门源县皇城乱海子草原牦牛绦虫病的调查报告

牦牛绦虫病是由裸头科(Anoplocephalidae)的莫尼次绦虫、曲子宫绦虫和无卵黄腺绦虫寄生在小肠里所引起的.其中以莫尼次绦虫致病力最强,主要危害羔羊和犊牛,可引起患畜死亡.牛绦虫成虫寄生在人体小肠,呈长面条形,乳白色,可分头节、颈节及     

宁夏西海固地区棘球绦虫感染的流行病学调查

为了解宁夏西吉、海原和原州区(简称西海固地区)的棘球绦虫的感染情况,用PCR方法检测犬粪中棘球绦虫DNA,用ELISA法检测B超筛查阴性的青少年儿童血清中抗棘球绦虫特异抗体(反映周围环境棘球绦虫卵的污染)。采用SPSS20.0统计分析资料,2检验比较不同组间阳性率的差异。结果显示,西海固地区,在检查的2 175份犬粪中,细粒棘球绦虫(E.g-DNA)阳性率分别为9.87%、6.10%、7.00%;多房棘球绦虫(E.m-DNA)阳性率分别为6.40%、1.52%、3.37%。在检查的5 706份人血清中,抗E.g抗体阳性率分别为45.46%、36.23%、42.18%,抗E.m抗体阳性率分别为8.38%、7.03%、20.48%。从终末宿主(狗)感染率和人血清抗体阳性率(非生活史中间宿主)可以证明两型棘球绦虫在该地区的传播流行非常活跃。     

犬猫绦虫病的诊治

寄生于犬、猫小肠内的绦虫种类很多,犬、猫是其终末宿主,绦虫成虫对犬、猫的健康危害很大,它们的幼虫大多以其他动物(或人)为中间宿主,各种动物间可相互感染,严重危害家畜和人体健康。1绦虫种类1.1犬绦虫(犬复孔绦虫、瓜实绦虫)寄生于犬、猫的小肠内,偶见于人。虫体呈淡红色,长     

猪绦虫病的防治

猪绦虫病是由猪带绦虫成虫寄生在人体小肠所引起的一种肠绦虫病。猪带绦虫也称猪肉绦虫、链状带绦虫或有钩绦虫。我国古代医书称寸白虫或白虫,并已明白吃生肉是得绦虫病的原因。它是我国主要人体寄生绦虫。人在猪带绦虫生活史中既是终末宿主也是中间宿主。猪带绦虫成虫寄生在人体肠道为肠猪带绦虫病,其幼虫寄生在人皮下组织、肌肉、脑等器官内侧为猪囊尾蚴病(囊虫病)。囊虫病是人体重要的寄生虫病之一。     

猪囊虫罕见寄生病例

猪囊虫是人体的猪带绦虫(有钩绦虫)的幼虫,猪吃了有钩绦虫病人的粪卵所污染的饮水或食物而被感染,人吃了未煮熟的猪囊虫病猪肉而患有钩绦虫病,彼此相互传染.     

吡喹酮治疗猪脑囊虫疗效试验

吡喹酮(Praziquantel)代号 Embay8440,简称8440)为70年代新兴的一种广谱、高效、低毒抗蠕虫新药,首先由Thomas 等(1975)报告为一种有效的驱绦虫药。近年国内己陆续应用于治疗人畜血吸虫、姜片虫、肝吸虫、肺吸虫等所致的各种吸虫病。猪囊虫在我国东北、华北、内蒙等地以及全国各地是一种危害人体健康并造成畜产经济损失较大的人所共知的一种人体绦虫幼虫病,该病以往尚无特效药物治疗,尤其是当人体感染囊虫时,除在皮下、肌肉等部寄生外,常发生大脑寄生,引起严重的脑症状,给患者带来很大痛苦。本试验的目的:试图通过对猪体上的囊虫(特别是脑囊虫)作试治与疗效检验,为消除人体囊虫病打下初步基础。现将试     

棘球蚴病及囊尾蚴病免疫预防的研究现状

在许多国家和地区,棘球蚴病(包虫病)及囊尾蚴病对人体健康仍是一个严重的威胁。现行的依赖于改变人们生活习惯而控制这些疾病的方法实施起来困难很大。对受感染动物肉尸及脏器的处理、废弃可导致严重的经济损失。其它带科绦虫感染亦是一个严重的社会—经济问题。尽管已有高度有效的杀带绦虫及杀棘球绦虫的药物,但仅依靠常规的化学治疗尚难有效地防治这些疾病(Gemmell,1978; Rickard等,1982)°因此,有必要研制抗这些绦虫蚴病的疫苗。实     

广东部分地区鸡瑞利绦虫感染调查与鉴定

正瑞利绦虫主要寄生于禽类,是危害陆生禽类最常见的一类绦虫病,多见于平养和散养的鸡,而笼养鸡则较少感染。鸡常见的瑞利绦虫有3种,即棘沟瑞利绦虫(Raillietina echinobothrida)、四角瑞利绦虫(R.tetragona)和有轮瑞利绦虫(R.cesticillus)。三种瑞利绦虫均分     

猪、牛绦虫病的病原学

绦虫又称带虫,属于扁形动物门中的绦虫纲,本纲动物均营寄生生活。寄生人体的各种绦虫所引起的疾病总称绦虫病。绦虫病是人体常见的寄生虫病,也是我国古医籍中最早记载的人体寄生虫病之一。寄生人体的绦虫有30余种,分属于多节绦虫亚纲的     

绦虫病的发病与预防

<正>绦虫或带绦虫属于扁形动物门的绦虫刚,寄生于人体的绦虫共有30余种,多属于多节绦虫亚刚圆叶目。绦虫的成虫寄生在人的小肠内,随粪便排出的妊娠节虫和虫卵被猪、牛吞食后,卵壳在其十二脂肠内消化,六钩虫幼脱出,钻过肠壁进入肠系膜,经小静脉及淋巴循环运往全身,以横纹肌为主要寄生部位,发育成囊尾蚴,称囊虫。含囊虫的猪肉叫米猪肉,绦虫病是猪肉绦虫和牛肉绦虫寄生于人体小肠引起的疾病。分猪肉绦虫和牛肉绦虫。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …