜酸性粒细胞为主。在所检淋巴器官中，以门淋巴结病变最严重。胸腺在初、中期以皮质淋巴细胞减少和大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为特征。因而表明弓形虫对宿主淋巴结、脾脏及胸腺等免疫器官有广泛的毒害作用。     

Interferon production and action in mouse, hamster and somatic hybrid mouse-hamster cells

A hybrid mouse-hamster cell line was developed from a mouse cell line which produces a high titer of interferon and is sensitive to its action, and a hamster cell line which produces little interferon and is relatively insensitive to its action. Parental cell lines demonstrated complete species specificity with respect to interferon production and action. The hybrid cells produced interferon (or interferons) effective when tested on the mouse cell line and primary hamster cells; the hybrids were sensitive to the action of both mouse and hamster interferons. Hybrid cells produced ten times more hamster interferon than the parent hamster cell line and were eight times more sensitive to hamster interferon than the parent hamster cell line.     

ChIFN-α基因在烟草中的表达及转基因烟草对TMV的抗性

动物α干扰素具有高效广谱的抗病毒作用,通过农杆菌介导法将35S驱动的干扰素基因ChIFN-α转化烟草,Southern杂交和Western杂交进行目的基因的转化、表达检测,重组蛋白的数量通过ELISA测定,对获得的转基因烟草植株进行TMV接种实验,结果表明ChIFN-α基因的转化赋予了转基因烟草对TMV的抗性,进一步的荧光定量PCR差异表达检测结果表明,该抗性可能与转基因烟草体内防卫基因PR-la、抗病N基因和信号转导MAPK基因受到上调表达有关。     

Virus-induced corticosterone in hypophysectomized mice: a possible lymphoid adrenal axis

Infection of hypophysectomized mice with Newcastle disease virus caused a time-dependent increase in corticosterone and interferon production. Prior treatment with dexamethasone completely inhibited the virus-induced elevation in corticosterone concentration, but did not significantly alter the interferon response. Lymphocytes appear to be the most likely source of an adrenocorticotropin-like substance that is responsible for the increased corticosterone, since spleen cells from the virus-infected, but not from control or dexamethasone-treated, hypophysectomized mice showed positive immunofluorescence with antibody to adrenocorticotropin-(1-13 amide). Thus the adrenocorticotropin-like material and interferon appear to be coordinately induced the differentially controlled products of different genes. These findings strongly suggest the existence of a lymphoid-adrenal axis.     

肉牛泰勒虫病继发弓形虫病的诊断与治疗

对临床自然病例进行颈静脉采血,按常规制作血液涂片,Giemsa氏染色,油镜下观察和研究,结果表明：许多红细胞感染有1～3个数量不等的环形泰勒虫,以1个的为最多,含有2个虫体的红细胞较少,偶尔可见到含有3个虫体的红细胞。同时,在红细胞之间可看到弓形虫的速殖体,细胞外的柯赫氏蓝体。在一些单核细胞的胞质中,可看到由许多速殖体聚集在一起所形成的假囊。通过临床症状、剖检变化和实验室检查能够对该病及时做出确切诊断,为有效治疗和预防该病的发生提供了科学依据。     

安徽部分地区猪弓形虫病的血清学调查研究

为了解安徽地区猪感染弓形虫病的情况,从安徽省部分地区养殖场(户)采取猪血清1 227份,采用间接血凝试验(IHA)检测弓形虫抗体。结果显示:平均阳性率为24.29%,表明安徽地区猪弓形虫病普遍存在。其发生与流行与养殖月份和养殖规模相关。