树仔菜嫩梢和叶片中多种元素含量变化的生理分析

分别测定了树仔菜嫩梢和叶片样品中钾、钙、镁、铜、锰、锌、铁、镍、铅、铬、镉等元素的含量,探讨各个元素含量变化的生理规律,以及对植物生长和产品质量的影响。结果表明：钾元素含量的分布规律表现为嫩梢＞嫩叶片＞老叶片,钙、镁、锰、铁、镉元素含量分布规律表现为嫩梢＜嫩叶片＜老叶片,铜、锌、铅、铬、镍元素含量则变化不大。在产品质量安全方面,所测试的铅、镉、铬、镍重金属元素的含量均未超过相关的国家标准或文献报告值。此外,研究发现,树仔菜嫩梢样品中元素含量的测定结果较为稳定,随机抽样可以体现出良好的样品代表性,因此建议将     

氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响

 采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。     

火焰原子吸收法测定龙井茶的主要矿质元素含量

测定茶叶中钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌等主要矿质营养元素的含量,常能揭示不同品质茶类与茶树品种、产地和加工的关系。也可在一定程度上反映出饮用茶叶对人类保健的作用所在。本文采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法,测定了1983年龙井茶样中钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌的含量。     

镁素处理对艾纳香药材生物量和营养元素积累的影响

以一年生艾纳香种子苗为实验材料,用七水合硫酸镁提供镁素,测定生长期艾纳香生长指标和生物量,采用 凯氏定氮仪测定艾纳香药材氮含量,采用钼锑抗比色法测定磷含量,以及采用原子吸收光谱法测定艾纳香药材钾、钙、 镁、铁、锰、铜和锌含量,以研究镁素对艾纳香药材生物量和营养元素积累的影响。结果表明：镁素显著增加了艾纳 香叶长、叶宽、株高和地径等生长指标,显著增加了艾纳香药材叶片、茎和叶茎总生物量,对叶茎生物量比影响不显 著;镁素对艾纳香叶片中氮含量影响不显著,钙和铁含量显著降低,1.5 mg/mL 镁素处理组磷、钾和镁含量显著高于其 他处理组,15 mg/mL 镁素处理组锰、锌和铜含量最低,显著低于其他处理组。在艾纳香生长期施加镁素可以促进艾纳 香生长,提高药材生物量,显著促进磷、钾和镁积累,抑制钙和铁的吸收,对氮影响不显著,15 mg/mL 镁素处理组锰、 锌和铜含量最低。     

改良营养液对大棚酸性土壤交换性钙镁和有效态铜锰锌铁的影响

研究施用酸性土壤改良营养液后大棚酸性土壤交换性钙、镁和有效态铜、锰、锌、铁含量的变化趋势。依照有关标准和土壤农化分析方法,测试了不同月份土壤pH值、交换性钙、镁和有效态铜、锰、锌、铁含量。结果表明:与对照区相比,酸性土壤改良营养液能有效提高试验区土壤pH值;随着改良液施用时间延长,试验区土壤交换性钙、镁和有效铁含量呈上升趋势;试验区土壤有效锌、铜、锰含量呈降低趋势。     

永春县高山茶园土壤养分变化状况分析研究

通过对海拔600-1200m相对集中成片茶园取土样进行分析测定p H、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效锌、有效硼含量状况进行评价。结果表明,高山茶园土壤p H值极低,酸化严重,土壤有效磷、有效铁、有效铜、有效锰含量高,有机质和全氮接近指标要求,而有效钾、钙、镁等都极低,达不到指标要求。因此,高山茶园施肥应采取增施有机肥、减氮、控磷、适钾、调酸,补钙、镁、锌等措施。土壤养分含量变幅较大,高山红壤茶园土壤普遍缺乏有效镁和有效锌,多数茶农又缺少施用钙、镁、锌肥的习惯,因此,要引导高山茶园施钙、镁、锌现肥,增加茶叶产量提高品质。土壤酸化严重的茶园,建议施用白云石粉或生石粉来改良土壤,将p H值提高到4.5以上。     

云南澳洲坚果园土壤和叶片养分评价

通过对云南省西双版纳、普洱、临沧、保山、德宏等5个具有地域代表性的澳洲坚果种植区中的土壤和叶片养分分析,发现澳洲坚果种植区土壤与叶片养分具有较大的地域差异。47个澳洲坚果园的土壤pH、有机质和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硼、有效铜、有效锌平均含量分别为：4.94、29.17g/kg和109.23、36.64、200.05、352.78、85.65、0.60、2.03、2.14 mg/kg;叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和硼、铜、锌平均含量分别为：16.36、0.73、8.39、6.05、0.80 g/kg和17.74、3.46、9.86 mg/kg。土壤pH值低于5.0的样品比例占60%,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效铜和有效锌含量达到丰富程度的样品比例依次分别占40%、31%、47%、56%、38%和18%,土壤交换性钙、交换性镁和有效硼达到缺乏程度的样品比例依次为71%、67%和84%。叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和锌养分达到适宜和丰富的样品比例为97%、67%、100%、49%、51%和100%,磷、钙、镁、硼和铜养分达到缺乏程度的样品比例依次为33%、51%、49%、87%和88%。因此,云南澳洲坚果园土壤肥力调控的重点是增施有机肥,减施磷钾肥,补施钙镁中量元素及铜硼等微量元素。     

人参种子中无机元素含量的测定

本文用荧光、极谱和原子吸收光谱法检测出人参种子中含有人体必需微量元素钾,镁、钙、钠和必需微量元素铁、锌、锰、铜、镍、锶、钴、硒、钼,而有毒微量元素铅、镉的含量则较低。所测人参种子中16种无机元素的含量各异,且因人参产地、品种不同,其含量也各异。     

香蕉茎生产菌体蛋白饲料添加剂技术和产品喂鸡试验

香蕉是我国南方的主要水果之一,其植株高大,茎叶资源丰富。据福建农业大学测试中心测定,蕉茎含有蛋白质8.53%,以及钾、钙、镁、锌、锰、铜等多种元素。经研究,用香蕉茎为主要原料     

茶树微量元素研究概况

茶树生育所必需的矿质营养氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、硫称为多量元素,锰、锌、铜、硼、钼等称为微量元素。生产上泛指微量元素系氮、磷、钾三要素以外的营养元素。微量元素在茶树矿质营养中起着特别重要的作用,迄今已从茶叶中检出20余种,计有锰、铝、铁、锌、铜、硫、硼、氯、汞、铋、钡、锶、镍、钨、锡、铅、镉、砷、硅等。微量元     

改良营养液对露地酸性土壤矿物质元素含量及其生物有效性的影响

本研究选取露地樱桃番茄酸性土壤为试验对象,分别施用复合肥、复合肥-改良液追肥,比较分析改良液配施下土壤pH、阳离子交换量、交换性钙镁和有效铜、锰、锌、铁含量及其在樱桃番茄植株新叶和果实样品中的含量变化趋势,探讨改良液配施对露地酸性土壤、植株和果实中矿物质元素含量的影响。结果表明:改良液配施追肥的试验区土壤pH提升了0.3个单位,复合肥单施追肥的对照区土壤pH下降了0.2个单位;随着改良液施用时间的增加,试验区土壤阳离子交换量和交换性钙含量显著高于对照区,有效铜含量显著低于对照区,对交换性镁、有效锰、锌、铁含量的影响不明显;改良液施用过程中不会产生植株缺素或过量的危害,可以替代部分化肥施用于露地酸性土壤。     

Studies of the evaluation of different genotypes of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for yield and mineral contents

Six genotypes of potato were compared with two commercial cultivars, Kufri Chandramukhi and Kufri, Chamatkar for their yield and mineral contents (i.e., iron, copper, zinc, sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus). There were significant differences amongst different genotypes with respect to yield and mineral contents. The cultivar Kufri Chandramukhi, which gave also significantly highest tuber yield during both years, was found to be richest in copper, zinc and potassium. The genotypes EM/B-1601 and JF-4835 were found to be highest in iron content. The highest quantities of sodium, potassium, and magnesium were detected in the cultivar Kufri Chamatkar. The genotype J.F. 5106 was also found to be rich in magnesium content which was comparable to Kufri Chamatkar. The highest quantities of phosphorus and calcium were found in genotypes J.F. 4835 and EM/B-859 respectively. The genotype J.F. 547 was found to be poorest in iron, copper, zinc, sodium and potassium.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定大豆中14种元素含量

将大豆样品置于密闭容器内,加入一定量的硝酸和过氧化氢,放在微波消解系统内进行消解.建立了用微波消解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定大豆中的钙、钾、镁、磷、铁、锌、铅、镉、砷、汞、铬、铜、锰、锡的方法.研究结果显示:该法测定精度高,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)均小于2.0％,加标回收率为93.4％～109...     

Variation in ascorbic acid and mineral content in fruits of some varieties of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Ascorbic acid content in green and ripe fruits and zinc, copper, manganese, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus content in dry fruits were found to vary significantly in different varieties of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Ascorbic acid content in ripe fruits of all of the eleven chilli varieties was higher than in the corresponding green fruits. Path coefficient analysis showed that number of days to fruit ripening, fruit surface area, fruit length, dry and fresh fruit yield, ascorbic acid content in green fruits and iron, calcium, magnesium and copper content in dry fruits influenced ascorbic acid content in ripe fruits of chilli.     

中国马铃薯主产区植地土壤养分初步评价

本研究对中国马铃薯主产区的17个省（自治区）中90个市、县的130个土壤样本的有机质、全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾、速效钾、有效钙、有效镁、有效铁、有效锌、有效铜、有效锰进行分析，以对中国马铃薯主产区的土壤养分丰缺状况作出初步评价。结果表明：同一种营养元素在不同产区的含量相差很大；西南产区和东北产区土壤有机质含量丰富，西北产区和中原产区土壤有机质较为缺乏；西南产区氮含量丰富，西北产区和中原产区氮缺乏；东北产区、西北产区和中原产区磷缺乏；西南产区和西北产区钾缺乏。大部分产区土壤中有效钙含量都比较丰富，只有云南、四川、重庆的部分地区含量较低；有效镁的含量普遍较低；有效铁、锌、铜、锰含量都很丰富。     

Mineral composition of freshly harvested potatoes

Nine Irish potato varieties from five growing locations were assessed for mineral content to determine the contribution of the potato toward meeting the U.S. recommended daily allowances for man. With the exception of calcium, the potato is a significant source of minerals for which U.S. recommended daily allowances have been established (iron, copper, iodine, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc).     

广佛手不同套种模式下根际土壤理化性质及有效态元素的变化

研究3种套种模式（分别套种广藿香、金钱草和穿心莲）对广佛手根际土壤理化性质和有效态元素的影响。结果表明,广佛手与广金钱草套种土壤pH最低（pH 6.1）,广佛手单作土壤pH最高（pH 6.4）;与广佛手单作相比,3种套种模式下土壤有机质含量和土壤碱解氮含量有所下降,其中与广金钱草套种下降最为显著,广藿香套种组土壤碱解氮与广佛手单作组无显著差异;穿心莲套种组比广佛手单作组土壤有效磷、速效钾含量分别提高了8.07%和3.41%,说明套种穿心莲后土壤有效磷、速效钾含量明显增加;广藿香套种组根际土壤交换性钙、镁,有效铜的含量降低,有效锌、铁、锰、硼的含量增加;广金钱草套种组根际土壤的交换性钙、镁,有效铜、锌、铁的含量降低,有效锰、硼的含量增加;穿心莲套种组根际土壤交换性钙、镁、有效铜、锰的含量降低,有效锌、铁、硼的含量增加;PCA分析结果表明碱解氮,速效钾,有效磷、铜、锌、铁是影响广佛手生长的特征因素;同时不同套种模式提高了整体经济效益。不同套种模式显著影响了广佛手根际土壤理化性质和有效态微量元素的含量,为广佛手套种模式的应用提供参考。     

Hydathode function and changes in contents of elements in eddo exposed to zinc in hydroponic solution

To explore the zinc stress response in eddo, plants were grown for 15 d in hydroponic solutions containing 1 (control), 200, and 1000 μM zinc, and the hydathode function and changes in the contents of various elements in these plants were investigated. Under 1000 μM zinc, the dry weights of leaf blades and roots are decreased by 17 and 42%, respectively. The zinc contents in leaf blades, petioles, corms, and roots increased with increasing zinc levels in the solution. The zinc content in roots was 6.57 mg g^?1 dry weight, which was 2.8–4.3 times higher than in other plant parts under 1000 μM zinc. These results demonstrate that the severe root damage occurring under 1000 μM zinc is due to higher zinc content in the roots. Under zinc stress, the contents of iron and copper in roots increased, but the contents of magnesium and calcium in petioles, corms, and roots, iron in leaf blades and corms, and manganese in petioles and corms decreased. In the guttation fluid, the concentrations of zinc, magnesium, and potassium increased, while the iron concentration decreased under 1000 μM zinc. Thus, elemental changes occurred in the guttation fluid as well as in different plant parts in eddo. In the 200 and 1000 μM zinc treatments, the amount of zinc eliminated via guttation was 2.8 and 8.5 times higher, respectively, than in the control. The results indicate that guttation partly contributes to the excretion of excess zinc under zinc stress conditions.     

Contents of minerals in green leafy vegetables cultivated in soil fortified with different chemical fertilizers

Content of selected minerals in spinach (Spinacea oleracea) andambat chuka (Rumex vesicarius) cultivated in soil fortified withdifferent chemical fertilizers was determined in a pot experiment.Addition of NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) fertilizer alongwith micronutrients, iron and zinc, enhanced the concentration of zinc,iron and magnesium in selected green leafy vegetables markedly (p<0.05),while the concentration of copper was not altered significantly(p>>0.05). Potassium content in the green leafy vegetables was notaffected (p>0.05) by the addition of chemical fertilizers to soil.Spinach and ambat chuka differed remarkably in their mineral contents.Contents of potassium, zinc and copper were significantly high in spinach,while the contents of magnesium and iron were markedly high in ambatchuka (p<0.05).