不同施肥模式下玉米氮、磷、钾吸收利用特性研究

通过两年田间试验,研究农民习惯施肥模式与优化施肥模式对玉米产量、氮磷钾积累分配及利用的影响。结果表明,优化施肥模式的玉米产量较农民习惯施肥模式提高了9.2%和8.5%,差异达显著水平(P0.05)。施肥可显著提高玉米苗期至成熟期氮、磷、钾积累量,优化施肥模式可提高玉米灌浆期至成熟期氮、磷、钾积累量和开花期至成熟期阶段养分分配比例。与农民习惯施肥模式相比,优化施肥模式的玉米肥料吸收利用率提高50.2%,农学利用率提高51.7%,偏生产力提高36.5%,养分收获指数提高8.3%。差异均达显著水平(P0.05)。相关分析表明,玉米苗期至开花期和开花期至成熟期氮、磷、钾积累量与玉米产量间均存在显著或极显著正相关。优化施肥模式通过控制氮、磷、钾肥总量与氮肥分期调控,使玉米产量、氮磷钾养分吸收利用均优于农民习惯施肥模式。     

黑龙江省盐渍化土壤油用亚麻高产、优质、高效栽培技术模式研究

为了在盐渍化土壤地区发展油用亚麻种植业,最大限度的挖掘油用亚麻的增产潜力,提高油用亚麻单位面积的产量和质量,增加工、农业收入,在黑龙江省大庆市星火牧场开展了"盐渍化土壤油用亚麻高产、优质、高效栽培技术模式研究"的田间试验.探讨不同栽培模式对盐渍化土壤地区油用亚麻产量、质量和经济性状的影响,建立了盐渍化土壤地区亚麻高产、优质、高效栽培技术模式.     

盐渍化土壤汉麻高产、优质、高效栽培技术模式研究

2014年开展了"盐渍化土壤汉麻高产、优质、高效栽培技术模式研究与示范"项目的研究。试验在大庆市星火牧场进行,土壤为盐渍化土壤,试验以优良品种"火麻一号"为前提,以当地自然条件为依据,对传统技术和创新技术进行优化与集成,开展大面积示范和对比试验,分析汉麻主要生物性状、生长动态和产量,并进行栽培模式研究,建立了盐渍化土壤汉麻高产、优质、高效栽培技术模式,为盐渍化土壤汉麻高产、稳产、高效栽培提供了可靠的技术保证。     

盐碱地纤维亚麻高产、优质、高效栽培技术模式的研究

根据盐碱土地区的生态环境条件。结合纤维亚麻生长发育规律,进行“盐碱地纤维亚麻高产、优质、高效栽培技术模式的研究”田间试验。探讨各栽培模式对盐碱土地区纤维亚麻产、质量及经济性状的影响。建立盐碱地亚麻高产、优质、高效栽培技术模式。     

“稻+鱼+再生稻”模式对稻田土壤氮、磷、钾养分含量的影响

设置头季稻+鱼(或泥鳅)+再生稻的栽培模式,水稻品种选用黄华占和Y两优800,分析两种模式下土壤中全量氮、磷、钾含量与速效氮、磷、钾含量表现,结果表明:(1)稻鱼模式和稻鳅模式可增加土壤中全效养分含量,全氮、全磷、全钾含量在整个生育期内维持在一个相对稳定的状态,其中以稻鱼处理效果更明显,总体高于对照田.头季稻与再生季两个生育季内全氮、全磷处于相对稳定的状态,全钾含量则在再生季略有下降;(2)稻鱼模式和稻鳅模式提高了土壤中速效养分含量,孕穗期、灌浆期、成熟期含量比分蘖期时有所提升,稻鱼模式下土壤速效养分含量整体表现要高于稻鳅模式.两个水稻品种再生季的土壤速效养分含量变化规律性不明显,但整体维持在相对稳定水平.     

麦、菜、棉三熟高产高效栽培技术

麦棉套种4—2式是目前推广面积较大的种植模式,它具有麦棉矛盾小、有利于棉花壮苗早发的优点。但4—2式预留棉行空挡较大,浪费了小麦播种至棉花播种期间的光能及土地资源。为此,近年来我们试验示范了小麦、蒜苗、棉花和小麦、甘蓝、棉花两种间套模式,取得了较好的经济效益。两种栽培模式一般每公顷产小麦6000kg,蒜苗1.5万公斤或甘蓝2.25万～3.0万公斤,皮棉1200kg。每公顷总产值近4.5万元。现将小麦、甘蓝、棉花高效间套栽培技术介绍如下。1　种植方式采用麦棉套种4—2式,1.6m一带,种4行小麦,占地60cm,预留棉行占地100cm,小麦播种前按此规格…     

菜、稻、薯三熟三高产高效栽培模式

采用菜、优质稻、甘薯水旱轮作种植模式,通过合理轮作,合理安排,科学管理,不仅提高了农田复种指数,保证粮食安全,而且获得三熟三高产、高效的经济效益。     

糯玉米、樱桃小番茄、胡萝卜搭配栽培模式

通过鲜食糯玉米、樱桃小番茄、胡萝卜的合理搭配种植,使作物间可以获得良好的空间互补效应,充分利用了土地空间。这种模式既保证了糯玉米的不同上市时间,又解决了小番茄露地苗期移栽缓苗的弊端,还躲避了胡萝卜伏天种植的不利环境,从而有效地提高了单位面积的产出和效益。     

天津市马铃薯产业现状、存在问题及发展对策

通过实地走访、座谈和查阅资料等方式,了解天津市马铃薯产业发展的现状,对其存在的问题进行了分析,提出了加快品种更新换代、加强病虫害防控、加强高效种植模式研究利用、创新销售模式、推动标准化种植和鼓励建设商品薯贮藏库等产业发展对策。     

榨菜、豇豆、棉花一年三熟高效栽培模式

2003年秋季～2004年秋季，作者在安裕乡一分局村1组、2组、3组、7组共17个农户的1．67hm^2棉地里，采用榨菜——豇豆(俗称豆角)——棉花一年三熟复种的栽培模式，提高了复种指数，增加了经济效益。现将这一模式简述如下。     

Beans of high or low toxicity

Extracts of seeds from four bean cultivars representing the four hemagglutinin specifity types were injected into mice. The lethal doses LD₅₀ when injected by the intraperitoneal route were for type A; 470 mg/kg, type B; 1500 mg/kg, type C; 590 mg/kg, and type D; >3000 mg/kg calculated as injected bean protein per kg of body weight. When applied intravenously the D-type extract resulted also the less toxic. Intradermal injections of the four extracts produced local lesions which were most severe with the A-type extracts and very light with the D-type extracts. The genetical selection of the non-toxic D-type beans is recommended.     

Effects of ovariectomy or orchidectomy and estradiol valerate or testosterone enanthate replacement on serum insulin in rats

Various clinical observations and experimental data from in vitro studies suggest that insulin and sex hormones interact. The main purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of testosterone and estradiol on serum insulin in rats. Seven week old male and female albino (Wistar) rats were used in our study. Testosterone enanthate (50 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) or estradiol valerate (200 microg kg(-1) day(-l)) were injected intraperiotenally or subcutaneously in orchidectomised or ovariectomised rats, respectively. In orchidectomised rats, serum insulin was decreased compared with control animals (p < 0.01), on the other hand, decreasing of serum insulin was prevented by testosterone replacement (p < 0.001). In ovariectomised rats, serum insulin was also decreased compared with control group (p < 0.01) and decreasing of serum insulin was prevented by estradiol replacement (p < 0.05). Conclusively, present findings indicated that testosterone or estradiol were serum insulin enhancer hormones in male or female rats, respectively.     

绿色(有机)稻米产业化开发模式初探Ⅱ绿色(有机)稻米的生产与范例

(接上期) 3 绿色(有机)稻米的生产与范例 3.1 绿色(有机)稻米生产中农药使用的控制 (根据中华人民共和国农业行业标准 NY/T393-2000) 3.1.1 生产绿色稻米的农药使用原则 ①允许使用植物源农药、动物源农药和微生物源农药.     

Tuning the properties of PVDF or PVDF-HFP fibrous materials decorated with ZnO nanoparticles by applying electrospinning alone or in conjunction with electrospraying

Novel composite nanofibrous materials of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) or poly(vinylidene fluoride-cohexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by conjunction of electrospinning and electrospraying techniques. Simultaneous electrospinning of concentrated solution of PVDF or PVDF-HFP and electrospraying of suspension of ZnO in diluted PVDF or PVDF-HFP solution enable the preparation of materials consisting of fibers on which ZnO was deposited on the fibers’ surface (design type “on”). These fibrous materials were compared with materials consisting of PVDF or PVDF-HFP fibers in which ZnO was incorporated in the fibers (design type “in”) and which were obtained by one-pot electrospinning of a suspension of ZnO nanoparticles in concentrated PVDF or PVDF-HFP solution. The fiber morphology and the presence of ZnO “in” or “on” the fibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of the used technique on the type, size and shape of the obtained structures was discussed. The fibrous mats were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle measurements and mechanical tests as well. It was found that the decoration of fibers with ZnO resulted in increase of their thermal stability and hydrophobicity. The microbiological tests showed that the materials of design type “on” possessed strong antibacterial activity against the pathogenic microorganism Staphylococcus aureus. The results suggest that, due to their antibacterial activity, the obtained composite materials are suitable for wound dressing applications.     

Wheat/maize or wheat/soybean strip intercropping: II. Recovery or compensation of maize and soybean after wheat harvesting

While early-maturing crops benefit from intercropping, late-maturing crops usually suffer growth penalties during the intercropping phase. It is possible, however, that recovery or compensation of the late-maturing crops occurs after the harvest of the early-maturing crops. Three field experiments were conducted at Baiyun in 1997 and at Jingtan in 1997 and 1998 to test the hypothesis in wheat/maize and wheat/soybean intercropping. The biomass and nutrient accumulation in intercropped soybean were significantly smaller than in sole soybean before wheat harvest but thereafter increased sharply at Jingtan site in 1997. The rates of dry matter accumulation in the intercropped maize (10.0–20.1 g/m² per day) were significantly lower than those in the sole maize (17.1–34.8 g/m² per day) during the early stage from 7 May to 3 August, while mostly intercropped with wheat. After 3 August, however, the rates of intercropped maize, increasing to 58.9–69.9 g/m² per day, was significantly greater than in sole maize (22.7–51.8 g/m² per day) at Baiyun site in 1997 and nutrient acquisition showed the same trends as growth. At Jingtan site in 1998, the disadvantage of the border row of intercropped maize resulted from interspecific competition diminished after wheat harvest and disappeared at maize maturity. It was concluded that there was indeed recovery of growth after wheat harvesting in wheat/maize and wheat/soybean intercropping. However, the recovery was limited under N₀P₀ treatment. The interspecific competition, facilitation and recovery are together contributed to yield advantage of intercropping.     

盐碱土壤改良种稻措施

介绍了在北方盐碱土壤地区可通过挖深排水沟、加强旋耕整地、掺砂填煤灰、施用沸石粉、蓄水洗碱等方法进行土壤改良,以提高水稻产量。     

盐碱稻区稻水蝇的发生与防治

稻水蝇以幼虫危害水稻根部为主,对水稻产量影响较大,人们可以通过其形态特征和生活习性进行种类识别,在防治过程中要以农业防治和药剂防治相结合,才能达到理想效果。     

水稻不同品种(组合)谷粒分离力研究

水稻谷粒分离力指将稻谷谷粒从穗上拉下时所需的拉力,该指标是影响水稻脱粒性能的主要因素。分离力太小,稻谷在收获作业过程中,特别是机械收获时,极易丢粒。造成较大的落粒损失。分离力太大,则造成脱粒困难。在收获过程中产生较大的脱不净损失,本试验的目的在于研究水稻不同品种(组合)的谷粒分离力的一些特点,为减少稻谷收获过程中的损失提供参考依据。