以免疫荧光染色法快速诊断鸡传染性支气管炎病毒

以免疫荧光染色法快速诊断鸡传染性支气管炎病毒利用鸡胚气管环培养（ＴＯＣ）是分离临诊材料中传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）最有效的方法。利用免疫荧光（ＩＦ）染色确定ＴＯＣ中的ＩＢＶ，以１９－２０日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚气管切成６００μｍ厚的环，ＩＢＶ在ＴＯＣ传代多次...     

气管环组织培养的一种简易方法探讨

气管环组织培养的一种简易方法探讨杨小燕，甘孟侯（中国农业大学动物医学院，北京１０００９４）气管环组织培养（ＴＯＣ）作为研究鸡传染性支气管炎（ＩＢＶ）的一个重要手段，已越来越受到重视。ＴＯＣ不仅可用于ＩＢＶ的分离、毒力测定，还可用于ＩＢＶ的血清分型￣［...     

应用气管环组织培养鉴定鸡传染性鼻气管炎病毒

气管环组织培养 (ＴＯＣ)是用于鸡传染性鼻气管炎病毒 (ＴＲＴＶ)分离、鉴定和血清学检查的有效方法 ,Ｂｕｙ、ＭｃＤｏｎｇａｌｌ、Ｃｏｏｋ等应用ＴＯＣ已成功地分离到ＴＲＴＶ。我们曾用ＴＯＣ鸡胚成纤维细胞 (ＣＥＦ)、绿猴肾细胞 (ＶＥＲＯ)对可疑的鸡传染性鼻气管炎病鸡进行野毒株分离 ,证明ＴＯＣ比ＣＥＦ、ＶＥＲＯ细胞更适于ＴＲＴＶ的分离和鉴定。经过鸡胚传代、电镜观察和中和试验等初步鉴定为鸡传染性鼻气管炎病毒 ,并通过理化特性和病原学的特性作进一步研究。1　材料与方法1 .1　病毒及血清标准株 :ＮＬ 7784株。分离株 :上海…     

鸡传染性支气管炎肾型弱毒株J9的免疫原性试验

以不同剂量（１０＾３．８￣１０＾４．９ＴＯＣＩＤ５０／只）的ＩＢ肾型弱毒株９免疫接种１５￣７０日龄ＳＰＦ鸡,然后用部分国内分离的ＩＢＶ肾型强毒株ＨＶ、ＮＢ９０、Ｌ－１、ＪＴ和国外肾型标准强毒株Ｔ攻击。三次试验初步表明,Ｊ９株具有对 强毒株攻击的不同程度的免疫保护作用。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒TK基因缺失株与野毒株PCR鉴别诊断方法的研究

根据已发表的牛传染性敢管炎病毒（ＩＢＲＶ）ＴＫ基因和ｇＢ基因序列，应用Ｏｌｉｇｏ４．１程序设计两对引物ＰＴＫ１和ＰＴＫ２及ＰＢ１和ＰＢ２，分别对已构建的ＴＫ基因缺失（ＴＫ）ＩＢＲＶ以及ＩＢＲＶＬＡ株、洛精、美精、ＢａｒｔｈａＮｕ／６７株、Ｂ７株、云南－１和云南－２分离株进行了ＰＣＲ扩增，结果显示７株ＩＢＲＶＤＮＡ用引物ＰＴＫ１和ＰＴＫ２扩增产生４５７ｂｐ的特异性片段，而ＴＫＩＢＲＶ只出现１１０ｂｐ     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株VP2基因高可变区酶切位点分析

参照澳大利亚鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ）００２７３ 毒株基因组序列设计的 １ 对引物,位于 Ｖ Ｐ２ 高可变区两端,通过 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ,扩增了 ５ 个 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ 山东分离株 Ｖ Ｐ２ 基因的 ６０７～１ ０８０ 位核苷酸片段（ａａ２０３～３０６）。 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 产物经纯化后,分别用 Ｄｒａ Ⅰ、 Ｓａｃ Ⅰ、 Ｓｓｐ Ⅰ、 Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ和 Ｓａｕ３ Ａ Ｉ共 ５ 种限制性内切酶（ Ｒ Ｅ）进行消化处理,结果 ５ 个分离株均为 Ｄｒａ Ⅰ（－ ）、 Ｓａｃ Ⅰ（－ ）和 Ｓａｕ ３ Ａ Ｉ（＋ ）, Ｌ Ｃ２ 和 Ｔ Ａ 株为 Ｓｓｐ Ⅰ（＋ ）, Ｌ Ｃ１ 和 Ｊ Ｎ 株为 Ｓｓｐ Ⅰ（－ ）, Ｌ Ｃ１ 和 Ｌ Ｃ２ 株为 Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ（＋ ）, Ｊ Ｎ、 Ｌ Ｌ 和 Ｔ Ａ 株为 Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ（－ ）;５ 个分离株的酶切图谱与美国变异株迥异,而 Ｔ Ａ 株与日本超强毒株 ９０１１ 相类似。５ 个分离株与现用疫苗株对比,至少在 Ｖ Ｐ２ 可变区内存在着一定的差异,这可能是 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ 接种免疫鸡群仍然暴发 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ 的原因之一。     

用单抗介导的荧光抗体技术检测鸡尿囊细胞内传染性支气管炎病毒的研究

用传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）Ｈ１２０、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１、ＡＲＫ、澳大利亚Ｔ株、野外分离株ＲＳ、ＲＹ及鸡新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）、鸡传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ），鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ＩＬＴＶ）、减蛋综合症病毒（ＥＤＳＶ）等分别接种９日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚，３７℃孵育４８小时后，将其尿囊液离心，沉淀用ＰＢＳ悬浮，涂片，用抗ＩＢＶ单抗ＭＣ作一抗、进行间接荧光抗体检测。结果：Ｈ１２Ｏ、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１“ＡＲＫ、Ｔ株及ＲＳ、ＲＹ均显阳性，而ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＤＶ、ＩＬＴＶ、ＥＤＳＶ均为阴性。结果表明、用此法检测鸡胚尿囊液中ＩＢＶ．具有快速、敏感、特异的优点。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒血凝谱

用鸡传染性支气管炎病毒标准毒株Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１、Ｔ、Ｎ１１５、ＩＢＶ６２株及国内华中（ＨＺ）、华东（ＨＤ）、华南（ＨＮ）、华北（ＨＢ）、东北（ＤＢ）及西北（ＸＢ）等地方性分离株试验,研究ＩＢＶ血凝特性。结果表明,ＩＢＶ不直接凝集鸡、牛、兔、小白鼠、仓鼠、猪、鹅、马、绵羊及人的“Ｏ”型红细胞;１％胰蛋白酶３７℃作用ＩＢＶ４ｈ后,可凝集鸡、兔、小白鼠、仓鼠、鹅等动物红细胞;１０％乙醚３７℃作用ＩＢＶ２ｈ后,可凝集鸡、牛、小白鼠、仓鼠、鹅、绵羊及人的“Ｏ”型红细胞;１％卵磷脂酶Ｃ３７℃作用ＩＢＶ４ｈ后,可凝集鸡、兔、小白鼠、仓鼠、鹅等动物红细胞。     

山羊实验感染绵羊进行性肺炎病毒的抗体应答反应

用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验（ＡＧＩＤＴ）和免疫印迹试验（ＩＢＡ）对山羊实验感染绵羊进行性肺炎病毒（ＯＰＰＶ）的抗体应答反应进行了研究。结果,用ＡＧＩＤＴ和ＩＢＡ都可在接毒山羊的血清中检测到ＯＰＰＶ的抗体。ＡＧＩＤＴ最早于接毒后１５ｄ检测到抗体;ＩＢＡ最早于接毒后４ｄ检测到抗ＯＰＰＶ的ｇｐ４４和ｐ２８的抗体,以后又陆续检测到抗ｐ９４、ｐ１４和ｇｐ１２５的抗体。由此看出,ＩＢＡ比ＡＧＩＤＴ更为敏感。本研究结果表明,ＯＰ－ＰＶ可在山羊体内诱生较强的体液免疫应答反应,因此用ＯＰＰＶ通过山羊体传代的方法可能会得到具有良好抗原性的ＯＰＰＶ毒株。     

鸡肾病变型传染性支气管炎病毒分离及免疫的研究

对自然发生的鸡肾病变型传染性支气管炎病例,进行了流行病学及病理化方面的检验。以新鲜病死鸡肾脏为材料,通过接种易感发育鸡胚尿囊腔的途径,进行病毒的分离与传代,分离到５株病毒（分别记作ＩＶＢ－ＨＱＣ９６０１、ＩＢＶ－ＨＱＣ８６０４、ＩＢＶ－ＨＱＬ９６０６、ＩＢＶ－ＨＱＣ９６１０、ＩＢＶ－ＨＴＬ９６１１）,经初步检验及对易感鸡的感染发病试验,表明为鸡肾病变型传染性气管炎病毒。用鸡肾病变型传染性气管炎Ｔ毒株分离毒株,制备灭活疫苗,初步试验表明具有良好的特异免疫保护效果。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.