鸡胸肉宠物食品颜色褐变的控制研究

以TBHQ、脱氢乙酸钠、亚硫酸钠进行试验,研究其对鸡胸肉宠物食品颜色褐变的抑制效果。结果表明,单一护色剂试验中,TBHQ的护色效果最好,脱氢乙酸钠与亚硫酸钠的效果不明显;复配试验结果显示,质量分数为0.02%的TBHQ与质量分数为0.05%的脱氢乙酸钠复配时,可以有效抑制褐变,产品整体呈半透明状,并且维持红润色泽。     

不同处理方式对鸡胸肉棒宠物食品色泽的影响

为了研究鸡肉棒在制作和储藏过程中各因素对其色泽的影响,试验将鸡胸肉切块、调味、腌制、烘烤,采用不同干燥工艺以及贮藏温度、包装方式制作鸡肉棒。结果表明:在7 d的腌制时间内,时间越长效果越好;采用鼓风干燥的烘烤干制方式比微波干燥的效果好;在贮藏过程中,贮藏温度为0~4℃,方式为袋装充入抗氧化剂密封保存。说明在宠物食品的制作过程中,采用鼓风干燥和0~4℃的贮藏温度均能使鸡胸肉棒呈现良好的色泽。     

影响鸡肉棒宠物食品色泽的研究

为了研究鸡肉棒在制作和储藏过程中各因素对其色泽的影响,试验将鸡胸肉切块、调味、腌制、烘烤,添加防腐剂、抗氧化剂以及色素,制作鸡肉棒。结果表明:色素对产品颜色的影响作用最大,添加防腐剂和抗氧化剂能有效阻止贮藏过程中产品颜色的变化,添加甘油量与产品的亮度呈正相关。说明在宠物食品的制作过程中,添加色素、防腐剂和抗氧化剂均能使鸡肉棒呈现良好的色泽。     

二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化香蕉浆护色工艺

探索香蕉浆生产过程中护色工艺,为香蕉浆护色条件的选择提供科学依据。采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法对香蕉打浆过程中柠檬酸、D-异抗坏血酸钠等护色剂添加量和加水量对香蕉浆护色效果的影响进行研究,优化香蕉浆护色工艺。试验范围内各因素对香蕉浆护色作用大小依次是柠檬酸添加量>抗坏血酸添加量>加水量。根据拟合方程得到香蕉浆护色最佳工艺条件为柠檬酸添加量为0.50%,抗坏血酸添加量为0.10%,水果肉比保持在0.90,理论上在此条件下所得香蕉浆褐变指数69.78。采用此条件对香蕉浆进行护色试验,得到香蕉浆的褐变指数为68.46,与优化理论值相对误差为1.89%,说明此结果具有实际应用价值。     

果蜡复合涂膜保鲜剂对荔枝的贮藏效果较好

正据《中国果树》2015年第6期《果蜡复合涂膜保鲜剂对荔枝贮藏效果研究》(作者张姣姣)报道,以果蜡为成膜剂,复配护色剂柠檬酸和抑菌剂特克多、亚硫酸钠,制备新型荔枝保鲜剂,并探讨其在3℃条件下贮藏保鲜效果。结果表明,果蜡涂膜与0.1%特克多、7%柠檬酸复配可有效抑制低温贮藏过程中荔枝腐烂率,可较好地抑制荔枝果肉PPO活性上升以及可溶性固形物含量、多酚含量下降,保护荔枝果皮颜色,抑制褐变;3℃贮藏第20 d时,经该复合保鲜剂涂     

几种抗氧化剂组合使用对肉粉抗氧化性能的影响

采用L9(34)正交试验设计,研究了不同组合维生素E(VE)、维生素C(VC)、柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对肉粉的抗氧化效果.结果表明:VE 0.07%、VC 0.06%、柠檬酸0.04%、EDTA 0.09%的组合抗氧化效果最好.     

竹笋保鲜的试验研究

本研究主要应用护色防腐液对竹笋进行保鲜。试验结果表明：0.5%苯甲酸钠和1％柠檬酸混合液不如0.5%山梨酸钾和1％柠檬酸混合液保鲜效果好；同时明矾、低pH值对竹笋保鲜结果有影响，最后得出最佳配比：山梨酸钾1％，明矾0.5%，柠檬酸2％。     

几种抗氧化剂组合对肉粉抗氧化性能的影响

本试验采用L9 (34)正交试验设计,研究了不同组合维生素E(VE)、维生素C(VC)、柠檬酸、EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)对肉粉的抗氧化效果。结果表明,VE0.07%、VC0.06%、柠檬酸0.04%、EDTA0.09%的组合的抗氧化效果最好。     

饲粮添加芒果乙醇提取物对肉鸡胸肉贮藏期间脂质氧化和肉色的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加芒果提取物对肉鸡胸肉贮藏过程中脂质稳定性和肉色的影响。试验设计6个饲粮处理组,分别为空白对照组(未加抗氧化剂)、添加抗氧化剂丁羟甲苯BHT组(200 ppm)、添加200 ppm芒果皮提取物(MPE)组、添加400 ppmMPE组、添加200 ppm芒果籽提取物(MSE)组和添加400 ppmMSE组。宰后胸肌肉贮藏90天,每30天测定一次脂质氧化情况和肉色值。胸肉贮藏中硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)值增加,贮藏90天时,添加400 ppmMSE组TBARS值较低,表明具有较高的抗氧化能力。贮藏中胸肉亮度值降低,红度值增加。添加200 ppmBHT和400 ppmMPE提高了贮藏60天的黄度值。结论为,添加芒果皮提取物、芒果籽提取物到肉鸡饲粮中降低了胸肉贮藏中脂质氧化,并维持肉色稳定,其中以添加400 ppm芒果籽提取物效果最好。     

不同抗氧化剂对米糠毛油氧化稳定性的影响

本试验以酸值（AV）、过氧化值（POV）和丙二醛（MDA）含量作为评价指标,研究乙氧基喹啉、叔丁基羟基茴香醚（BHA）、二叔丁基羟基甲苯（BHT）三种抗氧化剂按不同组合或单体的形式添加到油脂中对米糠毛油抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比添加不同抗氧化剂或抗氧化剂组合,米糠毛油AV无显著变化;POV随着时间延长不断提高,19 d后抗氧化剂添加组POV增速较对照组缓慢,且复合抗氧化剂抗氧化效果优于单体抗氧化剂。添加单体抗氧化剂后油脂MDA含量与对照组相比有所降低,复合抗氧化剂组MDA含量均低于单体组。结果提示,复合抗氧化剂的抗氧化效果优于单一抗氧化剂,单一抗氧化剂中以乙氧基喹啉效果最好,复合抗氧化剂则以0.15%乙氧基喹啉和0.015%BHA复配使用效果最好。     

Disinfection of foot-and-mouth disease and African swine fever viruses with citric acid and sodium hypochlorite on birch wood carriers

Transboundary animal disease viruses such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV) are highly contagious and cause severe morbidity and mortality in livestock. Proper disinfection during an outbreak can help prevent virus spread and will shorten the time for contaminated agriculture facilities to return to food production. Wood surfaces are prevalent at these locations, but there is no standardized method for porous surface disinfection; commercial disinfectants are only certified for use on hard, nonporous surfaces. To model porous surface disinfection in the laboratory, FMDV and ASFV stocks were dried on wood coupons and exposed to citric acid or sodium hypochlorite. We found that 2% citric acid was effective at inactivating both viruses dried on a wood surface by 30 min at 22°C. While 2000 ppm sodium hypochlorite was capable of inactivating ASFV on wood under these conditions, this chemical did not meet the 4-log disinfection threshold for FMDV. Taken together, our data supports the use of chemical disinfectants containing at least 2% citric acid for porous surface disinfection of FMDV and ASFV.     

柠檬酸对苜蓿干草捆营养品质与霉菌数量的动态影响

为探讨添加柠檬酸对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)干草防霉效果的影响，并确定其最佳用量，本试验以翻晒过后的苜蓿干草为材料，添加不同量的柠檬酸(0%,1%,2%与3%),晾晒至20%含水量后打捆贮藏，于贮藏0,20,30,40,50与60 d取样测定其营养品质与霉菌数量的变化。结果表明：随着贮藏时间的延长，粗蛋白质(Crude protein, CP)、可溶性碳水化合物(Water soluble carbohydrate, WSC)、粗脂肪(Ether extract, EE)含量和相对饲喂价值(Relative feeding value, RFV)呈逐渐降低的趋势，中性洗涤纤维(Neutral detergent fiber, NDF)与酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fiber, ADF)含量呈逐渐增加的趋势，霉菌数量呈抛物线升高趋势。与对照组相比，添加2%与3%柠檬酸，贮藏60 d的CP含量和RFV值显著增加(P<0.05),不同贮藏时期的霉菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。通过隶属函数综合评价发现，贮藏期为60 d时，3%柠檬酸处理的综合价值最高。...     

柠檬酸对三黄土鸡早期生产性能的影响

用海大香特1号三黄土鸡雏鸡进行饲养试验，对添加0．3％、0．5％、0．7％柠檬酸饲养的试验组和不添加柠檬酸饲养的对照组进行体增重、采食量、料肉比等生产性能的比较，试验结果表明：添加0．3％柠檬酸试验组的三黄土鸡早期体增重，显著高于对照组，同时也高于添加0．5％、0．7％柠檬酸的试验组；添加0．3％柠檬酸试验组的料重比、成活率也优于其他试验组。     

兽用陈皮口服液对肉仔鸡生长抑制治疗效果的评价

试验旨在建立鸡生长抑制模型并评价兽用陈皮口服液对鸡生长抑制的治疗效果。选用磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠、硫酸阿托品和地塞米松磷酸钠3种药物建立鸡生长抑制模型，从中选择一种效果较好的药物进行后续试验。结果显示，在生长抑制模型建立试验中，地塞米松组平均日增重（ADG）最低，显著低于对照组（P<0.05），料重比（F/G）最高，且显著高于对照组（P<0.05），且十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度均显著低于对照组（P<0.05），表明地塞米松组生长抑制效果最好，本试验选用地塞米松磷酸钠给药建立鸡生长抑制模型进行后续试验。在兽用陈皮口服液对鸡生长抑制治疗效果评价试验中，将50只AA肉鸡随机分为5组，每组10只。第1~4组分别胸肌注射地塞米松磷酸钠0.25 mg/kg体重，连续给药8 d，人工造病形成生长抑制模型；第9天开始，第1~3组连续7 d分别灌服0.1、0.2和0.3 mL/kg体重的陈皮口服液；第4组为阳性对照组，第9~16天不使用陈皮口服液，灌服等量灭菌生理盐水；第5组为阴性对照组，用等量灭菌生理盐水代替地塞米松磷酸钠，连续注射8 d，第9~16天灌服等量灭菌生理盐水。治疗结束时，第2、3组平均日增重高于第4组（阳性对照组），与空白对照组差异不显著（P>0.05），料重比低于第4组，且与空白对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）；陈皮口服液治疗组脏器系数及血液生化指标（除谷草转氨酶（AST）外）与空白对照组基本接近（P>0.05），说明陈皮口服液能明显缓解地塞米松对肉仔鸡的生长抑制，修复地塞米松生长抑制肉仔鸡的脏器损伤，且高剂量组（0.3 mL/kg体重）缓解作用更好。     

The effects of citric acid on phytate-phosphorus utilization in young chicks and pigs

Several bioassays were conducted with young chicks and pigs fed phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. With diets for chicks containing .62% Ca and .42% P (.10% available P), graded doses of a citric acid + sodium citrate (1:1, wt:wt) mixture (0, 1, 2, 4, or 6% of diet) resulted in linear (P < .01) increases in both weight gain and tibia ash. Relative to chicks fed no citric acid, tibia ash (%) and weight gain (g/d) were increased by 43 and 22%, respectively, in chicks fed 6% citric acid. Additional chick trials showed that 6% citric acid alone or sodium citrate alone was as efficacious as the citric acid + sodium citrate mixture and that 1,450 U/kg of phytase produced a positive response in bone ash and weight gain in chicks fed a diet containing 6% citrate. Varying the Ca:available P ratio with and without citrate supplementation indicated that citric acid primarily affected phytate-P utilization, not Ca, in chicks. Moreover, chicks did not respond to citrate supplementation when fed a P-deficient (.13% available P), phytate-free casein-dextrose diet. Young pigs averaging 10 to 11 kg also were used to evaluate citric acid efficacy in two experiments. A P-deficient corn-soybean meal basal diet was used to construct five treatment diets that contained 1) no additive, 2) 3% citric acid, 3) 6% citric acid, 4) 1,450 U/kg phytase, and 5) 6% citric acid + 1,450 U/kg phytase. Phytase supplementation increased (P < .01) weight gain, gain:feed, and metatarsal ash, whereas citric acid addition increased only gain:feed (P < .05) and metatarsal ash (P < .08). A subsequent 22-d pig experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of lower levels of citric acid (0, 1, 2, or 3%) or 1,450 U/kg phytase addition to a P-deficient corn-soybean meal diet. Phytase supplementation improved (P < .01) all criteria measured. Weight gain and gain:feed data suggested a response to citric acid addition, but this was not supported by fibula ash results (P > .10). The positive responses to phytase were much greater than those to citric acid in both pig experiments. Thus, dietary citric acid effectively improved phytate P utilization in chicks but had a much smaller effect in pigs.     

复方海南霉素钠溶液制备方法及其对鸡球虫感染的治疗效果观察

利用海南霉素钠、甲氧苄啶、乳化剂和适宜溶媒制备了复方海南霉素钠溶液,并对其质量进行了评价,在此基础上进一步观察了制备的复方海南霉素钠溶液对人工感染鸡球虫病的治疗效果。结果表明,制备的复方海南霉素钠溶液显深蓝色,含海南霉素钠为标示量的98.86%,稳定性试验重点考察项目均符合标准要求;人工感染球虫的试验组鸡群服用复方海南霉素钠溶液后,发生下痢的鸡只数和死亡鸡只数最少,且有效治愈率最高,为95%,明显高于2个对照组。制备的复方海南霉素钠溶液质量稳定,对鸡球虫感染具有良好的治疗效果。     

常见消毒剂对塞内卡病毒杀灭作用的比较研究

为比较常见消毒方法对塞内卡病毒的杀灭作用,开展了不同浓度苯酚溶液、复方甲酚皂消毒液、柠檬酸溶液、NaOH溶液、百毒杀消毒液、新洁尔灭消毒液、84消毒液以及75％酒精和紫外线,与SVA作用10 min、30 min和60 min杀灭效果的研究.结果显示,5.0％的苯酚溶液作用10 min,0.5％以上的NaOH作用10 ...     

天然防腐剂与冷却牛肉保鲜相关特性的研究

在冷却牛肉中添加茶多酚、L-抗坏血酸、BHT测定冷却牛肉贮藏期间脂肪氧化的变化(TBARS值)。结果显示0.2%的茶多酚抗氧化效果最佳,其次为BHT,L-抗坏血酸抗氧化能力最差。0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的茶多酚0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的壳聚糖、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%的山梨酸钾抑菌实验表明,各浓度的茶多酚、壳聚糖对冷却肉中的主要腐败菌(金黄色葡萄球菌G 、大肠杆菌G-,荧光假单胞杆菌G-、干酪乳杆菌G 、植物乳杆菌G )具有理想的抑制作用,并且可以联合应用。     

Use of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid to inhibit Salmonella and Listeria in raw meat for feline diets and palatability in domestic cats

While the raw pet food market continues to grow, the risk of bacterial contamination in these types of diets is a major concern, with Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes being the most frequently associated pathogens in raw pet food product recalls. dl-Methionine is included in some commercial feline kibble and canned diets to improve protein quality; however, an alternative to this is a liquid methionine supplement, 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMTBa), which is also an organic acid. 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid has previously demonstrated similar efficacy to formic acid against pathogens in a liquid environment and may be a good candidate to inhibit S. enterica and L. monocytogenes in raw ground meat. First, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of HMTBa against these pathogens under laboratory growth conditions were determined by measuring growth of pathogens over 36 h when exposed to 10 concentrations of HMTBa (0.10% to 1.00%) mixed with tryptic soy broth. 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid included at ≥0.50% was bactericidal to S. enterica and L. monocytogenes (P < 0.05). Next, five levels of HMTBa (0.50% to 1.25%) were included in raw ground meat mixtures inoculated with cocktails of S. enterica or L. monocytogenes, and contamination levels were determined at four timepoints: immediately, and after refrigerated storage (4 °C) at 24, 48, and 72 h after removal from freezer (24 h at −20 °C). 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid included as 1.25% of the meat mixture reduced S. enterica and L. monocytogenes compared with the control (P < 0.05); however, it did not result in total kill of either of these pathogens. Following this, feeding behaviors of seven domestic cats were assessed when offered a raw chicken diet treated with or without 1.25% HMTBa for 5 d each, after which a 2-d 2-choice preference test was conducted. Cats demonstrated a preference for raw diets without HMTBa, but still readily consumed diets with 1.25% HMTBa, suggesting that such a diet was still palatable to them.