Pheromones for the control of insect pests in Mediterranean countries

Pheromones can be used to monitor insect populations or to control directly certain pest species by mass-trapping or mating-disruption techniques. The potential advantages of using pheromones for crop protection in these various ways are illustrated by examples taken mainly from work conducted in the Mediterranean region by members of the Scientific Units of the Overseas Development Administration.     

病原微生物在茶树病虫生物防治中的研究与应用

茶树是一种多年生经济作物,主要生长在热带、亚热带和温带,这些地区气候温暖高湿,树冠茂密郁蔽,生态条件相对稳定,易使病虫蔓延孳生。据统计,我国已记载的茶树病害有100多种,茶树害虫有840多种,给茶叶生产带来了严重的威胁。茶叶是一种天然保健饮品,并被称誉为21世纪的健康饮料,当今全球有近半数人饮茶。茶叶是以嫩梢为主要收获物的经济作物,传统的化学防治方法给茶叶产品带来农残超标、生态系统恶化等严重问题。随着现代绿色消费和重返自然观念的兴起,绿色食品茶、有机茶成为当今无公害食品开发的一个热点,如何有效解决茶园病虫害的无公害…     

2021年新疆棉花重大病虫害发生趋势

根据2020年新疆维吾尔自治区棉花主要病虫害发生情况,结合越冬基数、气候条件等因素,预测了2021年棉花重大病虫害发生趋势,为及时做好新疆棉花病虫害防控工作提供参考。     

机采茶园病虫发生特点与防控技术总结

针对机采茶树生长特性及其病虫害发生特点,提出以选择抗病品种、提高树体抗逆性、建立良好生态系统为基础,农业措施、物理措施、生物药剂防控相结合的综合防控手段,确保茶产品安全质量符合绿色食品卫生要求。     

福州市五爪金龙（Ipomoea cairica）的主要病虫害种类

首次对福州市外来入侵植物五爪金龙（Ipomoea cairica）的病虫害种类进行了较为系统调查,结果发现昆虫有甘薯褐龟甲（Leccoptera quadrimaculata）、甘薯小绿龟甲（Cassida circumdata）2种;病害为炭疽病,鉴定为胶胞炭疽菌（Colletotrichumgloeosporioides）,室内接种表明其致病力较弱。从根部土壤分离到双宫螺旋线虫（Helicotylenchus dihystera）、燕麦滑刃线虫（Aphelenchus avenae）、螺旋线虫（Helicotylenchussp.）、滑刃线虫（Aphelenchoidessp.）、丝尾垫刃线虫（Filenchussp.）等5种病原线虫。冻害在福州地区可发生,但不会造成植株死亡。以上表明五爪金龙的自然天敌种类很少,是造成福州地区五爪金龙为害严重的原因之一。     

汇丰立杀防治水稻主要害虫药效试验

52%汇丰立杀可湿性粉剂为吡虫啉WP和杀虫单原粉复配而成的新型杀虫剂 ,为探讨汇丰立杀对水稻稻飞虱、螟虫和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果及适用剂量 ,我们于2001～2002年进行了该药剂的田间药效试验 ,现将结果报道如下 :一、材料与方法1.供试药剂52%汇丰立杀可湿性粉剂(桐庐汇丰生化有     

Sprayer type and water volume influence pesticide deposition and control of insect pests and diseases in juice grapes

In a mature Vitis labrusca L. “Niagara” vineyard, we compared an airblast sprayer and an air-assisted rotary atomizer (AARA) low-volume sprayer for coverage of grape clusters and control of grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana. In addition, the effect of spray volume on control of fungal diseases was evaluated using the fungicides ziram and azoxystrobin applied with an airblast sprayer. For evaluation of coverage, sprayers applied kaolin clay at 28 kg/ha to grapevines while operating at low, medium and high water volumes. Kaolin residues on grape clusters were analyzed to compare the total amount of spray material deposited, percent of fruit surface covered, number of deposits, size of deposits and distance between deposits. There were no significant differences between sprayers or water volumes in the total amount of kaolin deposited on clusters, but the percent surface coverage was much greater on outside-facing berry surfaces (facing the sprayer) than inside-facing surfaces (facing the rachis). On the outside-facing berry surfaces, the airblast sprayer at 468 L/ha of water (medium volume) provided the highest percent coverage, the greatest density of deposits, the largest deposit diameter, and the smallest distance between deposits. On the inside-facing berry surfaces, the same sprayer–volume combination provided the highest percent coverage and greatest deposit diameter, but deposits from the airblast sprayer operating at 935 L/ha (high volume) had the smallest distance between deposits. No significant differences between sprayers or among water volumes were detected in the deposit density on the inside-facing berry surfaces. Bioassays of grape clusters sprayed with fenpropathrin or methoxyfenozide using the airblast or AARA sprayers at two water volumes revealed the greatest fruit protection from P. viteana at the higher volume for the airblast sprayer, but at the lower volume for the AARA sprayer. Spray volume of the airblast sprayer also affected disease control by the protectant fungicide ziram more than by the systemic fungicide azoxystrobin, with 468 L/ha providing better control than 187 L/ha. However, for most diseases, fungicide type was more influential than spray volume in determining the disease control outcome. The results of this study emphasize the need for appropriate water volumes relative to the sprayer and pesticide being used to optimize pest and disease control in juice grape vineyards.     

2020年新疆棉花主要病虫害发生概况

根据各地植保系统调查数据,概述了新疆维吾尔自治区2020年棉花主要病虫害总体发生情况,并从越冬基数、气象条件、作物布局与耕作制度及栽培品种等因素进行了综合分析,为做好全区棉花病虫害防治工作提供参考。     

用完善的生态系统防治稻田病虫害

本文简要论述了通过改善稻田生态系统,规范农事操作,保护和利用水稻害虫的天敌,合理使用农药化肥等措施,建立完善的稻田生态系统,并建立病、虫害监测机制。通过合理的耕作制度和栽培措施,保护和强化稻田生物的多样性,恢复和重组稻田生态系统的动态平衡,用完善的生态系统防治稻田病虫害。     

辽北稻区主要病虫害防治技术

本文着重介绍了辽北稻区稻瘟病、稻曲病、纹枯病、稻水象甲、二化螟等主要病虫害发生原因、防治最佳时期及药剂选择等。     

无公害甘蔗病虫综合防治

随着我国市场经济发展，人民生活水平的提高，对环境保护与健康意识的增强，消费者对无公害食品的需求日益增加，发展无公害蔗糖生产势在必行。我国加入WTO之后，虽然出口关税降低，但发达国家的“绿色”壁垒却增强了。因此，大力发展无公害农产品生产和绿色经济变得尤为迫切。发展无公害蔗糖生产，是增加农产品的经济、社会和生态效益，实现蔗糖生产持续健康发展的有效途径。     

松溪县无公害茶叶病虫综合防治技术

茶叶是我县农民的主要经济来源之一。做好无公害茶树病虫害的综合防治，发展无公害优质茶叶生产是我县茶叶产业健康发展的必然选择。为此，2005-2006年我们在松溪县河东茶场建立了无公害茶叶病虫综防技术示范区。现将示范区建设措施和结果报告如下。     

夏季茶园病虫害防治技术

夏季一般是指6～8月份。多数茶树病虫在一年中有一个发生发展的过程，一般情况下，早春，越冬病虫开始陆续苏醒并开始生长发育，但春季（春茶期间）气温低，病虫的发展缓慢，发生量也较少，一般不需采用化学防治。到了初夏，病虫已积累了一定数量，加上气温适宜，虫口发展很快，常出现发生高峰期或大发生现象。一年发生一代的害虫，防治期也多半在夏季。因此必须做好夏季茶园病虫害的防治工作。夏季发生的病虫种类很多，近年来需要采取防治措施的主要有茶小绿叶蝉、茶叶螨类、茶丽纹象甲、部分鳞翅目害虫、部分介壳虫、茶云纹叶枯病等。     

大豆主要病虫害研究概况--Ⅰ大豆线虫病

本文根据参加2004年2月在巴西伊瓜苏(Foz do Iguassu)召开的第七届世界大豆研究会议(Ⅶ Wodd Soybesn Research Conference)、第四届国际大豆加工与利用大会(Ⅳ Intemational Soybean Processing and Utilization Conference)和第三届巴西大豆会(Ⅲ Brazilian Soybean Congress)及对巴西大豆研究和生产情况的考察等资料，整理了国际上大豆主要病虫害发生情况和最新研究进展作一概要介绍，以供大豆研究者和生产者参考，本文介绍大豆线虫病。     

农作物病虫害专业化防治的应用

开展农作物病虫害防治工作,构建专业化防治组织尤为重要。简介了永兴县开展农作物病虫害专业防治的情况、组织形式及成效,分析了影响和制约专业化防治的因素,提出了对策和建议。     

崂山茶区茶树病虫害记述

崂山茶区地处我国茶区的最北缘，主要栽培品种于20世纪50年代由南方引进。在引进茶树的同时，茶树病虫也随之发生。为了明确崂山地区茶树……     

Propagation and release of natural enemies for control of cotton insect and mite pests in the United States

The state of the art for controlling four primary pests or pest complexes by augmentative releases of predators and parasitoids in the United States is reviewed. The pests are (1) the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), (2)_the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), (3) the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and (4) plant bugs, specifically Lygus spp. Rearing of the predators and parasitoids and identification and the use of behaviour-modifying chemicals are described and discussed.     

茶园病虫害生态控制实践和操作规范

茶叶作为一种国际贸易商品和全世界三大无酒精天然饮料之一,对其自然品质和卫生指标的检验在各国都较为严格.由于茶园病虫防治主要依赖化学农药,致使茶叶中农药残留量和有毒物质偏高往往成为茶叶销售和贸易中的一大难题,在国际茶叶贸易中曾多次发生销毁和索赔事件,引起广大消费者的不安.因此,探索茶园病虫防治的新对策势在必行,笔者对茶叶有害生物采用综合治理(Integratedpest management,IPM)策略和"预防为主,综合防治"植保工作方针.     

Resolving economic decisions for the simultaneous control of two pests,diseases or weeds

Models are presented that show how to derive economic thresholds and to optimize pesticide treatment rates for situations in which two pests coincide. A hypothetical example using a tank-mix of chlorpyrifos and MCPA to control leatherjackets and Viola arvensis in spring barley is presented. This demonstrates the effective lowering of thresholds as a result of reducing fixed costs of application. It is suggested that the models can be extended into n dimensions and that this will acoomodate n−1 pests.