裂谷热病毒N蛋白的原核表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

裂谷热(RVF)是由裂谷热病毒(RVFV)引起的一种人兽共患传染病,主要由蚊媒传播.该病主要感染反刍动物,可引起流产和新生胎儿死亡,人类对该病也易感,严重者可导致死亡.对于无RVF的国家,建立相应的病原学与血清学检测方法对于防止该病传入至关重要.为了建立基于病毒N蛋白的诊断技术,本研究构建了裂谷热病毒N基因原核表达质粒...     

裂谷热诊断技术研究进展

裂谷热(RVF)是由蚊传播的急性、以高热为特征的病毒性传染病,主要感染牛、羊等哺乳动物,也可感染人,被OIE列为A类疫病.虽然我国目前尚未发生RVF的报道,但近年来该病的分布范围有不断扩大的趋势.随着经济全球化的发展,RVF对我国的畜牧业以及人类的健康构成威胁.在国内没有报告RVF病例的情况下,国内对RVF的认识普遍不足,因此需要国境口岸加强对裂谷热进行检测和监测,防止RVF传入是必需的,为加强对裂谷热检测技术的认识,现对裂谷热诊断技术的研究进展进行综述.     

裂谷热的防控

裂谷热是裂谷热病毒引起的人和反刍动物的一种急性、热性传染病,可感染多种脊椎动物,是一种重要的人兽共患病。对裂谷热的病原、流行病学特点、临诊症状、病理变化、诊断及防控措施作一介绍,以期为有效防控该病提供参考。     

非洲裂谷热及其传入我国的风险分析

裂谷热(rift valley fever,RVF),又名里夫特山谷热(该病1930年在非洲肯尼亚里夫特山谷的绵羊中广泛流行),是一种由裂谷热病毒(rift valley fe-ver virus)引起的烈性人畜共患病,通过蚊子叮咬传染人类和牲畜,主要症状是急性腹泻和高热,进而严重损害人和牲畜的肝和肾,部分病人还会因血管破裂而死亡。世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其纳入多种     

裂谷热的防控

裂谷热是裂谷热病毒引起的人和反刍动物的一种急性、热性传染病,可感染多种脊椎动物,是一种重要的人兽共患病.对裂谷热的病原、流行病学特点、临诊症状、病理变化、诊断及防控措施作一介绍.以期为有效防控该病提供参考.     

裂谷热

裂谷热 (ＲｉｆｔＶａｌｌｅｙＦｅｖｅｒ ,ＲＶＦ)是由蚊子作为传染媒介的病毒性传染病 ,主要感染反刍动物如绵羊、山羊和牛 ,在疫病流行期间 ,偶然情况下也会引起人类发病 ,其它动物易感性较低。 1周龄内的羊羔死亡率可达 95%～1 0 0 % ,感染性随年龄增加而降低。该病能引起怀孕动物流产和幼小动物死亡。对人也能引起类似严重流感或登革热的症状 ,以流产、肝炎为特征。本病于 1 91 2年最先报道于肯尼亚 ,1 93 1年在裂谷地区的一次严重暴发中 ,从一只发病绵羊分离出病毒 ,故称为裂谷热。1　地理分布及危害裂谷热主要发生在非洲。自从 1 93 …     

裂谷热病毒研究进展

裂谷热是由裂谷热病毒(RVFV)引起的一种急性、热性传染病。主要经节肢动物传播,可引起绵羊、山羊、牛和其它动物感染发病。其特征是潜伏期短、发热、怀孕母羊的高度流产率和犊牛、羔羊的高度死亡率。人也易感,表现为登革热样症状,严重者可引起死亡。本病如今已广泛流行于非洲大陆,我国目前尚无本病的报道。为了防止裂     

裂谷热病原学和诊断技术的研究进展

裂谷热（Rift Valley fever, RVF）是绵羊、山羊和牛的一种急性、慢性传染性病毒病，也可传染给啮齿动物和人。动物感染该病的重症症状为发烧、厌食、流涕、急性腹泻、甚至严重黄疸。羔羊和犊牛死亡率达90％，怀孕母羊和母牛流产率高达80％～100％。人感染后主要由于出血热并发症导致死亡，死亡率＜1％。RVF由蚊子传播，潜伏期短，病程发展迅速，国际兽疫局（OIE）将其列为A类疫病，我国列为一类疫病。     

中西医结合治疗奶牛流行热

奶牛流行热又称奶牛暂热病,是由弹状病毒科牛流行热病毒引起的急热性传染病,该病的发病率高、传播速度快,给奶牛养殖业带来严重的经济损失。笔者对该病的流行特点及临床症状进行了阐述,同时提出了中西药治疗方法,以期为有效治疗该病提供参考。     

牛流行热的综合防治措施

牛流行热(又名三日热)是由牛流行热病毒引起的一种急性热性传染病。其特征为突然高热,呼吸促迫,流泪和消化器官的严重卡他炎症及运动障碍。感染该病的大部分病牛经2～3d即恢复正常,故又称三日热或暂时热。该病发病快,传播迅速,但多为良性经过。过去曾将该病误认为是流行性感冒。该病能引起牛大群发病,发病率高,传染性较强,明显降低乳牛的产乳量,直接影响到养牛业的经济效益。本文介绍了牛流行热的病原、临床症状、病理变化及防治措施,以期为牛流行热综合防治提供参考。     

First serological investigation of peste-des-petits-ruminants and Rift Valley fever in Tunisia

This study, carried out between September 2006 and January 2007, is the first cross-sectional serological investigation of peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Tunisia. The objective was to assess the potential need to develop a dual, recombinant PPR–RVF vaccine and how such a vaccine might be utilised in Tunisia. An overall PPR seroprevalence of 7.45% was determined, a finding supported by the high specificity (99.4%) and sensitivity (94.5%) of the ELISA used. On assessment of the diversity and density of mosquitoes in the sampling area, four species of RVF-vectors of the genus Aedes and Culex were identified. However, no serological evidence of RVF was found despite the use of a highly sensitive ELISA (99–100%). Larger scale investigations are underway to confirm these findings and the continuation of the emergency vaccination program against these two diseases remains valid.     

裂谷热研究进展

裂谷热是一种烈性毒性人畜共患病,被OIE列为必须报告的疫病.幼年动物感染后,病死率高达100%.人感染此病后,病死率约为1%.2010年3月,南非再度发生疫情,导致186人感染,18人死亡;并调查出154例动物感染,146例死亡,感染动物病死率高达95%.该病的流行不但对人类健康和养殖业构成威胁,其病毒还可能被用于生物...     

Rift Valley fever virus(Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus): an update on pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, vectors, diagnostics and prevention

Rift Valley fever(RVF) virus is an arbovirus in the Bunyaviridae family that, from phylogenetic analysis, appears to have first emerged in the mid-19th century and was only identified at the beginning of the 1930's in the Rift Valley region of Kenya. Despite being an arbovirus with a relatively simple but temporally and geographically stable genome, this zoonotic virus has already demonstrated a real capacity for emerging in new territories, as exemplified by the outbreaks in Egypt (1977), Western Africa (1988) and the Arabian Peninsula (2000), or for re-emerging after long periods of silence as observed very recently in Kenya and South Africa. The presence of competent vectors in countries previously free of RVF, the high viral titres in viraemic animals and the global changes in climate, travel and trade all contribute to make this virus a threat that must not be neglected as the consequences of RVF are dramatic, both for human and animal health. In this review, we present the latest advances in RVF virus research. In spite of this renewed interest, aspects of the epidemiology of RVF virus are still not fully understood and safe, effective vaccines are still not freely available for protecting humans and livestock against the dramatic consequences of this virus.     

Vaccination with Rift Valley fever virus live attenuated vaccine strain Smithburn caused meningoencephalitis in alpacas

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic, viral, mosquito-borne disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. In June 2018, 4 alpaca inoculated subcutaneously with live attenuated RVF virus (RVFV) Smithburn strain exhibited pyrexia, aberrant vocalization, anorexia, neurologic signs, and respiratory distress. One animal died the evening of inoculation, and 2 at ~20 d post-inoculation. Concern regarding potential vaccine strain reversion to wild-type RVFV or vaccine-induced disease prompted autopsy of the latter two. Macroscopically, both alpacas had severe pulmonary edema and congestion, myocardial hemorrhages, and cyanotic mucous membranes. Histologically, they had cerebral nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis with perivascular cuffing, multifocal neuronal necrosis, gliosis, and meningitis. Lesions were more severe in the 4-mo-old cria. RVFV antigen and RNA were present in neuronal cytoplasm, by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) respectively, and cerebrum was also RVFV positive by RT-rtPCR. The virus clustered in lineage K (100% sequence identity), with close association to Smithburn sequences published previously (identity: 99.1–100%). There was neither evidence of an aberrant immune-mediated reaction nor reassortment with wild-type virus. The evidence points to a pure infection with Smithburn vaccine strain as the cause of the animals’ disease.     

Occurrence of rift valley fever in cattle in Ijara district,Kenya

Ijara district in Kenya was one of the hotspots of rift valley fever (RVF) during the 2006/2007 outbreak which led to human and animal deaths causing huge economic and public health losses. The main constraint in the control and prevention of RVF is inadequate knowledge on its occurrence during the interepidemic period. This study was aimed at understanding the occurrence of RVF in cattle in Ijara to enable the development of improved community-based disease surveillance, prediction, control and prevention.     

Emerging viral zoonoses: frameworks for spatial and spatiotemporal risk assessment and resource planning

Spatial epidemiological tools are increasingly being applied to emerging viral zoonoses (EVZ), partly because of improving analytical methods and technologies for data capture and management, and partly because the demand is growing for more objective ways of allocating limited resources in the face of the emerging threat posed by these diseases. This review documents applications of geographical information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and spatially-explicit statistical and mathematical models to epidemiological studies of EVZ.Landscape epidemiology uses statistical associations between environmental variables and diseases to study and predict their spatial distributions. Phylogeography augments epidemiological knowledge by studying the evolution of viral genetics through space and time. Cluster detection and early warning systems assist surveillance and can permit timely interventions. Advanced statistical models can accommodate spatial dependence present in epidemiological datasets and can permit assessment of uncertainties in disease data and predictions. Mathematical models are particularly useful for testing and comparing alternative control strategies, whereas spatial decision-support systems integrate a variety of spatial epidemiological tools to facilitate widespread dissemination and interpretation of disease data. Improved spatial data collection systems and greater practical application of spatial epidemiological tools should be applied in real-world scenarios.     

Sero-prevalences of selected cattle diseases in the Kafue flats of Zambia

Sera from five traditionally managed herds grazing in the Kafue flats were tested for antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD), parainfluenza 3 (PI3), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR-IPV), bovine adenovirus 3 (BAV3) and Bluetongue (BT). The sero-prevalences of the first four diseases were respectively 76.2, 94.4, 42.1 and 87.4%. Five samples (2.3%) gave doubtful reactions for BT. Prevalences of 28.5% for brucellosis, 14% for Rift Valley fever (RFV), 0.9% for Q fever and 11.2% for chlamydiosis were also recorded. Significantly higher values for BVD-MD (p<0.005), IBR-IPV (p<0.01) and brucellosis (p<0.05) were found in animals over 1 year of age. No differences were recorded between herds or between male and female animals.The high concentration of wild and domestic ruminants grazing together in the flood plains during the dry season may be a major determinant of the high values observed. Traditional farmers, slaughterhouse workers and other people involved in livestock production are particularly at risk of contracting brucellosis and RVF because of the high prevalences in cattle and local habits favourable to their transmission.     

非洲猪瘟防控策略

我国对非洲猪瘟（ASF）的防控工作取得了阶段性成果,但疫情依然严峻,生猪稳产保供仍面临较大压力。文章通过了解非洲猪瘟防控现状和兽医队伍体系现状以及机构改革后非洲猪瘟防控工作存在的不足,分析了非洲猪瘟防控工作存在的问题,提出如下建议：1）重点加强中小规模养殖场（户）疫情防控工作;2）加强生猪调运监管;3）加强生猪屠宰监管。     

养猪场户如何做好非洲猪瘟的防控

非洲猪瘟是一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病^[1],近两年来给我国养猪业带来了灾难性的影响。因此,在当前阶段做好现有养猪场户的防控工作尤为重要。文章结合我国养猪特点和防控形势,从养猪从业者角度介绍了非洲猪瘟的特点、传播方式、综合防控措施及防疫职责,以期为广大生猪养殖者做好非洲猪瘟防控提供参考。