运动对雌性SD大鼠卵巢和血清中超氧化物歧化酶的影响

为研究运动对SD大鼠卵巢和血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响,随机选取SD大鼠分为5组,试验组大鼠每日分别进行不同时长(0、20、40、60、80min)游泳训练。训练20周后处死大鼠,免疫组织化学SP法检测大鼠卵巢组织中SOD的表达情况,并检测血清中SOD的浓度。结果表明,40min和60min运动组血清中SOD的浓度高于对照组,差异显著(P0.05),80min运动组血清中SOD浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05);免疫组化显示,SOD主要表达于卵巢黄体的颗粒性黄体细胞中,与对照组相比,20min运动组的表达差异不显著,40min和60min运动组的表达高于对照组,差异显著(P0.05),80min运动组的表达与对照组相比差异极显著降低(P0.01)。提示,适当运动可以增加大鼠卵巢和血清中SOD的水平,而过度运动则会造成大鼠卵巢和血清中SOD水平降低。     

乳品中超氧化物歧化酶的生物学活性及其加工稳定性的研究进展

超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)广泛存在于乳品中,是生物体内防御机体老化的一种非常重要的金属酶.SOD在乳品的保健作用中发挥了重要的作用,本文对其作简单介绍,并对乳品中SOD的生物活性及其加工稳定性进行了探讨.     

超氧化物歧化酶模拟物对肉仔鸡肉品质和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平超氧化物歧化酶模拟物(superoxdie dismutase mimics,SODm)对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。采用单因子试验设计,选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡公雏432只,随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%、0.30%SODm,试验期42 d。结果表明:①日粮添加SODm对肉仔鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。②添加0.20%、0.25%和0.30%SODm组胸肌亮度(L~*)值显著低于对照组(P<0.05);除0.10%SODm组外,SODm各组胸肌剪切力均显著低于对照组,滴水损失显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。SODm各组腿肌L~*值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);0.10%和0.15%SODm组腿肌剪切力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。③21日龄时,与对照组相比,0.30%SODm组血清SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05),其他SODm组血清SOD活性均有提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);42日龄时,添加SODm各组血清SOD活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。④21日龄时,SODm各组肝脏SOD活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加SODm对胸肌和心脏SOD活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。42日龄时,添加0.15%和0.25%SODm组肝脏和心脏SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.25%和0.30%SODm组胸肌和腿肌SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,本试验条件下,在日粮中添加SODm对肉仔鸡生长性能无显著影响;添加0.15%～0.25%SODm可提高肉仔鸡体内SOD活性,降低肌肉亮度和剪切力,改善肌肉嫩度。     

Cecal bacterial communities in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans and captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans

Preservation of indigenous gastrointestinal microbiota is deemed to be critical for successful captivebreeding of endangered wild animals, yet its biology is poorly understood. Here, we investigated cecalbacterial communities in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) and comparedthem with those in Svalbard rock ptarmigans (L. m. hyperborea) in captivity. Ultra-deepsequencing of 16S rRNA gene indicated that the community structure of cecal microbiota in wild rock ptarmiganswas remarkably different from that in captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans. Fundamental differences betweenbacterial communities in the two groups of birds were detected at the phylum level. Firmicutes,Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes were the major phyla detected in wild Japanese rockptarmigans, whereas Firmicutes alone occupied more than 80% of abundance in captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans.Furthermore, unclassified genera of Coriobacteriaceae, Synergistaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Actinomycetaceae,Veillonellaceae and Clostridiales were the major taxa detected in wild individuals, whereas in zoo-rearedbirds, major genera were Ruminococcus, Blautia, Faecalibacterium andAkkermansia. Zoo-reared birds seemed to lack almost all rock ptarmigan-specific bacteria intheir intestine, which may explain the relatively high rate of pathogenic infections affecting them. We showevidence that preservation and reconstitution of indigenous cecal microflora are critical for successfulex situ conservation and future re-introduction plan for the Japanese rock ptarmigan.     

Effect of Natural Antioxidants on Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase mRNA Expression in Leukocytes from Periparturient Dairy Cows

During the peripartum period, high-yielding dairy cows experience metabolic stress, which alters their homeostasis and exposes the cows to illness. The aim of this study was to quantify the expression levels of genes involved in antioxidant defences during the transition period in the blood of dairy cows and to evaluate the regulative activity on these genes of natural antioxidants in the diet. Three groups of 7 heifers each, at the 7th month of pregnancy, were used. Starting from 3 weeks before the expected calving date (–22 days), the three groups were allotted to the following experimental treatments: control (CTR, basal diet); lycopene (LYC, basal diet + lycopene 540 mg/day) and grape polyphenols (POL, basal diet + grape polyphenols 10 g/day). Blood was sampled at 22 and 8 days before and 8, 15 and 22 after calving and analysed for the expression level of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) using the real-time PCR technique with LUX (Light Upon eXtension) fluorogenic primers. During the peripartum period (–22 days until + 22 days from calving), Cu/ ZnSOD mRNA expression decreased (p<0.05) in the CTR and LYC groups, but increased at 15 days after calving in the POL group. No significant differences were found in GPx mRNA expression. The results suggest that grape polyphenols may have a controlling effect on peripartum metabolic stress through modulation of superoxide dismutase expression.     

三聚氰胺对鲤鱼组织SOD、POD和MDA含量的影响

通过将三聚氰胺腹腔注射鲤鱼后测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,探讨其对鲤鱼脑、肝、肾和腮各组织的影响。对50条鲤鱼分别以1、10、100、1 000、2 000mg/L浓度的三聚氰胺腹腔注射,对照组注射等量的生理盐水。以比色法测定肾脏SOD、POD活性和MDA含量的变化。发现鲤鱼各组织中SOD、POD活性先升高后降低;MDA含量呈上升趋势,且始终高于对照组。三聚氰胺对各组织的影响存在剂量-效应关系。表明三聚氰胺影响鲤鱼各组织功能,这可能与各组织中抗氧化酶活性降低和丙二醛含量升高有一定的关系。     

益生菌发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态、血清T淋巴细胞亚群及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究添加不同比例益生菌发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态、血清T淋巴细胞亚群及肠道菌群的影响。选用14日龄健康黄羽肉鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡,Ⅰ组为空白对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别添加3%、6%和9%发酵棉粕,研究不同添加量对肉鸡生长前期(14～28日龄)、中期(29～45日龄)、后期(46～65日龄)各阶段小肠黏膜形态,中、后期血清T淋巴细胞亚群及后期肠道菌群的影响。研究结果显示:①与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组黄羽肉鸡前、中、后期的十二指肠绒毛高度极显著提高31.90%、25.17%、49.41%(P<0.01),隐窝深度极显著降低9.42%、11.31%、10.83%(P<0.01),V/C极显著提高45.65%、41.19%、67.84%(P<0.01);空肠绒毛高度极显著提高28.72%、28.38%、27.61%(P<0.01),隐窝深度显著或极显著下降6.65%(P<0.05)、6.18%(P<0.01)、7.37%(P<0.01),V/C极显著提高37.84%、36.69%、37.82%(P<0.01);回肠绒毛高度极显著提高76.64%、40.36%、67.20%(P<0.01) ,隐窝深度显著降低4.09%、6.07%、6.02%(P<0.05),V/C极显著提高83.79%、49.27%、78.26% (P<0.01)。②中、后期Ⅳ组黄羽肉鸡CD4⁺/CD8⁺显著提高42.86%、34.95%(P<0.05)。③随着发酵棉粕添加量的增多,黄羽肉鸡的十二指肠、空肠、回肠中乳酸菌的数量逐渐增多,且差异越来越明显,除Ⅱ组十二指肠和空肠段外,其余各组的各肠段差异均显著或极显著(P<0.05;P<0.01)。大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量逐渐减少,且差异越来越明显,除Ⅱ组十二指肠段外,其余各组各肠段差异均显著或极显著(P<0.05;P<0.01)。综上所述,6%发酵棉粕组在提高十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度、V/C,降低其隐窝深度方面都优于3%、9%发酵棉粕组,而9%发酵棉粕组在提高CD4⁺/CD8⁺、肠道乳酸菌数量和降低大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量方面优于3%、6%发酵棉粕组。     

诺氟沙星对两种鲟体内SOD活力影响的比较研究

将诺氟沙星按照0、20、40、60、80和100 mg/kg浓度,对小体鲟及史氏鲟连续口服给药5 d,停药2 d后对其血浆及肝脏组织中过氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力进行测定,以期掌握不同诺氟沙星给药浓度下,两种鲟两种组织中SOD活力变化趋势,并探讨评价该药在鲟养殖过程中使用的最适剂量,以及对鱼类肝脏的损伤情况。试验结果表明,两种鲟两种组织内均含有一定量的SOD酶,且在对照组及所有给药组肝脏中酶活力均高于血浆中。不同给药浓度下,两种鲟两种组织中SOD活力变化均呈现规律的先受诱导升高,而后被抑制降低的变化趋势,且在40 mg/kg给药浓度组达到最大值。血浆中SOD活力受给药浓度影响较小,起伏较平稳,在40 mg/kg给药浓度组史氏鲟血浆中SOD值高于小体鲟,而其他组别均为小体鲟较高。而肝脏中SOD活力变化较剧烈,且在对照组、诱导最高SOD活力的40 mg/kg给药浓度组和最高给药浓度组,小体鲟均高于史氏鲟,且小体鲟肝脏中SOD在40 mg/kg给药浓度组活力值极高,形成一个尖锐的峰值。结果表明,诺氟沙星对两种鲟给药浓度为30~50 mg/kg时,既能使药效最好而又不会对肝脏产生明显的损伤。     

Effect of supplementation with the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 on semen quality and antioxidant status in dogs with poor semen quality: Three case studies

Oxidative stress owing to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), is a major contributor to male infertility. We investigated the effects of the reduced form of CoQ10 (ubiquinol) supplementation on semen quality in dogs with poor semen quality. Three dogs received 100 mg of ubiquinol orally once daily for 12 weeks. Semen quality, serum testosterone, and seminal plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were examined at 2-week intervals from 2 weeks before ubiquinol supplementation to 4 weeks after the treatment. Ubiquinol improved sperm motility, reduced morphologically abnormal sperm, and increased seminal plasma SOD activity; however, it had no effect on testosterone level, semen volume, and sperm number. Ubiquinol supplementation could be used as a non-endocrine therapy for infertile dogs.     

Therapeutic effects of vitamin E supplementation in 4 dogs with poor semen quality and low superoxide dismutase activity in seminal plasma

Four dogs with poor semen quality, low seminal plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and low blood plasma testosterone (T) levels were orally administered one vitamin E tablet containing 50 mg α-tocopheryl acetate per dog daily for 4 weeks. The mean values of semen quality were temporarily improved after the start of vitamin E treatment and the values of 4, and 5 weeks after that were significantly different from those before the treatment (P<0.05–0.001). The mean blood plasma T and seminal plasma SOD activity values slightly increased in the 4 dogs after the treatment. The results of the present study indicate that poor semen quality in dogs with low seminal plasma SOD can be improved by vitamin E treatment.