鹦鹉的人工孵化与育雏研究

2016年2月19日上海动物园收容救助一批鹦鹉卵,对其进行人工孵化与育雏研究。鹦鹉卵27枚,其中受精卵25枚。在孵化温度36.9℃、湿度65%～70%和翻蛋1次/2 h的条件下,出雏23羽,出雏率达到了92%。通过对鹦鹉雏鸟进行温湿度管理、食物选择、饲喂方式和断奶期管理,育成鹦鹉22羽,育成率达到了95.65%。经鉴定,此次收容救助鹦鹉包括折衷鹦鹉、灰鹦鹉、黄冠亚马逊鹦鹉、蓝黄金刚鹦鹉、绯红金刚鹦鹉、戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉、葵花凤头鹦鹉和小葵花凤头鹦鹉共8种。     

蓝眼巴丹鹦鹉东方窄体吸虫病诊治

蓝眼巴丹鹦鹉(Blue-eyed Cockatoo),又名蓝眼凤头鹦鹉,是极珍稀品种,原产于巴布亚新几内亚东岸毕斯马克群岛的新不列颠岛以及新爱尔兰岛。东方窄体吸虫(学名:Lyperosomum orientale)为双腔科窄体属的动物,分布于北京、福州等地,营寄生生活,终末宿主白腰灼鹬,寄生于肝脏以及胆管。关于蓝眼巴丹鹦鹉的疾病报道极少,关于蓝眼巴丹鹦鹉     

青海省称多县野生狐狸肠道绦虫感染调查及虫种鉴定

为了了解称多县野生狐狸肠道绦虫的感染情况,试验剖检8只野生狐狸,收集狐狸肌肉、肝脏及肠道绦虫,所有虫体逐条计数、登记;提取狐狸DNA,采用DNA条形码技术对狐狸的种属进行鉴定;采用苏木素染色法对收集到的虫体进行染色,提取绦虫DNA,PCR扩增细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ基因(CO1)部分区域,测序并鉴定虫体。结果表明:8只狐狸全部为藏狐;经苏木素染色及PCR检测鉴定,收集到的绦虫有4种,分别为多房棘球绦虫、石渠棘球绦虫、线中绦虫、带状带绦虫。     

鹦鹉的巴氏杆菌病

某动物园一对鹦鹉与幼孔雀同舍饲养,一九八○年八月的一天早晨,发现一只公鹦鹉突然死亡。剖检时见肝脏肿大,表面有弥漫性针头大小的灰白色坏死点。胆囊肿大,充满胆汁。脾脏肿大,表面有弥漫性灰白色针头大小坏死病灶。肺郁血有出血点和出血斑。心内外膜、胸膜点状出血。十二指肠肿大,肠粘膜出血。其他肠道也有充血出血现象,睾丸充血。取肝脏作组织触片,用美蓝染色,     

笼养鹦鹉啄羽症治疗及体会

<正>啄羽症是笼养鹦鹉常见的一种疾病,临床中常见自啄羽毛和被啄羽毛2种情况,但尚未发现同一个体同时发生自啄和被啄羽毛的情况。该病发病原因比较复杂,主要包括营养、心理及笼舍环境等。1发病及治疗情况笔者根据近2年临床诊治案例,发现发病鹦鹉主要集中于非洲灰鹦鹉、葵花凤头鹦鹉、牡丹鹦鹉、太阳鹦鹉及和尚鹦鹉。发病的非洲灰鹦鹉、葵花凤头鹦鹉通常自啄羽毛,一般啄去胸腹部、双腿内侧及前侧、翅膀内侧等部位羽毛,严重时会导致皮肤外伤;牡丹鹦鹉、太阳鹦鹉及和尚鹦鹉等小型鹦鹉     

人工养殖鹦鹉肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

本文采用粪便直接涂片、浮聚和麦克马斯特法,对采自广州市番禺区欢乐鸟场的17种共183个鹦鹉粪便样品进行了肠道寄生虫感染率反感染强度调查。先后进行了两次采样,检查结果显示：该鸟场养殖的鹦鹉总肠道寄生虫感染率为38．3％。其中吸虫感染比较普遍,感染率达19．1％,其次是绦虫,感染率为10．4％o,线虫和原生动物的感染率分别为9．3％和5．5％。感染强度EPG值随寄生虫和鹦鹉种的不同,在300到2400之间不等。调查中没有发现球虫感染,鉴于调查结果建议对鸟场阳性感染鹦鹉进行针对性驱虫。     

嗜水气单胞菌感染大鲵的病理组织学观察

为研究嗜水气单胞菌对中国大鲵组织细胞造成的病理影响,对感染嗜水气单胞菌致死的大鲵样本进行病理组织切片及H.E.染色,以观察嗜水气单胞菌对大鲵各组织器官造成的病理损伤。结果显示,大鲵病理样本中肝脏、肾脏、脾脏等均有严重的病理变化,多数组织器官出现不同程度的坏死、出血、淤血及充血;胃、肠道黏膜脱落;肝索排列紊乱,肝细胞核溶解、碎裂;脾脏内红髓、白髓减少;肺脏部分肌纤维空泡变性;肾小管上皮细胞脱落;胰脏中可见多量炎性细胞;肠肌肉层与浆膜层间隙增大。     

环境丰容在鹦鹉展区中的应用

2007年12月～2008年8月,通过进行笼内环境生态化布置、改变食物投喂方式、投放玩具等方式,对上海动物园葵花凤头鹦鹉实施了丰容试验,并通过对3只葵花凤头鹦鹉的行为观察进行了丰容效果的评价。结果表明：丰容促进了鹦鹉身体各部位协调性;休息行为减少,活动行为增加;异常行为减少;丰容区域利用率大于非丰容区。针对动物园鹦鹉饲养中存在的一些问题,本文提出了几点建议：保证视线无障碍设施的防撞、防逃逸、通风、保洁＇加强饲养员的专业知识培训和责任性教育i针对不同物种采取不同丰容方式并定期维护及更换丰容设施;经常开展国际交流,提升丰容水平等。     

鸭淀粉样变的病理学诊断

为了提高对淀粉样变性的临床诊断能力,加深对组织学病变的认识。分析鸭全身性淀粉样变的临床特点,对病理组织进行刚果红、H.E.染色。病鸭肝、肠道、脾、肾、关节及胰腺经刚果红和H.E.染色在血管周围及细胞外均出现不同程度的均质红染。其中以肝脏、脾脏、肠道红染的组织最多,胰腺、关节次之,肾脏最少。表明淀粉样物质在肝脏、肠道等内脏器官的沉积是鸭死亡的直接原因。     

大型鹦鹉传染性真菌病的治疗

北方某动物园饲养的大型鹦鹉包括琉璃金刚、红金刚、芙蓉鹦鹉、葵花鹦鹉、折衷鹦鹉、灰鹦鹉、红丽鹦鹉,由于冬季室外气温较低(-4℃～-10℃),将其收回笼舍内饲养.舍内光线较差,阴暗潮湿,导致鹦鹉发病,介绍如下.     

猪德尔塔冠状病毒感染对初生仔猪小肠杯状细胞数量及Hes1和MUC2表达的影响

旨在探讨猪德尔塔冠状病毒(PDCoV)感染仔猪对小肠杯状细胞(goblet cell,GC)的影响,将6头未吃初乳的初生仔猪静养2 d后随机分为感染组(n = 3)和对照组(n=3),感染组仔猪口服接种5 mL 1×105 TCID50·mL-1 PDCoV-CHN-HG-2017毒株,对照组仔猪口服5 mL DMEM...     

Evaluation of tongue as a complementary sample for the diagnosis of parvoviral infection in dogs and cats.

Diagnosis of canine parvovirus type 2 and feline panleukopenia virus infection in dogs and cats may be hampered by the severity of enteric lesions, secondary bacterial overgrowth, and rapid onset of autolysis. In contrast to small intestine, tongue epithelium is less sensitive to postmortem changes. Sections of tongue and small intestine from 11 dogs and 11 cats with a clinical history and gross and microscopic lesions compatible with canine and feline parvoviral infection were examined for parvoviral infection using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and direct fluorescent antibody testing (FA). Parvoviral DNA was detected by PCR in both small intestine and tongue of all but 1 dog. Nineteen of 22 animals (86%) with suspect or positive FA staining in the small intestine also had positive FA and IHC staining in the tongue. Three of 3 dogs (100%) whose carcasses had been frozen and thawed prior to necropsy had more consistently positive staining in tongue than in small intestine by FA and IHC. These data confirm tongue as an excellent complementary sample for parvoviral testing in dogs and cats, especially in cases in which postmortem autolysis has occurred.     

Immunohistochemical staining of chlamydial antigen in emerald tree boas (Corallus caninus).

Of 120 privately owned captive-bred and wild-collected emerald tree boas (ETBs) (Corallus caninus), 97 died or were euthanatized. Eighteen snakes were necropsied, and tissues were collected from all major organs and processed for light microscopy. Histologic examination demonstrated histiocytic granulomas in the small intestine, heart, and esophageal tonsils of one ETB, small intestine of a second ETB, and in an esophageal tonsil of a third ETB. Within the center of these granulomas, small, basophilic, punctate organisms were demonstrated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Transmission electron microscopic examination of an intestinal granuloma demonstrated developmental stages of organisms consistent with members of the family Chlamydiaceae. An immunoperoxidase staining technique and 2 different commercially available monoclonal antibodies against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide antigen was used to identify chlamydial antigen in these lesions. Liver of a puff adder (Bitis arietans) with previously reported systemic chlamydiosis served as the positive control. Both monoclonal antibodies stained antigen in these granulomas. Additionally, macrophages within aggregates of lymphoplasmacytic cells in the colon, small intestine, and esophageal tonsils of 3 other ETBs contained antigen. Although both antibodies labeled antigen in serial sections of tissue, a difference in staining intensity was noted.     

An immunohistochemical study of S-100 protein in the intestinal tract of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis

The present work describes the distribution of S-100 protein in the intestinal tract of a Chinese soft-shelled turtle specimen (Pelodiscus sinensis). S-100 protein positive cells were located in the intestinal tract, from the proximal small to distal large intestine. S-100 protein positive dendritic cells had irregular shape and were positive in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Most of them were located both lamina propria and submucosa in the small intestine, while few were found in the large intestine. S-100 protein, C-kit positive ICCs and Silver staining glial cells were predominantly observed in three locations: (1) in the interspace between the submucosa and circular muscle layer; (2) in the circular muscle layer; and (3) between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the intestine. Fewer were found in the large intestinal lamina propria and submucosa. Three types of positive cells (S-100 protein positive cells, C-kit positive ICCs and Silver staining glial cells) with 1–2 long or 2–3 short processes were distributed as lace-like or surrounding blood vessels in the different locations mentioned above. In the lamina propria, all the positive cells with irregular processes were connected with each other and formed a network. In the submucosa, all the positive cells were found surrounding the blood vessels.     

An immunohistochemical study of S-100 protein in the intestinal tract of Chinese soft-shelled turtle,Pelodiscus sinensis

The present work describes the distribution of S-100 protein in the intestinal tract of a Chinese soft-shelled turtle specimen (Pelodiscus sinensis). S-100 protein positive cells were located in the intestinal tract, from the proximal small to distal large intestine. S-100 protein positive dendritic cells had irregular shape and were positive in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Most of them were located both lamina propria and submucosa in the small intestine, while few were found in the large intestine. S-100 protein, C-kit positive ICCs and Silver staining glial cells were predominantly observed in three locations: (1) in the interspace between the submucosa and circular muscle layer; (2) in the circular muscle layer; and (3) between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the intestine. Fewer were found in the large intestinal lamina propria and submucosa. Three types of positive cells (S-100 protein positive cells, C-kit positive ICCs and Silver staining glial cells) with 1–2 long or 2–3 short processes were distributed as lace-like or surrounding blood vessels in the different locations mentioned above. In the lamina propria, all the positive cells with irregular processes were connected with each other and formed a network. In the submucosa, all the positive cells were found surrounding the blood vessels.     

Lectin histochemical investigations of the distal gut of chicks with special emphasis on the follicle-associated epithelium

Carbohydrates on epithelial cell surfaces play an important role as attachment sites for different microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and protozoa. To obtain more information about the distribution of carbohydrates on the luminal surface along the intestine, lectin histochemical studies on different gut segments of chicks of different age groups were carried out using a panel of 13 lectins with specificities for Man, Glc, Gal, GalNAc, GlcNAc or GlcNAc oligosaccharides and Sia. Furthermore, we tried to find out whether previously reported specificities of certain lectins for M cells (membranous or multifold cells) in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) can be observed also on M cells of the intestine. As a result we were able to demonstrate binding of all lectins employed in these studies in all investigated gut segments. In some cases, the application of the same lectin led to varying staining intensities of the same histological structures in different age-groups (e.g. staining of the brush border with WGA, LEA, MAA or Conarva) or different gut segments (e.g. staining of goblet cells with CMA II, LEA and MPA). Hence, terminal carbohydrate residues of glycoconjugates on the intestinal epithelium vary depending on age and organ site. As glycoconjugates can act as attachment sites for microorganisms, these differences in the distribution of sugar residues may be one explanation for the site-specificity of certain pathogens. Furthermore, the binding of lectins to the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of the BF differs from that to the FAE of the intestine again stressing the site specificity of lectin binding. Thus, up to now no universal M-cell marker along the chicken intestine exists.     

Immunohistochemical Differentiation and Clinicopathological Features of Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and Leiomyosarcomas

Introduction:  Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and leiomyosarcomas (LMS) have recently been differentiated by immunohistochemical staining techniques and have been shown to have different biological behaviors in humans. Expression of the c‐kit protein, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, occurs in nearly all GISTs. The aim of this study was to differentiate canine GIST from LMS, and to compare their clinicopathological features.
Methods:  Archived blocks of previously diagnosed LMS were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against c‐kit, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, vimentin and S100 was performed. GISTs were diagnosed based on positive c‐kit staining. LMS were diagnosed based on absence of c‐kit staining and positive SMA staining. Follow‐up information was obtained from medical records and telephone interviews with owners.
Results:  Forty‐two dogs were included in the study. Mean age was 10.9 yrs (range 5–15 yrs). There were 18 females and 24 males. Twenty‐eight tumors were GISTs, 10 were LMS and 4 stained negatively for c‐kit, SMA and S100 (sarcomas). GISTs were more likely to occur in the large intestine and LMS were more common in the small intestine (p = 0.01). All were surgically excised and only two were treated with adjunctive chemotherapy. Only two GISTs and one sarcoma had metastasized at the time of surgery. Survival time in dogs discharged after surgery for GIST, LMS and sarcomas was 1123, 233 and 88 days respectively (p = 0.08).
Conclusions:  Many previously diagnosed LMS should be reclassified as GIST based on the results of immunohistochemical staining. The biological behavior of these tumors appears to be different.     

4个品种肉牛小肠绒毛结构的差异性研究

为了研究不同品种肉牛小肠黏膜绒毛结构的差异性,试验采用石蜡切片和H.E.染色方法对4个不同品种成年肉牛的小肠绒毛结构进行组织学观察,并利用显微图像分析技术和统计学方法进行比较。结果表明:西门塔尔牛的绒毛长度最长,与夏洛莱牛比较差异不显著(P>0.05),与草原红牛和利木赞牛比较均差异极显著(P<0.01);草原红牛的绒毛宽度最大,与夏洛莱牛和西门塔尔牛比较均差异不显著(P>0.05),而与利木赞牛比较差异均极显著(P<0.01);草原红牛的隐窝深度最深,与其他品种牛比较差异均极显著(P<0.01);夏洛莱牛的绒毛长度/隐窝深度(V/C)值最大,与利木赞牛和西门塔尔牛比较均不显著(P>0.05),与草原红牛比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。说明不同品种肉牛性成熟时期小肠黏膜的绒毛结构存在不同程度的差异,预示着不同品种肉牛的消化吸收能力、饲料利用率、生长速度等生产性能存在差异。     

Comparison Study on Effects of Three Chinese Herbal Medicine on Intestinal Morphology in Weaning Piglets

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of three Chinese herbal medicine (medicated leaven, hawthorn, fructus hordei germinates) on histomorphology of different parts of small intestine in weaning piglets.40 28-day old ternary pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with the body weight (8.13±1.32)kg were divided into four groups, control group, medicated leaven group, hawthorn group and fructus hordei germinates group, and feeding with 1% Chinese herbal medicine, there were two repeats in each group and each repeat had 5 piglets, slaughtering and sampling at 7th and 14th day morning, respectively, sections were used for HE staining.The staining tissues were taken pictures under a microscope camera (200×) and measured VH, CD, IWT and V/C in different parts of small intestine with Image-Pro Plus.The result showed that the IWH of ileum in medicated leaven group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.05;P<0.01).The VH and IWT of duodenum and jejunum at 7th day in hawthorn group were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01);The IWT of ileum and the VH of ileum at 14th day were extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.01).In fructus hordei germinates group, the VH of duodenum and jejunum at 7th day and IWT of jejunum were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01);The CD of ileum at 7th day, the IWT of duodenum and ileum at 7th day were extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.01).The effects of different simple Chinese herbal medicine on histomorphology of different parts of small intestine in piglets were different, because of the different digestive functions of small intestine, the most effects of Chinese herbal medicine an duodenum, jejunum and ileum were fructus hordei germinates, medicated leaven and hawthorn, respectively.     

3种中草药对断奶仔猪小肠形态学影响的比较研究

本研究旨在比较神曲、麦芽、山楂3种助消化中草药对断奶仔猪小肠不同部位组织形态学的影响。本试验以杜长大三元猪为研究对象,选取40头28日龄、体重为(8.13±1.32)kg断奶仔猪,添加1%的中草药饲喂,分空白组、神曲组、麦芽组、山楂组,每组两个重复,每重复5头,分别在试验第7和14天早晨空腹屠宰取样,经HE染色,200×显微镜下照相,用Image-Pro Plus软件测定小肠各段绒毛高度(VH)、隐窝深度(CD)、肠壁厚度(IWT)、绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(V/C)。结果显示,神曲组在回肠段的IWT显著或极显著高于空白组(P<0.05;P<0.01);第7天时山楂组的十二指肠和空肠的VH和IWT均极显著低于空白组(P<0.01),回肠段的IWT和第14天回肠段VH均极显著高于空白组(P<0.01);第7天的麦芽组十二指肠和空肠VH及空肠IWT均极显著低于空白组(P<0.01),第7天的回肠段CD及十二指肠和回肠段IWT均极显著高于空白组(P<0.01)。不同单味中草药对仔猪小肠不同部位组织形态学的影响不同,源于肠道消化物质的功能不同,对十二指肠、空肠、回肠影响最大的分别是麦芽、山楂、神曲。