Spatial evaluation of knowledge spillover benefits in China’s free trade zone provinces and cities

China has established several free trade zones (FTZs) in recent years, which are becoming new drivers of growth for regional economic development. As the FTZ reform deepens, protecting intellectual property rights and improving application systems have become important for encouraging innovation in FTZs. To understand the knowledge spillover effects in different FTZs, this paper selects indicators at different levels of knowledge evaluation and uses the 2017 data of the provinces and cities where the first three batches of FTZs set up by China are located as samples to perform empirical analysis on knowledge spillover effects with a corrected spatial knowledge spillover model. According to the evaluation, the spatial knowledge spillover effects vary among FTZs—the spatial knowledge spillover effects of economically developed regions are smaller (0.0421), while their spillover effects on other FTZs are bigger (0.0795). In addition, the knowledge spillover effects of adjacent FTZ provinces and cities are significantly greater; the spatial spillover effects of southeastern coastal FTZ provinces and cities are more than those of central and western regions as well as northeastern provinces and cities (0.0795; 0.0533; 0.0672). This study is helpful for governments and policy makers to develop appropriate incentive policies for knowledge innovation targeting the knowledge spillover characteristics of different FTZs.     

Different Institutions,Distinctive Trajectories? Revisiting Maritime Industrial Development Areas with Cases on China's Liaoning Coast

Maritime industrial development areas (MIDAs) are spatial tools designed to accelerate economic growth in backwards coastal areas and thus alleviate regional disparities, and they have widely expanded in both developed and developing countries over the past sixty years. This paper reviews the global development of MIDAs in different historical periods and compares them with cases on China's Liaoning coast in terms of their structure, location, administration, national political‐economic climate and theoretical justification. The results indicate that although those countries have different institutional environments they seemingly once took the same path in their specific stages of development. However, the experiences of developed countries and other developing ones and the current dilemma of MIDAs in coastal Liaoning together demonstrate that MIDAs cannot achieve the policy targets anticipated by decision makers, especially during the economic transitions of China. This finding cautions backwards countries and their lagging areas, such as northeastern China, that the traditional pattern tried by the first developed countries may not be appropriate when the development tool (e.g., MIDAs) is examined in both the framework of international comparison and the socioeconomic setting of a specific country.     

Innovation in suburban development zones: Evidence from Nanjing,China

While suburban areas have been typically related with urban sprawl, low density, cheap land price and low‐end manufacturing industries, relatively little attention has been paid to the spatial organization of innovation in suburban areas. In some Chinese cities, development zones (kai fa qu) in their suburban areas which are generally regarded as major spaces for traditional manufacturing industries have been transforming into spaces for innovation. This paper provides a case study of Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province in Eastern China by investigating and explaining the learning and innovation processes in suburban development zones. Drawing upon a unique database on 733 state‐certified high‐tech firms in Nanjing from 2008 to 2012 which contains detailed information on their addresses and number of patents, we observe strong spatial disparity in the distribution of innovation. Suburban districts of Nanjing where its three national‐level development zones and many provincial‐level development zones are located have become major spaces for innovation of the city. The planning of industrial clusters in development zones, the place‐based investment in the suburbs, and the suburbanization of universities are three major mechanisms behind the learning and innovation processes in Nanjing’s suburban development zones.     

农民参加化肥农药减施增效技术培训的实证分析

摘要：我国化肥和农药施用过量,由此引发的环境污染、损害健康和农产品质量安全问题严重。为实现2020年化肥农药使用量力争零增长目标和十九大提出的以质量兴农、绿色兴农为目标,提升农产品质量与安全的要求。基于安徽、山东、湖北三省,五县（区、市）,水稻、苹果、蔬菜、茶叶四个产业作为项目区410份调查问卷,通过构建农民参加化肥农药减施增效技术培训的意愿和担忧模型,对农民参加化肥农药减施增效技术培训的影响因素进行实证分析,结果表明：没有流转土地、使用过有机肥、参加过测土配方施肥技术培训、可以接受的培训时间越长的农民越愿意参加化肥农药减施增效技术培训;化肥使用次数越多、当地有产地检验、对之前的培训效果越差的农民对采用新技术施肥用药越担忧。提出开展化肥农药减施增效技术培训的对策建议：划分不同产业,开展精确化培训;按照实际需求,开展精准化培训;按照农民特征,开展精细化培训。     

From ‘wannabe’ Silicon Valley to global back office? Examining the socio‐spatial consequences of technopole planning practices in Malaysia

Cyberjaya is one of a long line of aspiring science and technology parks in the Asia‐Pacific region that have attempted to create a successful technopole, and in doing so become the ‘Silicon Valley of Asia’. The paper attends to the place‐making strategies through which Cyberjaya was positioned as a new ‘global hub’ for information communication technology and multimedia industries, framed as an extremely ‘sticky place’ (Markusen, 1996). That is, a place within a global economic system where local skills, infrastructure and capital attracts and makes research and development and corporate headquarters reluctant to leave. The paper considers that despite considerable infrastructural investment and state‐led urban boosterism to ‘sell’ Cyberjaya to prospective investors, more than 10 years after its completion in 1999 the development has become little more than a zone of disconnected business process outsourcing industries comprising low value‐added outsourcing activities.     

Human capital agglomeration,institutional barriers,and internal migration in China

This paper investigates how human capital agglomeration interplays with institutional factors to affect migration destination choice in China. Over the last decades, China has experienced massive internal migration, substantial human capital investment, and the relaxation of its hukou system, thus providing us with a valuable opportunity to examine the role of human capital externality in migration choice. Based on rich data on province-to-province migration flows for different education and hukou groups, we find that migrants in China, especially highly educated and urban-to-urban migrants, have a strong preference to move to provinces with a high agglomeration of human capital. Further examination reveals that low-skilled migrants in China are less likely to benefit from human capital agglomeration because of their lower ability to overcome hukou restrictions. Our findings raise the concern that labor migration under the skill-biased hukou system would enlarge China's regional disparities in human capital and economic development.     

The heterogeneity of agglomeration effect: Evidence from Chinese cities

Using annual surveys of industrial firms in China from 1998 to 2007, this paper applies the non‐linear least squares (NLS) method based on a grid search to analyse the effect of city size on firm total factor productivity (TFP). The results show that overall, the agglomeration effects in large cities, but not selection effects, significantly promote improvement in firm TFP. The optimal agglomeration scales of different industries differ as follows: those of capital‐ and technology‐intensive industries are larger than those of labour‐intensive industries. The agglomeration effects are also robust to different spatial areas without considering administrative boundaries. An inverted U‐shaped relationship exists between firm size and agglomeration effects, while the relationship between firm age and agglomeration effects is U‐shaped. State‐owned firms experience weaker agglomeration effects than non‐state‐owned firms. Cities higher in the administrative hierarchy and those with special economic zones have stronger agglomeration effects. However, cities higher in the administrative hierarchy and those with a larger economic development zone index can provide more resources to increase the survival rate of low‐productivity firms; thus, selection effects are not significant in Chinese cities.     

基于DEA的我国生鲜农产品冷链物流空间效率测度及提升策略研究

通过测度我国生鲜农产品冷链物流空间效率,对全国31省市生鲜农产品冷链效率差异进行分析,对提升农产品冷链物流效率提出对策建议。以全国31个省市为分析对象,采集2017—2021年面板数据,利用DEA 3.0从静态和动态两个维度对我国各省市农产品冷链物流空间效率进行测度,构建CCR模型和BCC模型分析静态效率,利用Malmquist指数分析动态效率。结果表明：我国整体冷链物流效率水平较高,但距离DEA效率前沿面还存在一定差距,各地区冷链物流效率呈现出空间差异性,技术进步变化对全要素生产力有显著推动作用。提出要提升农产品冷链物流效率各地区需结合实际情况,加大政府规划指引,促进冷链物流技术革新,培养冷链物流技术人才,提高冷链物流管理水平,促进我国农产品冷链物流协调发展。     

中国沿海省市海洋经济的现状及其协调发展

简要分析了中国各沿海省市海洋经济的现状、主要的海洋产业和具有比较优势的产业。根据上述分析和已有的研究成果,文中初步归纳了各沿海省市海洋经济近期发展目标及其区域布局。以广东省为例,该省2005年海洋产业总产值占全国的17.7%,其主要产业、优势产业和今后应发展的海洋产业均为沿海旅游业、海洋电力和海水利用、海洋油气业等。2010年该省将建成海洋经济强省,海洋产业增加值占全省GDP的15%。     

How does financial agglomeration affect green development? Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta of China

An extensive economic growth mode leads to resource depletion and environmental degradation. Green development is the best way to solve this problem. We analyzed the sample data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta of China from 2007 to 2019. We used the spatial Durbin model and interaction term model to study the effects of regional financial agglomeration (FA) on green development and the moderating role of green technology innovation. The results show that FA promotes local green development but inhibits the green development of neighboring areas. Because the polarization effect of the growth pole is greater than its dispersion effect, cities with high levels of FA have a strong “siphon effect” on the surrounding areas. Green technology innovation positively moderates the promoting effect of FA on green development; the higher the level of green technology innovation and the degree of emphasis on it, the stronger the promoting effect. The government should encourage green finance to promote green technology innovation and promote the green development of the regional economy. These findings provide new insights for developing countries to achieve sustainable development under environmental constraints.     

Development Zones,Foreign Investment,and Global City Formation in Shanghai*

ABSTRACT The rapid economic ascent of China and the increasing integration of the world economy in the past two decades have made metropolises in China such as Shanghai and Beijing emerging global cities. Foreign investment is a central force underlying the emergence and transformation of the Chinese metropolises into global cities. This is especially true in Shanghai, which has experienced massive infusion of foreign investment. Varied forms of foreign investment or development zones have been created to promote foreign investment inflows, yet remain under‐studied. This paper analyzes structure, performance, and underlying factors of development zones in Shanghai, and discusses the implications for global city‐formation; it unfolds the variations among development zones, and illustrates the significant role of the state and local conditions. As the literature on global cities dwells primarily on the experiences of advanced economies, this paper further contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of emerging global cities in the developing world.     

基于GAHP模型对沿海省份渔业社会经济发展定量测评

为了定量研究沿海省份渔业产业发展的状况,设计渔业社会与经济发展的评估指标体系,运用专家调查法和模糊群组层次分析(GAHP)模型确定各层组指标的权重。选用2012 年沿海渔业社会经济发展总产值排名靠前的7 个省份以及上海市作为渔业发展量化评估的对象,综合测评其发展状况并进行排序分析。研究结果显示,沿海8 省渔业社会与经济发展程度由高到低的排名次序为上海、福建、辽宁、山东、浙江、江苏、广东、广西。根据测评结果提出沿海省份要统筹渔业经济与社会协调发展,调整渔业产业结构,提高渔业生产效率,保障渔民生活质量等对策建议。     

我国35个大中城市建设用地结构与空气质量的典型相关分析

[目的]研究选取中国35个大中城市作为样本城市，评价了样本城市2016年空气质量和城市建设用地结构特征，[方法]利用典型相关分析方法分析城市建设用地结构与空气质量之间的关系，为合理安排城市用地结构、改善空气质量、提高城市人居环境质量提供科学依据。[结果](1)研究期间样本城市空气质量地域差异明显，空气污染较重的城市主要集中在华北地区、西北地区，东南沿海城市空气质量较好，京津冀地区空气污染问题较为严重，空气质量指数（AQI）、PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2年均浓度呈现出：北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市。(2)研究期间样本城市建设用地结构存在一定差异，居住用地和工矿仓储用地占城市建设用地总面积的比例在49%~58%之间。北方、南方城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在绿地与广场用地比例，沿海、内陆城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在公共管理与公共服务用地、工矿仓储用地和绿地与广场用地的比例。城市建设用地结构信息熵平均值呈现出北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市的特征。(3)典型相关分析结果表明，样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。不同的区域空气污染物不同，影响空气污染物浓度的建设用地结构因子也不同。从整体上，居住用地与商业服务业设施用地与SO2呈负相关，工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关；从区域上，居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与PM2.5呈正相关，工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关，居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与SO2呈负相关。[结论]样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。     

What does the character of urban technology reveals about convergence versus divergence of innovation in China?—A technical lens to evaluate regional economic development

Regional technology characters (TCs) are studied in this paper to find whether innovation in Chinese cities leads to technology converging, or technology divergence, in both the intra-city and inter-city scales, with which regional economic development strength may be better explained. Based on a literature review on the subject, a two-dimensional research framework and relevant technical lens are designed to clarify TC in cities composed of parameters on Technology Strength (TS) versus Technology Angle (TA). By applying Principle Component Analysis, a technical lens is made possible based on extracted parameters on three integrated technology dimensions for measuring TSs and TAs over 117 Chinese sample cities with invention patent data covering 21 technology field between 2005/2006 and 2015/2016. Technology convergence versus divergence are examined for 28/24 sample cities beyond average score, and the research findings indicate that technology divergence in Chinese cities can be confirmed at the inter-city level, even partially at the intra-city level. This finding holds for most sample cities with fairly large and modest TSs, while intra-city technology converging is significant, especially for larger sized TS samples, however they also differ on different dimensions. This may imply that urban economic development in China is technical based and differentiated.     

中国热带农业科技国际合作发展策略研究

概述了中国热带农业科技的对外合作现状,指出中国热带农业科技国际合作已经拥有了一定的基础;同时,分析了中国热带农业科技国际合作存在的问题。在上述研究基础上,提出了以下发展策略以进一步促进中国热带农业科技国际合作：国家应有计划、有步骤地组织国内热区农业科技力量开展国际合作,针对不同国家农业资源及其科技发展特点,采取不同的合作对策;参与或组织实施国际科技合作项目和重大国际合作计划,充分利用国际智力,争取引领国际热带农业科技发展。     

基于对比分析法的国内外烟草专利情报分析与研究热点

为全面了解国内外烟草企业专利申请的数量与技术分布状况,分析研究国内外的烟草企业专利申请热点,对2000~2009年中国知识产权局外公开公告的共计8420件烟草技术类专利 进行了统计,并采用对比分析法和文献计量学等情报分析研究手段对烟草技术类专利进行了定量、定性分析。结果表明：（1）从烟草专利的申请类型来看,我国发明专利申请所占比重较低;（2）从烟草专利的专利权人来看,我国烟草企业竞争对手实力强大;（3）从烟草专利的发展阶段来看,我国烟草企业的新技术发展潜力巨大;（4）从烟草专利的技术分布来看,我国烟草科技创新的研究热点和重点与国外相比同中有异。     

生鲜农产品冷链物流效率评价研究

以我国31个省区市为研究对象,使用2012—2019年面板数据,运用三阶段DEA模型测算我国生鲜农产品冷链物流效率。结果表明:我国生鲜农产品冷链物流效率呈逐年上升趋势,大部分地区生鲜农产品冷链物流产业处于规模效率递增阶段;信息化水平、基础设施建设水平、对外开放程度,以及创新发展水平对投入指标的松弛变量产生了显著的影响;华中、华东、华北和华南地区的生鲜农产品冷链物流效率高于全国平均水平,东北、西南和西北低于全国平均水平;规模效率是制约生鲜农产品冷链物流效率提高的最主要因素。针对上述结果提出了相应的对策建议,可为国家或地方政府制定冷链物流产业发展政策提供决策依据与参考。     

The Spatial Dimension of Trade‐ and FDI‐driven Productivity Growth in Chinese Provinces: A Global Cointegration Approach

This paper analyses the major determinants of long‐ and short‐run labour productivity evolution for Chinese provinces between 1978 and 2010. The role played by openness to trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) constitutes the main focus of this analysis. From a methodological perspective, our main contribution is the inclusion of spatial effects into a dynamic error correction modelling framework. The results show that, in addition to domestic factors such as investment intensity and infrastructure use, trade openness and inward FDI also exert a direct impact on labour productivity. Furthermore, the geographical environment has a strong indirect influence on productivity: The more a region is surrounded by high‐productive regions with good infrastructure and linkages to the world economy, the higher are its productivity level and growth rate. The magnitude of these impacts varies by spatial regime (coastal, interior provinces) and time period in focus. Especially in the recent past, trade and FDI activity appear to be increasingly important drivers of regional productivity evolution, both for coastal and interior regions. These findings have important policy implications: In order to fully exploit the benefits from such spillovers, coordinated industrial policies which foster regional complementarities and support the free movement of production factors across regional borders are crucial.     

中国农业绿色防控技术推广研究进展

本文旨在梳理当前应用于中国农业中的绿色防控技术,为中国发展绿色防控技术奠定理论基础,以中国知网数据库作为原始文献来源,高级检索“主题”=“绿色防控”、“并含”=“技术推广”、时间为2010—2019年、采用文献研究法分析所获得344篇文献的相关信息。归纳中国农业现阶段在绿色防控技术应用与推广中存在的问题,并且针对存在的问题提出可供参考的相应解决对策。结果表明：通过分析所发表的文章的数量及分布可以看出,中国绿色防控技术正处于不断发展的阶段,更多的研究者在深入探索这一领域,其中生物防治技术和物理防治技术由于适用性较强,在中国各区域内推广迅速,已经在中国进行广泛应用。     

发达国家农业合作组织的发展模式及其对南贵昆区域农业产业化发展的启示

加入WTO后，我国农业经营的“小农户“与”大市场”的矛盾日益尖锐，分散的小农户难以成为完整而有力的市场主体和产业化经营主体。因此，创新农村市场主体和产业化经营主体十分必要。农业合作组织掌握市场信息充分，有资本、技术、人才优势，它们能有效地组织农户参与农业产业化经营，因而是最强有力的市场主体和产业化经营主体。我国“入世”之后，农业合组织的作用将越来越突出，关注和推动我国农业合组织的理论研究和实践发展，是一个极具有价值的课题。本文通过分析国外发达国家农业合作社的发展，研究南贵昆区域农业合作组织的发展策略，为农业产业化经营创造良好的外部环境。