仙湖肉鸭A系血脂指标与屠体性状的关系研究

试验以仙湖肉鸭A系为研究材料,测定其49日龄的屠体性状及4项血脂指标,并探讨它们之间的关系.结果显示:公鸭血清甘油三酯(TG)与腹脂率呈中等的表型正相关,且相关关系显著;高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)与胸肌率、瘦肉率呈显著的中等正相关;低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)与胸肌率、腿肌率、瘦肉率均呈微弱的负相关,却与腹脂率、皮脂率呈弱的正表型相关,但它们相关关系不显著.母鸭TG与腹脂率呈中等表型正相关,且相关关系显著;HDL-c与胸肌率、瘦肉率呈弱的正相关、与腹脂率、皮脂率均呈弱的负相关;LDL-c与胸肌率呈中等的负相关,但相关关系未达到显著水平,LDL-c与腹脂率呈中等正相关,且相关关系显著;而血清胆固醇与各项屠体性状间的相关关系不密切.上述结果表明:血清中的TG可作为仙湖肉鸭腹脂率选择的辅助指标;HDL-c可作为公鸭胸肌率选择的参考指标;LDL-c也可作为母鸭腹脂率选择的重要参数.     

仙湖肉鸭B系屠体性状和血脂含量的关系研究

为明确肉鸭血清中与脂肪代谢有关的生化指标与屠体性状的关系,试验以仙湖肉鸭B系F17代为研究对象,测定了其49日龄屠体性状及血清中4项血脂指标.结果表明:公鸭的生长速度明显快于母鸭,血清4项血脂指标的浓度均极显著高于母鸭(P＜0.01).公鸭中,三酰甘油(TG)与胸肌率相关关系显著(P＜0.05),呈中等负相关;高密度脂...     

中草药饲料添加剂对仙湖肉鸭屠体性状和血脂含量的影响

为评定中草药饲料添加剂对仙湖肉鸭屠体性状的影响,研究选用0日龄商品代仙湖肉鸭270只,随机分成3个处理,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复15只鸭,其中试验组Ⅰ在基础日粮的基础上添加1.5%的补气活血、疏肝健脾的中草药饲料添加剂;试验组Ⅱ在基础日粮基础上添加1.5%补肾益脾、活血降脂的中草药饲料添加剂;处理组Ⅲ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,饲养期为49d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组Ⅰ极显著地降低了仙湖肉鸭的皮脂率和腹脂率(P<0.01)。试验组Ⅱ仙湖肉鸭的皮脂率和腹脂率极显著降低(P<0.01),胸肌率显著提高(P<0.05)。自4周龄起,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ血清中的甘油三酯含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。两个处理组的R1(TG/HDL-c)值仅在6周龄显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,TG/HDL-c可以作为度量脂肪沉积的指标,中草药饲料添加剂能够显著降低仙湖肉鸭的体脂含量。     

仙湖肉鸭屠体性状的主成分分析

主成分(principalcomponent)分析是在众多的性状或样品中,根据它们的相关结构,用一定的统计方法,找出能反映主要信息的少数几个综合性变量或样本,使它们能显示出更稳定的统计性质。近年来,主成分分析技术在猪、牛的选种选配、肉质评定等方面的应用陆续有些报道,但在水禽(特别是     

北京鸭胸肌肌内脂肪含量与屠体性能指标的关系

对Z型北京鸭3个品系的肌内脂肪含量与屠体性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明:Z2系母鸭腿肌重、皮脂重与肌内脂肪含量的相关系数分别为0.3738、0.4349(P<0.01),均为极显著中强正相关,而皮脂率为显著弱正相关。Z4系公母鸭肌内脂肪含量与胸肌重(率)、腿肌重(率)、腹脂重(率)、皮脂重(率)均相关较弱,表现为相关不显著。杂交系公鸭皮脂重与肌内脂肪含量相关系数为0.3(P<0.05),表现为显著弱正相关;母鸭胸肌重、腿肌重与肌内脂肪含量均表现为显著弱正相关。综合本试验可得出:由于各品系间及品系内肌内脂肪含量与屠体各指标相关程度的不同,在瘦肉型北京鸭选育过程中,要针对不同品系公母单独制定育种目标,以加快北京鸭的选育速度。     

优质鸡肌内脂肪含量与屠体及肉质性状间的关系

选用优质鸡父本和母本各 3个组成 5个杂交组合 ,饲养杂交后代 182 1只 ,在 10周龄时对其中 2 10只进行屠宰测定 ,并分析了胸肌肌内脂肪含量与屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率、肌间脂宽、皮下脂厚、腹脂率、胸肌pH值、胸肌剪切力等性状之间的关系。结果表明 ,个体胸肌肌内脂肪含量为 1.93%～ 9.6 3% ,总体平均值为 4 .76 %。其中峪口黄鸡♂×矮小隐性白♀组合增重最快、肌内脂肪含量高 ,符合优质鸡的育种目标。优质鸡父本相同的杂交后代 ,其平均肌内脂肪含量差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,表现出同一父本的一致性。母本相同而父本不同的杂交后代 ,其平均肌内脂肪含量差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。同一组合内不同性别间肌内脂肪含量差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。肌内脂肪含量与皮下脂厚和腹脂率的相关性因杂交配套组合而异 ,而与活重、屠体重、屠宰率、胸角宽、肌间脂宽、胸肌率、腿肌率这些性状均无显著相关     

仙湖肉鸭B系生长发育规律与生长曲线分析

为研究仙湖肉鸭B系早期生长发育规律,对仙湖肉鸭B系F20代各周龄体重和增重进行测定.采用Logistic和Gompertz模型进行拟合分析,并对7周龄肉鸭进行屠体测定.结果表明：Logistic模型能很好地拟合仙湖肉鸭B系早期生长发育规律,其预测的极限体重为3.8482 kg,拐点周龄、拐点体重分别为4.3384周、1.9241 kg,比较符合生产实际,拟合效果优于Gompertz模型.     

仙湖肉鸭配套系的选育进展

为了进一步稳定和提高仙湖肉鸭配套系的质量和生产性能水平,利用佛山科学技术学院科研禽场仙湖肉鸭核心群第6世代的种鸭,采用家系选育和个体选育相结合的品系选育方法,经过4个世代的系统选育,获得了较大的遗传进展。第10世代A系肉鸭49日龄平均活重达3.89千克,饲料转化率为2.69,胸腿肌率达24.3%;B系第9世代种鸭64周龄平均产蛋量达210个,种蛋受精率和入孵蛋孵化率分别为88.4%、83.5%。     

仙湖肉鸭屠体性状对其49日龄瘦肉率影响的研究

利用相关分析、通径分析和多元逐步回归分析等方法,筛选出对仙湖肉鸭49日龄瘦肉率影响较大的3个屠体性状。其影响效果为:腿肌率>胸肌率>皮脂率,影响49日龄瘦肉率的最优回归方程为:y^=0.001 28+1.000 00x4+0.999 96x5-0.000 03x6。     

仙湖肉鸭屠宰性状的多元逐步回归分析

利用佛山科学技术学院科研禽场饲养的仙湖肉鸭,在49日龄时随机抽取50只(公、母各半)进行屠宰,以活重、屠宰率、全净膛率、腿肌率、胸肌率、腹脂率6个屠宰性状指标为自变量,以49日龄的瘦肉率为目标变量(依变量)进行多元逐步回归分析。结果表明:有3个屠宰性状指标对瘦肉率作用不显著。在剔除这些指标后,余下的3项指标对瘦肉率影响效果依次是腿肌率>胸肌率>腹脂率,腿肌率、胸肌率与瘦肉率呈强的正相关,腹脂率与瘦肉率则呈中等负相关。筛选变量后构建的多元回归方程合理,回归模型经方差分析结果为差异极显著。该预测模型能应用于实际估测。     

Effects of commercial premix vitamin level on sternum growth,calcification and carcass traits in meat duck

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin level on sternum growth, calcification and carcass traits in meat duck. A total of 432 1‐d‐old mixed‐sex Cherry Valley ducks (216 males and 216 females) were randomly allocated and fed low‐vitamin level diet (70% NRC vitamin regimen), high‐vitamin level diet (DSM vitamin regimen) or medium‐vitamin level diet (50% low‐vitamin level diet and 50% high‐vitamin level diet). Sternum and serum were harvested after 49 d of feeding. Compared with the low‐vitamin level group, dietary high‐vitamin level increased body weight (BW) at d 49 (p = 0.029) but did not alter all parameters of carcass trait (p > 0.05). Medium‐ and high‐vitamin level increased sternum defatted weight, density, ash and calcium (Ca) concentration (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the medium and high‐vitamin level group significantly decreased the relative proportions of the keel cartilage at 49 d (p < 0.05) and decreased the sternum length and height (p < 0.05) in meat ducks at 49 d. Likewise, high‐vitamin level improved serum Ca and phosphate (P) content (p < 0.05) and declined serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (p = 0.003) compared with the low‐vitamin level group. Our study indicates that high‐vitamin level did not affect the examined carcass traits; however, high‐vitamin level improved growth performance and sternum calcification.     

L.fermentum F-6对肉鸡屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究添加不同剂量的L.fermentum F-6对肉鸡的屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响,进一步探讨其作为一种新型饲料益生菌的可行性。试验以玉米和大豆粕为主要原料配制日粮,采用单因子完全随机试验设计方法,选择1日龄雌雄各半的健康AA肉鸡240只,称重后随机分为4个组,其中1个对照组和3个L.fermenti F-6组,每个组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,各组鸡的初始体重经方差检验差异均不显著(P>0.05)。对照组肉鸡不饲喂L.fermentiF-6,L.fermentiF-6组饮水饲喂L.fermentiF-6,添加水平分别为2×105、2×106和1×107 cfu/ml,试验期42 d。研究结果表明,添加L.fermenti F-6可显著提高肉鸡全净膛率和胸肌率(P<0.05),提高肉鸡屠宰性能,其中以添加剂量为2×106 cfu/ml时效果较好。添加L.fermenti F-6对肉鸡肌肉pH值、系水力和肉色指标无显著影响,但与对照组相比,L.fermentum F-6对肌肉系水力和肉色有一定改善效果。     

Association of ADSL gene polymorphisms with meat quality and carcass traits in domestic pigeons (Columba livia)

ABSTRACT

1. Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) plays an important role in the synthesis of inosine monophosphate (IMP). In this trial, a total of 200 pigeons were sampled and slaughtered. Seven meat quality traits and 11 carcass traits were measured. DNA sequencing was used to detect nucleotide mutations, and associations between ADSL gene polymorphisms and meat quality and carcass traits were analysed.

2. Sequencing results showed that 9 nucleotide mutations were found in the exons of the ADSL gene. All the mutations were synonymous except C13065G, which caused a change in amino acids (Ser to Arg). In addition, two of the detected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had significant associations with meat quality and carcass traits.

3. For the C13065G SNP located in exon11, the IMP content of breast muscle in AA and AB genotype was higher than in the BB genotype (P < 0.01). The SNP G10696A located in exon10 was significantly associated with carcass rate, in which AA and AB genotype were higher than the BB genotype (P < 0.01).

4. The results indicated that the ADSL gene has a close association with meat quality and carcass traits in domestic pigeons, and G10696A and C13065G SNPs could be applied as genetic markers in molecular marker-assisted breeding of pigeons.     

Dietary mulberry leaf powder affects growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality in finishing pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mulberry leaves as an alternative source of protein on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 180 Xiangcun Black pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with six pens of six pigs per pen. The pigs were provided with a basal diet or a diet contained 3%, 6%, 9% or 12% of mulberry leaf powder during a 50‐day experiment period. The results showed that dietary mulberry leaf powder had no negative effect on growth performance in Xiangcun Black pigs, except in the 12% mulberry group, where final body weight and average daily gain decreased (p < .05) and feed to gain ratio of the pigs increased (p < .05). Dietary mulberry inclusion decreased (quadratic, p < .05) the back fat thickness, fibre mean cross‐sectional area (CSA) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and mRNA expression levels of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIb in LD and biceps femoris (BF) muscles, while increased (linear or quadratic, p < .05) the plasma concentration of albumin, levels of crude protein (CP), inosine monophosphate (IMP) and several amino acids in muscle tissues. When compared with the other groups, the 9% mulberry diet increased (p < .05) loin‐eye area and contents of CP and IMP in muscles, while decreased (p < .05) plasma activity of cholinesterase and concentrations of uric acid and urea. The 6% mulberry diet had the lowest fibre mean CSA and shear force and increased total fibre number of the LD muscle, when compared with the other groups. These results suggest that including mulberry in the diet at <12% is an effective feed crop to improve meat quality and the chemical composition of muscle without negatively affecting growth performance.     

Genome‐wide study on intramuscular fat in Italian Large White pig breed using the PorcineSNP60 BeadChip

Genome‐wide association study results are presented for intramuscular fat in Italian Large White pig breed. A total of 886 individuals were genotyped with PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. After quality control performed with plink software and in R environment, 49 208 markers remained for the association analysis. The genome‐wide association studies was conducted using linear mixed model implemented in GenABEL. We detected seven new SNPs of genes till now not found associated to intramuscular fat (IMF). Three markers map in a wide intergenic region rich of QTL linked to fat traits, one map 388 kb upstream the gene SDK1, one map inside PPP3CA gene, one inside SCPEP1 gene and the last is not mapped in the porcine genome yet. Associations here presented indicate a moderate effect of these genes on IMF. In particular, PPP3CA, that is involved in the oxidative metabolism of skeletal muscle, could be considerated as an interesting candidate gene for IMF content in pigs. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of these genes on the physiological processes involved in IMF regulation. These results may be useful to control this trait that is important in terms of nutritional, technological and organoleptic characteristics of fresh meat and processed products.     

甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响

试验选用体重70 kg左右、日龄相近、体质良好的杜长大三元杂交猪45头,采用单因子随机设计,分为对照组、试验1、2、3、4组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂添加0、500、1000、1500、2000 mg/kg甜菜碱的日粮,试验期30 d,研究甜菜碱对肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2、3、4组日均采食量、日增重、屠宰率、瘦肉率、肉色评分、大理石评分显著提高(P<0.05),背膘厚度显著降低(P<0.05),试验1组各项指标有所改善,但效果不显著(P>0.05),本试验表明,饲料中添加甜菜碱可提高育肥猪生长性能,改善胴体品质和肉品质,其中添加1500、2000 mg/kg的甜菜碱效果较为理想。     

斜发沸石添加水平对育肥期苏淮猪生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

本试验研究基础日粮中添加不同水平的斜发沸石对育肥期苏淮猪生长性能、肉品质的影响,旨在获得苏淮猪育肥期斜发沸石的适宜添加量。选择体重相近(50 kg左右)、健康的苏淮阉公猪40头,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组共4个处理组,每组10头。预试期10 d,所有猪自由采食对照组基础日粮;正试期64 d,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ至Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的斜发沸石。于试验结束屠宰全部试验猪,用于屠宰测定和肉质检测。结果表明:1)第1阶段(体重56~68 kg)和第2阶段(体重83~98 kg),终末体重、平均日增重、料重比均无显著差异;但斜发沸石水平对第1阶段和第2阶段平均日采食量影响显著(P<0.05)并呈线性(P=0.02,P=0.047)二次方升高趋势(P=0.01)。2)对照组、试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组苏淮猪的生长曲线拐点分别是:第50.26天86.06 kg、第40.22天87.15 kg、第38.27天89.69 kg和第45.98天89.02 kg;最大日增重分别是0.702、0.743、0.814和0.855 kg/d,说明在饲料中添加斜发沸石后,可延长育肥猪到达生长曲线拐点体重。3)斜发沸石水平对眼肌面积和肌内脂肪影响显著(P<0.05),眼肌面积随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈二次方(P=0.01)变化;肌内脂肪呈线性(P=0.01),二次方(P=0.03)升高;胴体重和系水力分别随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈线性(P=0.07,P=0.09)升高趋势。试验表明:苏淮育肥猪采食量、胴体重和肌内脂肪随日粮斜发沸石添加水平增加呈线性升高,系水力呈线性升高趋势,但眼肌面积随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈二次方变化,先升高后降低。因此,添加2%斜发沸石有利于采食量、胴体重和肌内脂升高,有助于系水力降低;但从增加眼肌面积的角度考虑,斜发沸石的适宜添加比例为1%。     

Effects of the rearing system on the quality traits of the carcass, meat and fat of the Chato Murciano pig

To evaluate the performance of the Spanish autochthonous pig breed Chato Murciano under different rearing conditions, a total of 30 castrated male pigs were used. Eighteen pigs were reared in an outdoor system, and sent to slaughter with an average age of 210 days and live weight (LW) of 124.41 kg; and 12 pigs were reared in an indoor system, and slaughtered with 119.58 kg of LW and 236 days old. The pigs reared outdoors showed a better growing rate and final live weight in relation to age, as well as higher hot and cold carcass yields, and superior weights for the most valuable meat cuts, but their morphometric parameters were similar to those of the pigs reared indoors. The rearing system did not affect many of the meat quality traits (intramuscular fat (IMF) content, pH, color, tenderness and cooking loss), but drip losses were higher in the outdoor group. The levels of IMF found in this study in both rearing systems (2.65–3.19%) were notably lower than those from previous studies, probably due to differences in the diet used. The rearing system affected the mineral and fatty acid (FA) composition. The distribution of fatty acids in both groups, with a low Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) content, can be expected to produce good quality processed products.