微生态学理论和我国动物微生态制剂研究现状

随着使用抗生素的弊端日益凸现,动物微生态学理论及基于该理论的微生态制剂得到空前发展。本文简单概述了动物微生态制剂的基础理论和我国动物微生态制剂的研究现状,并对今后动物微生态制剂的发展动态和研究热点进行了展望。     

动物微生态制剂在养殖业中的作用机理及应用

动物微生态制剂(Microecologics)是指运用微生态原理研制的含有大量有益微生物的活菌制剂〔1〕,是一种新型饲料添加剂。动物微生态制剂无毒副作用、无耐药性、无残留、成本低,可以提高宿主免疫力,从而能促进动物健康和提高生产性能,目前在动物养殖业中已被广泛应用,将来有望成为抗生素最有潜力的替代品。1动物微生态制剂的作用机理1.1维持微生态平衡动物体内的微生物菌群处于平衡状态,有益微生物是优     

一种新型药物和饲料添加剂动物微生态制剂

本文介绍了动物微生态制剂的作用、机理、种类和应用及使用微生态制利时需要注意的几个问题,阐明动物微生态制剂是一种新型药物和饲料添加剂。     

动物微生态制剂在畜禽胃肠道疾病预防与治疗中的应用

近几年来 ,微生态制剂以其天然、无毒副作用、安全可靠、无残留、不污染环境等优点倍受世人关注 ,应用范围十分广泛 ,使用的种类也越来越多。例如 ,在养殖中使用的益生素、生物制菌王、调痢生、促菌生等。随着抗菌素和化学合成抗菌药物在畜禽胃肠疾病防治广泛长期使用 ,其弊端也日益明显 ,如引起内源性感染和二重感染、耐药菌的产生、动物机体免疫力下降以及药物的残留等 ,于是动物微生态学和动物微生态制剂的飞速发展成为必然 ,动物微生态制剂在畜禽胃肠道疾病预防与治疗中得到日益广泛的应用。1　动物微生态制剂动物微生态制剂 (AnimalMi…     

动物微生态制剂在畜牧业中的应用研究

当前,饲料微生态制剂以其无毒害、无残留、不产生抗药性等优点,作为理想的抗生素替代品,在畜牧生产中的应用日益广泛。本文分析了微生态制剂研究的热点及存在的问题,探讨了微生态制剂的发展前景,旨在为动物微生态制剂在畜牧业中的应用研究提供参考。     

微生态制剂在养殖业上的应用

１微生态制剂的概念微生态制剂是一类能被动物采食后，通过改善动物胃肠道微生态平衡，从而促进动物生长，提高饲料利用率，降低幼畜死亡率，防止消化道疾病的饲料添加剂。由于它是由正常菌群微生物制成的生物制品，因此又称活菌制剂或益生素。２分类根据制剂的用途和作用机制可分为微生态生长促进剂和微生态药物制剂；根据菌株组成可分为单一菌剂和复合菌剂；根据微生物的菌种类型可分为乳酸菌类制剂、芽孢杆菌类制剂、酵母类制剂、光和细菌（PSB）制剂等。２．１乳酸菌类制剂乳酸菌属肠道常在菌，能作为微生态制剂的双乳酸菌种类很多，…     

动物微生态制剂在畜牧业中的应用

微生态制剂又被称作生菌剂或者活菌制剂,主要用于补充畜禽消化道中的有益微生物元素,促进动物体内消化道菌群的平衡性与协调性。通过应用微生态制剂,可以提升畜禽对饲料的吸收能力以及对机体的抗病能力,最终满足动物生产需求。现重点从多个层面对动物微生态制剂在畜牧业中的实践应用展开分析。     

使用杂粕应注意

动物微生态制剂是根据微生态 学基本原理,利用动物体内正常的微 生物菌群,经鉴定、培养、干燥等工艺 制成的用于调节动物机体微生态平 衡的一类药物或饲料添加剂。一般分 为微生态调整剂、饲料添加剂、微生 态助长剂三大类。合理地使用微生态 制剂,能防止动物体内的微生态平衡 失调,防止动物的一系列疾病。     

动物微生态制剂的研究概况

动物微生态制剂指在微生态理论指导下，将从动物体内分离的有益微生物，经特殊工艺加工成的含活菌或菌体及其代谢产物的活菌制剂，又称为微生物饲料添加剂。世界上已有许多国家大量使用微生态制剂，如日本每年益生素用量在1000t以上。我国动物微生态制剂的研究起源于20世纪70年代末80年代初，90年代以后进入产业化研制、开发及大规模生产期。目前，微生态制剂已被公认为有希望取代抗生素的饲料添加剂。     

微生态制剂在动物生产中的应用

<正>微生态制剂是指在微生态理论指导下,采用已知有益微生物,经培养、发酵、干燥等特殊工艺制成的含有活菌并用于动物的生物制剂或活菌制剂。1微生态制剂的分类按照微生态制剂产品形式和作     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。