叶面和土壤处理两种类型除草剂防除大豆田杂草试验初报

多年来我省大豆田所用的除草剂品种,都是土壤处理剂。氟乐灵于大豆播前土壤处理并将药剂耙入土内,另一些除草剂如拉索等则于大豆播后苗前土壤处理,其药效发挥均极大地受土壤水分影响,加之我省的气候特点是十年九春早,因而常常达不到完全控制大豆地杂草的目的。另外除草剂的品种单一是存在的另一个问题,需要一个包括播前或苗前除草剂同适时的苗后除草剂处理相结合,以及同中耕相结合,既提高除草效果又提高大豆产量的除草体系。我们于1979年搞了苗后叶面处理和苗前土壤处理类型的除草     

几种播后苗前除草剂对纤维高梁杂草的防除效果研究

[目的]为探讨纤维高粱播后苗前杂草化学防除的有效方法。[方法]通过田间试验,研究了6种化学除草药剂的田间防除效果。[结果]结果表明,防除纤维高粱田一年生禾本及阔叶杂草的播后苗前土壤处理除草剂选用38%莠去津悬浮剂或330 g/L二甲戊灵乳油较适宜;在藜不是优势杂草的纤维高粱田可选用960 g/L异丙甲草胺乳油。[结论]研究结果为纤维高粱播后苗前杂草的化学防除提供了参考。     

不同浓度莠去津对甜高粱田间杂草及生物产量的影响

为了明确除草剂莠去津在甜高粱播前土壤处理杂草防除时适宜的使用剂量,采用莠去津4个浓度梯度进行土壤处理。结果表明:莠去津用药量190g/666.7m~2时,既能起到很好的除草效果,又对甜高粱生长无影响,还能减少种植成本和对环境的污染。     

浅议甜菜田化学除草

甜菜田化学除草根据不同情况可采取播前土壤处理、播后苗前土壤处理和苗后茎叶处理3种处理方法。采取有效配比、合理搭配、抓住杂草防除的最佳施药期等措施以扩大杀草谱、减少用药次数和用药量。研制开发新型、高效的除草剂品种,以使甜菜田化学除草技术逐步提高和完善。要进一步加强甜菜田除草剂低用药量的研究,应用抗除草剂甜菜品种,广泛普及甜菜除草剂的应用技术和增进国内外合作与交流,研制开发新产品,使甜菜田化学除草更加科学化、规范化。     

豫西油葵田除草剂应用技术研究

[目的]筛选针对油葵田不同处理时期且对油葵安全、高效的除草剂。[方法]分别选择播后苗前和茎叶时期2个阶段进行,选择不同除草剂进行比较试验。[结果]播后苗前处理在茎叶处理除草剂中33%二甲戊乐灵除草效果较好,最后鲜重总防效达94.88%,且对油葵安全;苗后茎叶处理除草剂中10.8%精喹禾灵、8.8%精克草能除草剂仅对油葵田禾本科杂草有较好的防效,除草效果达100%,且持效性较好,但对阔叶杂草基本无除草效果。[结论]播后苗前可运用33%二甲戊乐灵进行除草,苗后茎叶处理可选用10.8%精喹禾灵、8.8%精克草能进行杂草防除     

饲用型甜高粱苗前化学除草剂的筛选试验

进行了饲用型甜高粱苗前50%乙草胺乳油、38%莠去津悬浮剂、42%异丙草·莠悬乳剂、48%仲丁灵乳油、清水对照5个处理的化学除草农药筛选试验研究。结果表明:在甜高粱生产中,于整地后覆膜时用除草剂对土壤进行喷雾处理防除杂草,是一项行之有效的增产措施;在目前常用的几种除草剂中以38%莠去津悬浮剂对禾本科类及双子叶类杂草的防除效果最好,均达100%,与对照相比甜高粱茎秆产量增加最多(22.6%),且对甜高粱出苗及出苗后生长无不良影响。     

黑龙江工业大麻田间杂草防除研究

旨在筛选适宜黑龙江地区工业大麻田间杂草的除草剂,为工业大麻推广种植提供技术服务。试验以火麻一号为试验材料,进行了4个药剂的播后苗前土壤封闭处理试验,8个药剂的苗后茎叶处理,及苗前封闭除草与苗后茎叶除草相结合9个处理。结果表明,4种苗前封闭除草剂药效:96%异丙甲草胺EC 88. 46% 50%乙草胺EC 84. 62% 50%扑草净WP 70. 51% 48%仲丁灵EC 66. 67%;苗后茎叶除草药效:24%烯草酮82. 90% 10. 8%高效氟吡甲禾灵81. 40%5%精喹禾灵78. 20% 41%草甘膦75. 11%。苗前封闭除草与苗后茎叶除草处理:96%异丙甲草胺1350 m L/hm~2+56%2甲4氯钠盐375 g/hm~2+24%烯草酮300 m L/hm~2,工业大麻原茎产量达到7648 kg/hm~2,种子产量最高达到1428 kg/hm~2。表明苗前封闭除草与苗后茎叶除草相结合对工业大麻原茎增产优于单一的播后苗前处理与苗后茎叶处理。     

河西走廊甜高粱田间杂草综合防除技术

研究了甜高粱在河西走廊不同类型土壤条件下播前土壤处理和茎叶处理杂草防除技术,明确了在河西走廊不同类型土壤条件下,甜高粱田间播前土壤处理和茎叶处理中最适的除草剂种类和适宜的使用剂量,形成了河西走廊甜高粱田间杂草防除技术。     

棉苗地乐胺药害的症状及解救措施

棉苗地乐胺药害的症状及解救措施聂先雄，王国理，胡镇伍，陈直哲（湖北省京山县农业局４３１８００）地乐胺是江西临川农药厂生产的二硝茎苯胺类除草剂，棉花播后苗前土壤喷雾处理，防除一年生单子叶杂草及某些阔叶杂草，不仅成本低，且效果优于拉索等进口除草剂。近年我...     

大豆田土壤封闭处理除草试验报告

选用7种除草剂，采用大区对比法设计，于大豆播后苗前进行土壤封闭处理。结果表明，应用广乙合剂、乙草胺可以有效防除田间稗草，对阔叶杂草也有较好的防除效果，豆施乐和灭草特对阔叶杂草防效较好，但对稗草的防除效果不够理想。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Sugar and dry matter changes in potatoes overwintered in soil in Greece

Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv. Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in cv. Spunta from February to April.     

Changes in daily rainfall characteristics in major rice producing provinces in Laos

In order to find the changes in rainfall characteristics and to examine the flood damage to lowland rice, a statistical analysis was carried out on the 40-year daily rainfall record at four rainfall stations (Thangon, Paksane, Seno, and Pakse) in Laos. The rainfall record was divided into two periods of 20 years each. The results of this analysis revealed the trends in changes regarding the frequency and the timing of the heavy daily rainfall events at the four stations. In Paksane in particular, heavy daily rainfall events tended to occur in the latter half of the rainy season.     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

中国马铃薯单倍体诱导进展

马铃薯产量、品质、加工等方面都较其他作物有更大的提升空间,但由于四倍体马铃薯存在遗传基础狭窄且复杂、难以创新等诸多问题阻碍了相关研究的深入开展。利用马铃薯单倍体或双单倍体植株有望解决上述诸多难题。马铃薯单倍体具有加速育种过程、提高选择效率等优点。马铃薯单倍体的获得包括花药培养、花粉培养、孤雌生殖、子房培养。其中,花药培养因更易取材,并且得到胚性细胞团、愈伤组织或胚状体的几率更大等优点而研究最为广泛。获得单倍体植株的成功率与试验材料的基因型、培养条件、培养基添加物等诸多因素相关。根据不同的诱导方法简要阐述了中国马铃薯单倍体研究的历史及进展。