X‐ray computed tomography of severed root wounds of Prunus serrulata and Zelkova serrata

The performance of laboratory X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) for the non‐destructive imaging of root wood was evaluated. Lateral roots of oriental cherry (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea) and Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata) were severed in spring and maintained in soil for 6 months. Without sectioning, XCT revealed the phloem, xylem and vascular cambium structures in the root wood. A virtual transverse section showed a ring of woundwood covering the severed, lateral root of the two trees. Different levels of X‐ray absorption were evident around the cut surfaces of P. serrulata; however, they were rarely detected in Z. serrata. More adventitious roots were observed on Z. serrata than on P. serrulata. Distinct white spots in the rays were only detected in Z. serrata. These results suggest that XCT has potential applications in forest pathology, providing virtual sections of wound closure, wood density distribution, organ redifferentiation, and mineral deposition in root wood.     

人文关怀在养老护理中的应用探讨

指出了随着我国医疗卫生事业的发展及人民生活水平的提高,我国人均寿命普遍延长,养老护理需求日益增多,尤其是对人文关怀的需求更高。从我国国情出发,介绍了人文关怀的内涵,我国养老护理人文关怀概况,养老护理人文关怀的必要性及提升人文关怀的策略,探讨了我国养老护理人文关怀的发展建议。     

浅谈室内植物的保健作用

从室内环境、室内植物和人三者之间的关系出发,阐述了室内植物对人体的直接保健作用和间接保健作用,以期对室内空气质量的提高和室内植物的科学配置提供借鉴。     

Observations on bark-stripping by red deer in a Picea sitchensis forest in Western Scotland over a 35-year period

The impact of bark-stripping by red deer on an 1825?ha plantation of Picea sitchensis is reported. Monitoring began in 1978 with initially 6500 trees at 37 sites; by 2014, only 10 sites remained due to felling. Sites became vulnerable to bark-stripping once the trees reached 7 years’ age, and from then until felling at age c. 45 years, incidence rates averaged 1% of the trees damaged yearly. Intense damage at a site in a year (>2% trees damaged) was often followed by intense damage next year, but, on average, 53% of sites were undamaged in a year. Many trees suffered repeat wounding, which reduced final impact by c. 30% compared to the theoretical impact calculated from annual damage and damage duration. The trees bark-stripped were on average smaller than plot mean girths once these means exceeded 20?cm; this had only a minor effect on the final impact since bark-stripped small trees had similar mortality to undamaged small trees. Most wounds (>90%) were small (<180?cm²) and healed quickly, so were unlikely to develop decay. Larger wounds never healed in less than 8 years, but the proportion healed increased progressively from 10 to 20 years after wounding.     

拟单性木兰属种子形态、化学鉴别的研究

采用种子外观形态观察、苯酚染色法和愈伤木酚染色法对木兰科拟单性木兰属的乐东拟单性木兰、云南拟单性木兰、光叶拟单性木兰的种子作了区别鉴定,结果表明:3个种的种子外观形态有一定差别,但差异表现不稳定.利用苯酚和愈伤木酚染色法可以通过处理后溶液的不同显色反应区分3个种的种子.     

庞泉沟自然保护区保健功能及效益研究

通过对庞泉沟自然保护区森林资源涵水净水、维持氧碳平衡、净化空气、产生负氧离子、消减噪音、调节气候、散发芳香物、保持眼视觉功能的分析可知区内环境清新、幽静、舒适,对人体有良好的保健作用,折算成货币,其保健效益为173.4万元/a.     

Effects of mechanical damage and herbivore wounding on H2O2 metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in hybrid poplar leaves

The changes of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in a hybrid poplar (Populus simonii × P. pyramidalis ‘Opera 8277’) in response to mechanical damage (MD) and herbivore wounding (HW) were investigated to determine whether H₂O₂ could function as the secondary messenger in the signaling of systemic resistance. Results show that H₂O₂ was generated in wounded leaves through MD and HW treatments and systemically in unwounded leaves around the wounded leaves. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were also enhanced. However, the H₂O₂ accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities were inhibited in MD leaves through the pretreatment with DPI (which is a specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase). The results of this study suggest that H₂O₂ could be systemically induced by MD and HW treatments, and H₂O₂ metabolism was closely related to the change in SOD, APX and CAT activities. A high level of antioxidant enzymes could decrease membrane lipid peroxidation levels and effectively induce plant defense responses. Foundation project: This research is supported by the Key Science Program of the Sate Forestry Administration of China (2006–59), and the National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China (2006BAD01A15; 2006BAD24B04). Biography: AN Yu (1982–), female, Postgraduate in College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.     

Effects of mechanical damage and herbivore wounding on H_2O_2 metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in hybrid poplar leaves

The changes of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in a hybrid poplar(Populus simonii ×P.pyramidalis ‘Opera 8277') in response to mechanical damage(MD) and herbivore wounding(HW) were investigated to determine whether H2O2 could function as the secondary messenger in the signaling of systemic resistance.Results show that H2O2 was generated in wounded leaves through MD and HW treatments and systemically in unwounded leaves around the wounded leaves.The activities of antioxida...     

金边瑞香离体培养中芽和愈伤组织诱导初步研究

以MS为基本培养基，附加激素KT、NAA、6-BA、IAA、ZT进行试验，发现不同的激素组合、不同的激素水平处理对芽及愈伤组织诱导影响较大，其中以MS附加ZT1．0mg／L的培养基上芽的诱导率最高．高达94％．且诱导时间短，芽生长健壮。     

新疆杨胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因的克隆与表达

杨树受损伤后能诱导一些基因的表达,其编码的蛋白质可能在杨树的防卫反应中起一定作用.用PCR方法从新疆杨叶片中克隆出一个损伤诱导型Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因PaTI1.序列分析表明:此基因不含内含子,其翻译起点上游具有'TATA'和 'CCAAT'等转录控制元件,包含的阅读框架能编码一个长为213个氨基酸的多肽.此多肽与克隆自美洲山杨的PtTI2 和PtTI1氨基酸序列同源性最高,分别为95%和80%,其N端存在一长度为27个氨基酸的信号肽.将此基因以融合蛋白的形式在大肠杆菌中进行表达,纯化后的融合蛋白对胰蛋白酶的活性有抑制作用,每8.5 μg融合蛋白可完全抑制1 μg牛胰蛋白酶的活性.Western blot分析表明融合蛋白与PtTI2特异的抗体之间有明显的血清学反应.     

桉树和相思树Ceratocystis枝干枯萎病研究进展

Ceratocystis致病菌可感染树木枝干和根部的伤口部位,导致被感染部位枯萎,严重情况下可导致枝干或整株树木死亡。桉树和相思树是世界热带、亚热带地区的重要商品林树种,Ceratocystis枝干枯萎病给桉树和相思树的健康发展带来了一定的威胁,特别是在东南亚和非洲地区。最近,本文作者从广东湛江地区的桉树商品林里面分离并鉴定到两个Ceratocystis种,Cacaciivora和一个新描述的种Cchineucensis,致病力测试显示Cacaciivora对测试的桉树无性系具有较强的致病力,桉树不同无性系对Cacaciivora的抗性存在显著的差异。本文介绍了Ceratocystis的生物学特性、分类依据和方法,在世界范围内的分布和危害以及防控措施,以应对Ceratocystis病原对我国华南桉树和相思树商品林的危害。     

沙棘的开发利用研究与应用

本文对沙棘的化学成分、药用保健、生态、经济价值进行了概述,并对沙棘的开发利用提出了几点建议。     

浅谈林业在国民休闲与养生保健中的作用

阐述了我国林业主要功能和在国民休闲与养生保健中的重要作用,指出了发挥林业休闲养生保健作用要重点突出三个主要途径,并提出了发展林业休闲养生保健产业对策建议。