不同藜麦品种(系)在寒旱山区的种植表现

为探明不同藜麦品种在寒旱山区的适应性与丰产性,筛选出适宜种植的优良藜麦品种。以陇藜1号、陇藜4号为对照,对引进的8个藜麦品种(系)在天祝县松山镇进行种植试验。结果表明,8个藜麦品种(系)均能成熟,折合产量为1 529.02~3 391.76 kg/hm2,其中LYLM-5折合产量最高,为3 391.76 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇黎1号、陇黎4号分别增产13.79%、20.98%;青藜4号、蒙藜4号折合产量较高,分别为3 313.53、3 255.10 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇黎1号分别增产11.16%、9.20%,较对照品种陇黎4号分别增产18.19%、16.11%;黑藜1号、GSQ-9的农艺性状及产量表现最差。综合评价认为,LYLM-5、蒙藜4号适宜在天祝县松山镇范围内推广种植。     

陇中旱作区藜麦引种比较试验初报

为筛选出适宜会宁县旱作区种植的藜麦品种，促进藜麦产业的发展。以藜麦新品种陇藜2号为对照品种，对引进的10个藜麦品种(系)在会宁旱作区进行比较试验。结果表明，在当地旱作区栽培条件下，参试藜麦品种(系)均能正常成熟，折合产量为2 341.7～3 091.7 kg/hm2，其中以18-19的折合产量最高，为3 091.7 kg/hm2，较对照品种陇藜2号增产13.80%；其次是YY32，折合产量为3 008.3 kg/hm2，较对照品种陇藜2号增产10.73%。这2个品系综合性状表现优异，株高适中，果穗紧凑，单株重量较大，增产潜力较大。综合考虑会宁旱作区的生产需要，认为18-19和YY32适宜在会宁县旱作区种植。     

藜麦种子萌发阶段响应干旱和盐胁迫变化的综合评价

随着我国藜麦产业不断发展和利用边际性土地种植规模的扩大,藜麦种子萌发阶段对干旱和盐胁迫的响应研究越来越受到重视。本文采用室内PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫和NaCl模拟盐胁迫,通过测定发芽率、发芽势、长度和鲜重等8个指标,对5个藜麦品种(系)(‘南非2号’‘陇藜1号’‘陇藜4号’、HTH-y605、HTH-01)种子萌发期对干旱和盐胁迫的响应进行综合评价研究,并利用主成分分析方法评价藜麦的抗旱性和耐盐性,指出抗旱性和耐盐性的主要评价指标。结果表明:在藜麦萌发阶段抗旱性综合评价中,主成分分析将8个指标归类为2个成分因子,各成分分别以相对长度和相对发芽率载荷量最大,可作为藜麦萌发期抗旱性主要鉴定指标。抗旱性强弱顺序为:‘南非2号’HTH-01‘陇藜4号’‘陇藜1号’HTH-y605。在其耐盐性综合评价中,通过主成分分析将8个指标归类为3个成分因子,相对长度、相对发芽率和相对发芽指数分别为各成分因子上最大的载荷,可以作为藜麦萌发期耐盐性的主要鉴定指标,耐盐性强弱顺序为:HTH-01HTH-y605‘陇藜4号’‘陇藜1号’‘南非2号’。相关性分析结果显示,不同藜麦品种萌发阶段抗旱性与耐盐性之间无明显相关性。研究发现藜麦不同品种在抗旱性和耐盐性具有遗传多样性,其机制有待进一步研究。研究结论对藜麦抗逆机理研究和品种选育有一定的参考价值,为当前中低产田开发利用提供了理论和数据支持。     

海拔对藜麦苗期生理指标的影响

选择甘肃省不同海拔地区,以国内首个藜麦品种陇藜1号为材料,测定不同海拔对藜麦苗期叶片生理指标的影响。结果表明,随海拔的升高,藜麦叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量先升高后下降;MDA含量和O₂-产生速率升高后下降再升高,在海拔最高(2 130 m)处达到最大值;SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性先升高后下降。说明随海拔的升高,藜麦叶片通过积累渗透调节物质和提高抗氧化酶活性,以清除多余的活性氧物质,维持细胞渗透势平衡,缓解环境变化对其生长造成的伤害。     

不同密度对旱地藜麦产量性状的影响

为了确定藜麦在白银市种植的适宜密度,以品种银藜1号为试验材料,采用方差分析和处理间多重比较差异显著性分析,试验观察了不同定植密度对藜麦生育期、主要性状以及产量的影响。结果表明,定植密度为株距40 cm、行距50 cm时,银藜1号的性状、产量表现最好,折合产量为1 791.67 kg/hm2,建议推广应用。     

不同藜麦品种在东乡半干旱区的适应性表现

为探明不同藜麦品种在东乡地区的适应性与丰产性表现,以期筛选出适合东乡地区种植推广的藜麦品种,对引进和自育的14个藜麦品种在东乡不同生态区进行了适应性试验,结果表明,在老庄村试点,品种陇藜1号(CK)表现出良好的抗倒伏性与丰产性,陇藜5号表现出良好的抗倒伏性与较好的丰产性;在米家村试点和南阳洼村试点,陇藜5号均表现出良好的抗倒伏性与丰产性。陇藜5号表现出优异的早熟特性,籽粒品相也优于陇藜1号。综合评价认为,陇藜5号在东乡半干旱地区具有更高的推广价值。     

4个藜麦品种在陇东旱作区幼苗生长量及生理生化指标分析

在陇东旱作区测定了4个藜麦品种幼苗的株高、根长、生物量及叶片可溶性糖、脯氨酸、MDA、抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标,结果表明,4个供试藜麦品种抗旱的生理生化指标以陇藜1号适应性表现最优,陇藜4号表现次之。     

海拔和经纬度对藜麦生长及品质的影响

为确定藜麦在甘肃省的适宜种植区,通过对甘肃省12个生态区(7市12县)种植的藜麦进行田间调查及分析检测,探讨海拔和经纬度对藜麦生育期、长势及籽粒品质的影响.结果表明,地理位置对藜麦生育期、长势和籽粒品质均具有显著影响,变异程度由高到低依次为生育期、产量、品质、株高.藜麦生育期与海拔呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),而与经...     

旱作藜麦养分吸收规律及养分限制因子研究

为明确旱作藜麦的养分吸收特征,开展田间试验研究藜麦对氮、磷、钾养分需求规律及其养分限制因子,以期为旱作藜麦大面积推广和高效生产提供合理的施肥方案。本试验以‘陇藜1号’为材料开展大田肥料缺素试验,分析在全施肥区不同生育期藜麦的干物质量、养分含量及积累量。结果表明:孕穗期和灌浆期是藜麦整个生育期内干物质累积量最大和日累积量增长最快的两个阶段,其中孕穗期干物质累积量占干物质总量的48.14%,且单株干物质日累积量为6.42 g,灌浆期干物质累积量占干物质总量的27.93%,且单株干物质日累积量为1.58 g;藜麦对氮素的吸收量和吸收速率在花期-孕穗期这一阶段达到最大值,吸收量占吸收总量的29.97%,吸收速率达到7.15 kg·hm~(-2)·d~(-1);藜麦对磷素吸收量最大的生育期是孕穗-灌浆期,为17.49 kg·hm~(-2),占总量的32.70%,但吸收速率却在花期-孕穗期最高,为0.96 kg·hm~(-2)·d~(-1);孕穗期-灌浆期是藜麦对钾吸收量最高的时期,为103.24 kg·hm~(-2),占总量的31.09%,吸收速率在花期-孕穗期最快,为6.30 kg·hm~(-2)·d~(-1)。单位面积氮、磷、钾吸收累积量分别为353.88、53.63、333.62 kg·hm~(-2),其比例为6.60∶1∶6.22。氮磷钾全施显著提高藜麦的产量,缺氮、缺磷、缺钾、全施处理与没有施肥处理相比较,增产幅度为18.2%～118%,所有施氮的处理比不施氮的处理增产84.2%,所有施磷的处理比不施磷的处理增产37.4%,所有施钾的处理比不施钾的处理增产5.7%,限制藜麦生长及产量的养分因子大小顺序为氮磷钾。     

不同地膜覆盖栽培对寒旱山区藜麦生长发育的影响

天祝县是国内最适宜种植藜麦的地区之一,近年来随着覆膜栽培技术的应用,藜麦产量得到大幅提高,但土壤生态环境遭到一定程度的破坏,为筛选出适宜寒旱山区藜麦栽培应用且环保的覆盖材料。以露地种植为对照,研究了白色地膜、黑色地膜、银灰色可降解地膜等不同地膜覆盖栽培对藜麦生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,覆盖不同地膜均能使藜麦的生育时期提前、生育期缩短、产量提高。其中覆盖白色地膜时促使藜麦生育时期提前和生育期缩短的效果较为明显;覆盖黑色地膜、银灰色可降解地膜时灭草效果相对较好。覆盖白色地膜、黑色地膜、银灰色可降解地膜的平均折合产量分别为2 748.37、3 483.66、3 088.24 kg/hm2,较对照露地种植分别增产7.41%、36.14%、20.69%。综上认为,银灰色可降解地膜可作为既增产又环保的藜麦覆膜栽培覆盖材料在寒旱山区应用。     

Improving Strategic Growth Stage-based Drought Tolerance in Quinoa by Rhizobacterial Inoculation

ABSTRACT

Climate change is imposing high temperature resulting in prolonged drought episodes and shrinking of fresh water resources across the globe. In this scenario, even drought tolerant crops like quinoa are also losing significant yield. However, this study was planned to investigate the impact of drought on quinoa at critical growth stages and bacterial inoculation to improve drought tolerance. Drought was imposed by maintaining 25% pot water holding capacity (PWC) at multiple leaf, flowering, and seed filling stage (DSFS), while 80% PWC was considered as control. Three strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) named as: Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Azospirillum brasilense were inoculated with quinoa seeds before sowing with respect to drought treatments. PGPR inoculation mitigated the drastic effects of drought by improving crop growth, net assimilation rate, water use efficiency, leaf chlorophyll, and phenolic contents, all of these ultimately contributed to improvement in grain yield and its contributing attributes. Moreover, PGPR markedly improves the grain quality attributes including protein, phosphorus, and potassium contents. Principal component analysis linked the different scales of study and demonstrated the potential of physio-biochemical traits to explain the quinoa yield variations under drought condition with response to PGPR inoculation. Among different PGPR, A. brasilense was found most effective both under normal and drought conditions. Overall, DSFS has more detrimental effects among critical growth stages of quinoa and A. brasilense can be used as a shotgun tactic to ameliorate drought stress in quinoa.     

贵州喀斯特地区降雨与坡面土壤侵蚀关系研究

为研究贵州喀斯特地区降雨与坡面土壤侵蚀的关系,选取位于黔南州龙里县的羊鸡冲小流域径流小区进行降雨产沙观测。采用回归分析方法对雨量、雨强和泥沙关系进行相关分析。5种不同种植模式的径流小区线性、多项式关系分析表明,降雨量和产沙量相关性较高,相关系数均超过了0.5。线性、多项式显著性检查表明,5种不同种植模式在0.05的显著性水平上,降雨量—泥沙量均呈显著正相关;而雨强和产沙量关系并不明显,决定系数均在0.1左右。此外,该文还探讨了坡面产沙的其它影响因素,如林冠截留、土壤入渗等。     

EFFECT OF MIXED-SALT SALINITY ON GROWTH AND ION RELATIONS OF A QUINOA AND A WHEAT VARIETY

ABSTRACT

Salinity is among the most widespread and prevalent problems in irrigated agriculture. Many members of the family Chenopodiaceae are classified as salt tolerant. One member of this family, which is of increasing interest, is quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) which is able to grow on poorer soils. Salinity sensitivity studies of quinoa were conducted in the greenhouse on the cultivar, “Andean Hybrid” to determine if quinoa had useful mechanisms for salt tolerant studies. For salt treatment we used a salinity composition that would occur in a typical soil in the San Joaquin Valley of California using drainage waters for irrigation. Salinity treatments (EC_i ) ranging from 3, 7, 11, to 19?dS?m^?1 were achieved by adding MgSO₄, Na₂SO₄, NaCl, and CaCl₂ to the base nutrient solution. These salts were added incrementally over a four-day period to avoid osmotic shock to the seedlings. The base nutrient solution without added salt served as the non-saline control solution (3?dS?m^?1). Solution pH was uncontrolled and ranged from 7.7 to 8.0. For comparative purposes, we also examined Yecora Rojo, a semi-dwarf wheat, Triticum aestivum L. With respect to salinity effects on growth in quinoa, we found no significant reduction in plant height or fresh weight until the electrical conductivity exceeded 11?dS?m^?1. The growth was characteristic of a halophyte with a significant increase in leaf area at 11?dS?m^?1 as compared with 3?dS?m^?1 controls. As to wheat, plant fresh and dry weight, canopy height, and leaf area did not differ between controls (3?dS?m^?1) and plants grown at 7?dS?m^?1. Beyond this threshold, however, plant growth declined. While both quinoa and wheat exhibited increasing Na⁺ accumulation with increasing salinity levels, the percentage increase was greater in wheat. Examination of ion ratios indicated that K⁺:Na⁺ ratio decreased with increasing salinity in both species. The decrease was more dramatic in wheat. A similar observation was also made with respect to the Ca²⁺:Na⁺ ratios. However, a difference between the two species was found with respect to changes in the level of K⁺ in the plant. In quinoa, leaf K⁺ levels measured at 19?dS?m^?1 had decreased by only 7% compared with controls. Stem K⁺ levels were not significantly affected. In wheat, shoot K⁺ levels had decreased by almost 40% at 19?dS?m^?1. Correlated with these findings, we measured no change in the K⁺:Na⁺ selectivity with increasing salinity in quinoa leaves and only a small increase in stems. In wheat however, K⁺:Na⁺ selectivity at 3?dS?m^?1 was much higher than in quinoa and decreased significantly across the four salinity levels tested. A similar situation was also noted with Ca²⁺:Na⁺ selectivity. We concluded that the greater salt tolerance found in quinoa relative to wheat may be due to a variety of mechanisms.     

遥感调查中耕地解译面积精准核算

扣除小地物和线状地物是提高遥感调查中耕地解译面积精度的重要手段。该文选择安徽省濉溪县为研究区,以高分1号16 m多光谱影像作为数据源,在解译耕地面积的基础上,采用遥感解译与GIS空间运算相结合的方法对线状地物进行扣除,采用布设抽样样方的方法对小地物进行扣除,对研究区耕地解译面积进行精准核算。结果表明:1)濉溪县解译耕地面积为1 320.64 km~2,广泛分布于全区,主要集中在中部和南部的四铺镇、百善镇、铁佛镇等地区,北部地区耕地分布相对较少;2)濉溪县共有45.14 km~2的线状地物被解译为耕地,占整个研究区耕地解译面积的3.42%;3)濉溪县小地物平均扣除系数为3.51%,遥感解译耕地面积中有44.77 km2的小地物被解译为耕地;4)扣除线状地物和小地物后,濉溪县耕地面积为1 230.73 km~2,全县解译耕地面积误差由6.57%降到0.68%,全部样方遥感解译平均误差的总体差异并不明显,单个样方在扣除小地物前后存在一定的差异。研究可为提高耕地解译面积精度提供思路与借鉴。     

亚麻荠根系分泌物对胡麻和藜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为了探究亚麻荠根系分泌物对胡麻和杂草藜的化感作用，采用水培法观察了亚麻荠根系分泌物对胡麻和藜种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，亚麻荠根系分泌物对胡麻和藜种子的萌发具有抑制作用，且抑制作用随着处理浓度的增加而增强。亚麻荠根系分泌物对胡麻根长、根鲜重、苗鲜重具有抑制作用，在低处理浓度时对胡麻苗高具有促进作用，在中、高处理浓度时抑制作用较小；对杂草藜幼苗生长具有抑制作用，但抑制作用较小。综合分析，亚麻荠根系分泌物在低处理浓度时对胡麻生长的抑制作用小于对藜的抑制作用，在中、高处理浓度时大于对藜的抑制作用。     

基于岭脊分析的藜麦淀粉提取及糊化特性研究

为优化藜麦淀粉碱法提取工艺,以藜麦为试验材料,采用岭脊分析法研究料液比、NaOH 质量分数和浸提时间对淀粉提取率的影响,并对藜麦淀粉的颗粒形貌、化学结构及淀粉糊化特性进行研究。结果表明,碱法提取藜麦淀粉的优化工艺参数为料液比1：5 g/mL、NaOH质量分数0.2%和浸提时间5.5 h,淀粉提取率为98.94%±0.26%;藜麦淀粉为限制性膨胀淀粉,形态多呈不规则形,具有-OH、-CH2、-CHO、C-O-C和吡喃环典型淀粉分子官能团;随静置时间增加,淀粉透光率降低,凝沉体积增加,12 h后基本稳定;藜麦淀粉糊第四次冻融循环后达到稳定状态;对淀粉凝胶质构特性分析,硬度、内聚性、弹性、胶黏性和咀嚼性5个指标都随藜麦淀粉糊浓度增加而增大;流变性分析表明藜麦淀粉糊为假塑性流体,其弹性优于黏性。该文系统研究藜麦淀粉提取工艺和糊化特性,拓展了新的淀粉资源,同时也为藜麦淀粉的生产和应用提供一定的借鉴和参考。