石灰混凝+吹脱+CO2曝气联合对垃圾渗滤液的处理实验研究

为了有效降低垃圾渗滤液中高浓度的氨氮和有机污染物,以便降低后期生化处理的污染负荷,采用石灰混凝+吹脱+CO2曝气联合法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,通过单因素实验研究CaO投加量、曝气时间、反应温度及气液比等因素对渗滤液中氨氮、COD以及UV254的去除效果的影响;通过正交实验研究综合处理效果最好的反应条件,并在正交实验后进行CO2曝气,以期降低实验后较高的pH和钙离子浓度。结果表明：氨氮去除率与各单因素呈正相关关系,COD及UV254的去除率与CaO投加量相关性较大。在正交试验得出的最佳混凝吹脱条件下,氨氮、COD、UV254的去除率分别能达到98.8%、60.2%、68.7%。进一步CO2曝气后,垃圾渗滤液pH由12.1降至6.8,钙离子浓度降低70.3%,COD去除率可达65.7%。     

响应面法优化电解芬顿协同法深度处理老龄垃圾渗滤液

采用电解芬顿法深度处理老龄垃圾渗滤液,选取电量、进水pH值、进水氨氮浓度3个因素为变量,CODCr去除率为响应值进行Box-Behnken中心组合设计。利用响应面法对试验结果进行分析,建立了CODCr去除率为响应值的二阶多项式模型并进行了方差分析和显著性检验,通过解模型逆矩阵得到最佳条件：单位面积电量为23.26 Ah/dm 2、pH值为3.58、进水氨氮浓度56.78 mg/L。在最佳条件下,CODCr去除率为96.5%,与模型预测值偏差为4.45%,吻合度较高。对电解芬顿深度处理前后的渗滤液进行GC-MS分析,表明电解芬顿协同处理技术能有效降解垃圾渗滤液中难生化降解的有机物,将有机物种类从42种降低至21种,是较有效的深度处理技术。     

应用臭氧—活性炭联用技术处理食品厂废水的探究

采用臭氧—活性炭联用技术对食品厂废水进行处理,并对臭氧处理时间,臭氧浓度,处理水的流量等因素进行不同水平单因素实验,以找出最佳实验条件,同时结合实际问题,采用L9(34)正交表进行3因素3水平实验,最终得出臭氧—活性炭联用技术处理食品厂污水的最佳工艺条件为:臭氧处理时间为30min,臭氧质量浓度为9.6mg/L,水流量为0.8m3/h。在最佳工艺条件下,臭氧—活性炭结合工艺对COD的去除率为89.8%,对UV254的去除率为97.3%,达到了农田灌溉水质(水作和旱作的灌溉)标准,基本达到蔬菜灌溉用水的标准。     

超声波对垃圾渗滤液COD和氨氮去除的研究

摘要：试验采用超声波作用去除垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮。通过正交设计,探讨了活性炭用量、pH值、超声波功率、辐照时间、曝气时间5个因素对COD和氨氮去除率的影响。结果表明在活性炭用量1.0g,pH为9,超声波强度为360W,辐照时间为6min,曝气时间为6min时处理COD和氨氮综合去除效果最好,COD去除率为63.7%,氨氮去除率为80.24%。     

利用二形栅藻处理养鸭废水的研究

了降低养鸭废水对环境的危害,减少大规模培养产油微藻的成本,使微藻处理污水与制备生物柴油结合起来具有广阔的应用前景,利用二形栅藻处理养鸭废水,通过研究不同pH值、接种量和吲哚乙酸添加浓度对二形栅藻生长的影响,以生物质产率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法的BBD组合设计,对二形栅藻的培养条件进行优化。结果显示：二形栅藻对养鸭废水具有良好的处理能力,对总氮、总磷、氨氮的去除率分别达到了79.27%、83.27%、88.37%。最佳培养条件为：pH 8.8,接种量30.63%,吲哚乙酸添加浓度为0.60 mg/L,在此条件下二形栅藻的生物质产率为0.0723 g/(L·d)。     

好氧颗粒污泥的培养及其处理高浓度猪场废水的试验研究

通过城市污水处理厂的活性污泥培养出好氧颗粒污泥并处理高浓度猪场废水,对pH值、溶解氧浓度、进水浓度等主要操作条件进行了单因素试验。实验结果表明,颗粒污泥具有良好的生物活性。在进水氨氮浓度较高(>800mg/L)、pH为8左右、溶解氧浓度在2.0mg/L的条件下,稳定运行数天后,氨氮和COD的去除率均可达到80%以上。     

玉米秸秆生物炭对杀扑磷吸附性能研究

研究了玉米秸秆生物质炭对水中杀扑磷的吸附去除,并讨论了玉米秸秆生物质炭投加量、pH值、吸附时间对去除效果的影响。确定了最佳吸附条件为20 m L水样中,玉米秸秆生物炭投加量为0.6 g,pH值为6.5,吸附20 min能有效去除水中的杀扑磷。结果表明,玉米秸秆生物炭对水中杀扑磷农药具有较好的去除效果,去除率达91%。     

生物质炭对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附性能研究

针对山西省土壤Pb2 +污染问题,为了选择一种环保及可循环利用的生物质材料。以农业废弃物小麦秸秆和花生壳制备而成的生物质炭为材料,通过平衡吸附法确定影响吸附的最佳条件。结果表明,当Pb2+初始浓度为200 mg/L时,生物质炭添加量为8 g/L,pH值3~7,25℃条件下震荡360 min,为最适吸附条件,吸附效果最好,吸附量达24.85 mg/g,去除率达99.38%。该种生物质炭对Pb2 +的吸附符合二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型,R2分别达0.9994和0.9985。本研究表明,用小麦秸秆和花生壳制备而成的生物质炭在一定条件范围内对Pb2+具有良好的去除作用。     

生物炭对重金属镉污染土壤中玉米生长的影响

为了揭示原始生物炭和铁改性生物炭对重金属镉污染土壤中玉米生长的影响,本研究共设置5个处理,分别为：(1) CK组,土壤样品不添加任何改良剂;(2) 3%OB组,土壤样品添加3%原始生物炭;(3) 5%OB组,土壤样品添加5%原始生物炭;(4) 3%IMB组,土壤样品添加3%铁改性生物炭;(5) 5%IMB组,土壤样品添加5%铁改性生物炭。播种时间为2022年5月3日,定苗时间为2022年5月21日,收获时间为2022年9月6日。分别测定了各处理组玉米的农艺性状、土壤理化性质、土壤有效态镉和籽粒镉含量。结果显示,原始生物炭和铁改性生物炭均促进了镉污染土壤中的玉米生长,提高了镉污染土壤的pH值,升高了镉污染土壤的电导率,升高了镉污染土壤的有机质含量,降低了镉污染土壤的养分,降低了镉污染土壤有效态镉和籽粒镉含量。与原始生物炭相比,铁改性生物炭促进了镉污染土壤中的玉米生长,提高了土壤pH值,降低了土壤养分,降低了土壤有效态镉和籽粒镉含量。本研究表明,与原始生物炭相比,铁改性生物炭能有效促进镉污染土壤中玉米的生长,提高土壤pH值和养分,降低土壤有效态镉和籽粒镉含量。铁改性生物炭可能是更有利于促进...     

抗辐射饮料的开发及其抗氧化活性研究

以茯苓、陈皮、山楂、枸杞4种药食同源材料为原料,并以复合益生菌作为发酵剂制备抗辐射饮料,探究抗辐射饮料中的抗氧化活性在发酵过程中的变化。通过单因素试验对接种量、发酵时间和pH值进行优化,并在此基础上设计三因素三水平的正交试验,以进一步优化发酵工艺。结果表明,最佳发酵条件为接种量1.5%,发酵时间24 h,pH值6.0,在该条件下抗辐射饮料中DPPH自由基清除率能达到97.68%。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.