共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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晋中地区机旱农业模式化“机旱农业”即机械化有机旱作农业的简称。是指在暂不具备或难以发展水利灌溉的旱地,采用以平田整地、蓄水保墒、培肥地力为主要措施的机械化组合配套耕作技术、也是集工程建设、机械作业、生物措施和现代农艺于一体的农业系统工程。80年代末,... 相似文献
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一、机械深松整地技术概述 深松整地技术,是随着旱作农业耕作法的不断改革和发展,特别是保护性耕作技术的推广,而形成的适合不同类型区域、不同耕作方法和土壤的一种机械化生产作业方式,对于改善土壤耕层结构.打破犁底层,提高土壤蓄水保墒和提高能力。促进粮食增产具有重要的作用。 相似文献
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开展农机深松整地作业可以增强土壤蓄水保墒能力,提高耕地质量和综合生产能力,是促进农业增产增效的一项重要技术措施。机械深松整地作为土壤耕作的一项重要技术,在国内越来越受农民的欢迎和各方面的重视。 相似文献
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机械化旱地保护性耕作技术是对传统的耕作制度方面的一项改革 ,它改变了传统的铧式犁翻耕作业 ,而以少耕免耕、秸秆残茬覆盖、深松为基础的旱地保护性作业替代。保护性耕作减少田间作业工序 ,可提高农业耕作土壤的蓄水、蓄热、保墒和培肥的能力 ,以及水土流失 ,减少风沙危害 ,提高粮食产量和劳动生产率 ,保护生态环境 ,促进农业可持续发展。本文以机械化旱地保护性耕作技术在翁牛特旗的发展前景为题做一探讨。1 发展保护性耕作技术的必要性1.1 地理位置、气候条件翁牛特旗位于内蒙古赤峰中部 ,是环京津地区沙源治理的重点地区 ,全旗属于中… 相似文献
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深松作业是指拖拉机配挂深松机或带有深松部件的联合整地机等机具,进行行间或全方位深层土壤耕作的机械化整地技术。应用这种技术对于改善土壤耕层结构,打破犁底层,提高土壤蓄水保墒能力,促进粮食增产具有重要的作用。 相似文献
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实施旋耕深松联合整地技术,是解决当前土地板结严重,耕地质量下降,提高综合生产能力的重要举措。本文通过不同耕作模式的对比试验,证明旋耕深松联合整地技术是有效增强土壤蓄水保墒和抗旱防涝能力、改善土壤综合生产效率,节能减耗,提高作物产量的一项重要技术。 相似文献
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地膜覆盖拓新路旱地小麦夺丰收□文喜70年代,闻喜县农机局探索并总结出闻名全国的“蓄水保墒、伏雨春用”的旱地小麦耕作法。之后,他们依靠机械化手段,实施秸秆还田,把这种耕作方法提高到了一个新的水平。在各级农机部门的支持下,他们从1995年开始,大胆创新,... 相似文献
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深松作业是提高农业综合生产能力,保障国家粮食安全,促进农业可持续发展的强有力技术支撑。深松整地可打破犁底层,增强土壤蓄水保墒能力,提高耕地质量和综合生产能力,特别是对于保护性耕作连续实施3~5年的土地,更具有现实意义。 相似文献
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农业保护性耕作机械化技术值得大力推广 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
围绕西部大开发生态环境保护和建设,改革传统农业耕作模式,必须大力发展耕地保护性耕作机械化技术。昌吉州农机推广站从2001年起重点对该技术配套机具进行了引进及田间试验示范,现就该技术对农业生产起到的作用和效果进行简介。保护性耕作机械化技术主要包括以下几个内容:一是少(免)耕机械化技术;二是联合整地播种技术;三是深松蓄水保墒技术;四是残膜机械回收技术;五是农作物秸秆机械化还田技术;六是旱作农业节水机械化技术。以上几种机械化技术的合理组装配套应用,将打破以往的传统农业种植模式,更科学地利用科技含量更高的机械… 相似文献
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辽宁玉米全膜覆盖高产栽培技术 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
玉米全膜覆盖栽培技术是一项集保温增墒、集雨增墒为一体的增产技术。介绍玉米全膜覆盖高产栽培技术各主要环节的操作要点。经示范种植,得到平均产量达734.8kg/667m2,较裸地增产177.2kg/667m2,保温抗旱效果十分显著。 相似文献
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骆文光 《中国农村水利水电》1994,(9)
利用免耕垄作覆盖技术提高耕地抗旱能力是解决灌溉问题的又一条途径。根据水稻采用免耕垄作覆盖技术进行全旱栽培,能在一般干旱下免灌取得高产的初试成果,证明该技术能建立和保持良好土壤结构状态,充分储蓄利用天然降雨,减少蒸发,防止水土流失,从而提高耕地自肥能力和抗旱能力.实现稳产增收和省水、省肥、省工。 相似文献
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北方旱作农业区耕作体系关键技术 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
对构成北方旱作区蓄水保墒耕作体系的关键技术进行了阐述,以地表覆盖、少耕免耕技术为核心,以联合作业为手段,达到蓄水保墒、培肥地力的目的.总结出了6项新技术:一次完成玉米秸秆、根茬粉碎并部分覆埋复合作业的秸秆根茬联合处理技术;在同一刀辊与刀盘上完成旋耕、碎茬两种作业的旋耕碎茬通用技术;只在种床部分进行少量耕作(或只开沟)的条带少(免)耕精密播种技术;垄上覆膜沟内播种的起垄膜侧沟播技术;利用仿生学设计土壤耕作部件的机械仿生减阻技术;无秸秆种床进行免耕播种的免耕播种秸秆防堵技术.同时给出了耕作体系构成图. 相似文献
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李泽锋 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(8):74-75
玉米全膜覆盖栽培技术是一项集保温增墒、集雨增墒为一体的增产技术。介绍玉米全膜覆盖高产栽培技术各主要环节的操作要点。经示范种植,得到平均产量达734.8kg/667m2,较裸地增产177.2kg/667m2,保温抗旱效果十分显著。 相似文献
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Water availability in rainfed coffee agroecosystems is an important factor in determining the production success of the crop. In this study, an estimate of soil water capture and storage was conducted in order to understand the differences of soil water availability among coffee farms or various management intensities, distinguished here by differences in shade cover level. Measurements of effective soil depression storage, leaf litter and soil moisture were taken in each of the sites. These measurements were taken to better understand how different shade coffee systems may gain or lose opportunities to keep water within the system due to contributions of shade. Three sites of varying shade were chosen in the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico. The medium (30-50% cover) shade site was found to be more effective for precipitation capture when compared to the low (10-30% cover) shade site because of a larger value of effective depression storage (t-test, p = 0.05) due to increased soil roughness. This conclusion was supported by significantly higher soil moisture measurements in the medium shade site when compared to the low shade site in the dry season (repeated measure GLM, p = 0.001). The high shade (60-80% cover) site was found to have a greater slope than the other two sites, yielding smaller effective storage capacities; yet the high shade site was able to retain 15% of the available rainfall during the dry season through surface storage, possibly because of greater leaf litter and other shade contributions. Farmers may consider the use of shade trees within coffee farms as a practical method toward preserving water within the agroecosystem. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Water Management》2001,48(1):61-78
Water vapor adsorption by the soil in Mediterranean ecosystems is very important to plant growth. We hypothesized that relative air humidity, soil texture, soil water content, and soil surface conditions affect water vapor adsorption. These factors were studied in four areas in Greece with semi-arid climatic conditions on four soils classified as Xerochrept. The study was conducted on hilly areas with various physiographic and microclimatic conditions greatly affecting daily fluctuations of air humidity. Time domain reflectometers (TDR) continuously monitored soil water content at depths 5, 10 and 25 cm. Rainfall, open pan water evaporation, air temperature, and relative air humidity were measured every 40 s, averaged, and recorded on data loggers every hour. Two weighing lysimeters were used to confirm soil water data measured by TDR-electrodes.The obtained data indicated that night-time water vapor adsorption is very important for areas characterized by high oscillation of air humidity (>25%), favored under certain physiographic and microclimatic conditions. Daily water vapor adsorption by the soil was inversely proportional related to the minimum air humidity, while adsorption increased proportionally as the daily amplitude of humidity increased. Cumulative water vapor adsorption decreased during the dry period as the amount of clay content increased. The depth of penetration of wetness increased as the amplitude of fluctuation in soil water content in the upper 5 cm soil layer increased. The presence of dense perennial shrubs growing in close contact with the soil surface greatly reduced water vapor adsorption by restricting the diurnal fluctuations in air humidity in the soil–atmosphere interface. Rock fragments or plant residues on the soil surface slightly reduced water vapor adsorption but greatly favored soil water conservation. The amount of water vapor adsorbed by the soil may satisfy up to 70% of the loss of water through evaporation during the dry period under semi-arid climatic conditions. 相似文献