早熟高产优质饲料大麦新品种威24选育与栽培技术

农作物优良品种是物化了的科学技术，是增产的内因，良种必须结合良法才能把科学技术变成现实生产力；早熟高产优质饲料大麦新品种的选育成功能加快“粮饲不分、人畜共粮”的传统种养“二元结构”向现代粮、经、饲”三元结构“建设步伐，为新一轮产业结构调整创造必要条件；大量实践证明，大麦生产新区走引种筛选鉴定是一条投入少、见效快的有效途径；今后大麦品种选育工作必须注意“优质、高产、多抗、适应性广”等关键技术指标的结合才能增产增收，因为“优质”能提高效益，“高产”能稳定效益；“多抗”能保证效益，“适应性广”能提高总体效益。     

水稻快速育种的理论基础与选择方法

一、育种目标的确定育种目标，是每个育种者最先确定的，是选择杂交亲本、杂交后代及优良株系的依据。水稻生产要想高产高效，优良品种占主要份额。优良的水稻品种必须具有“优质、高产、多抗、适种区域广”，才能增产增效。优质能提高效益，高产能稳定效益，多抗能保证效益，适种区域广能提高总体效益。多年来，我一直遵循这个原则来确定水稻新品种的选育目标，具体指标如下：1．米质：米质80％以上的指标必须达到国家部颁优质粳米一级标准，20％以下的指标须达到国家部颁优质粳米二级标准。2．产量：试验产量必须比生产应用的主栽品种增产…     

高产多抗玉米新品种衡单168的选育及特征特性

新品种衡单168是河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所选育的高产多抗优质玉米新品种,2007年1月通过天津市审定(津审玉2006002),在适宜地区推广。该品种增产潜力大,抗病虫性强,适应性广,活秆成熟,是粮饲兼用的适宜品种。     

优质高产裸大麦新品种"驻大麦6号"选育及栽培技术

1选育目的驻大麦6号是驻马店市农业科学研究所“高产、优质、多抗、广适大麦新品种选育课题”育成的高产优质大麦新品系,2006年9月通过河南省大麦新品种鉴定,该研究被列为河南省“十五”的重点科技攻关项目。大麦自古以来就是人类的主要粮食作物之一,而且人们用作为药用食品,现     

早熟高产优质饲料大麦新品种8640-1的选育和栽培技术

早熟高产优质饲料大麦新品种8640-1是保山市农科所继V06、V24、V013之后,经1997至2006年连续九年选育成功的又一新品种,该品种具有早熟、高产、优质、多抗、适应性广等特性,在小区试验和大面积生产示范中表现综合性状好,现已成为保山市、楚雄州、临沧市的主推品种之一,在省内大     

鄂系大麦新品种选育及育种途径探讨

湖北地处长江中下游麦区，其大麦育种目标为选育高产优质，多抗广适，熟期适宜的多棱或二棱专用饲料大麦新种及高产，优质的二棱专用或兼用型啤酒大麦；八五期间，相继育成了一系列各具特色，极有推广应用价值的大麦新品种（系）。     

四川盆地大麦发展前景分析

本文立足于大麦高产、优质、早熟、多抗、适应性广等宝贵的生物学特性，就市场经济条件下四川盆地大麦的消费发展水平进行预测分析，提出大麦生产走向：大幅度扩大种植面积，稳步提高单产，重视优质专用大麦．广泛拓宽用途．     

早熟高产优质饲料大麦新品种威24选育与栽培技术

为了有效地提高保山市冬闲田复种指数，缓解大小春两季节龄矛盾，确保优质饲料的有效供给，加快“粮、经二元结构”向“粮、经、饲”三元结构调整步伐，解决生产中饲料大麦老品种早熟不高产、出粉率低、饲喂效果差等问题，保山市农科所自1988年冬开始，依托云南省农科院，从全国各地大批引进大麦新品种(系)，进行筛选、鉴定和试验示范，已将一批新品种大面积推广到生产中去，其中威24是深受广大干部群众欢迎的一个早熟、高产、优质良种，该品种近年已成为云南大麦产区的一个主推品种，现将其选育示范推广的有关情况简介如下。     

鄂系大麦新品种选育及育种途径探讨

湖北地处长江中下游麦区，其大麦育种目标为选育高产优质，多抗广适，熟期适宜的多棱或二棱专用饲料大麦新品种及高产、优质的二棱专用或兼用型啤酒大麦；八五期间，相继育成了一系列各具特色、极有推广应用价值的大麦新品种（系）。对育种策略和途径探讨，认为选育多棱大麦新品种是大麦超高产育种的一个重要突破口；对二棱大麦，要双高并重，注意高粒重和高穗容量的双重目标选择。注意高收获指数与高生物量的协调；亲本选配上，要高低结合、优势互补，同时还应注意亲本间的遗传距离，重视多棱大麦与二棱大麦品种的亚种间杂交是大麦育种的一个有效途径。     

863大麦育种研究进展

“十五”国家 86 3课题“大麦高效育种技术及优质、高产、多抗、专用新品种培育”实施一年来已取得了较大进展。选育出饲料大麦专用新品种 1个、参加省级区域试验并增产极显著的啤酒大麦和饲料大麦新品系各 1个 ;筛选与创制出优质、抗病、抗逆等各类育种材料 12份 ;新品种累计推广应用面积 2 0万hm2 ,建立了啤酒大麦和饲料大麦新品种产业化基地及中试示范基地 ;构建了大麦蛋白质含量的近红外分析程序 ;在优质啤酒大麦新品种选育和材料筛选技术上取得了重大突破 ;在啤用品质、抗赤霉病、抗逆育种等方面已达到较高水平     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.