敌百虫、E.1059、E.605的毒力比较和内渗效力的生物测定

敌百虫的广泛应用已经有二十多年历史。对药效及应用技术的报导甚多,但通过生物测定方法,同主要有机磷杀虫剂E.1059(内吸杀虫剂)和E.605(非内吸杀虫剂)对不同目昆虫的作用和毒力差别,尚未见国内有过报告。至于敌百虫能通过浸种进入幼苗组织     

5种杀虫剂防治西番莲大斑芫菁的药效试验

通过室内药剂试验 ,发现敌百虫1000倍液、辛硫磷1000倍液、多虫清2000倍液、功夫4000倍液、巴丹1000倍液等 5种药剂都对大斑芫菁有较好的胃毒效果。其中敌百虫触杀效果较好 ,见效快、持效长 ,在施药12h后 ,大斑芫菁平均死亡率达到100%。通过对敌百虫浓度梯度试验表明 ,在生产上使用90%敌百虫原粉3000倍液防治西番莲大斑芫菁较理想 ,既可收到较好的防治效果 ,又能降低生产成本     

龙眼、荔枝树上三角新小卷蛾对敌百虫敏感性测定

通过室内药效测定和敌百虫对三角新小卷蛾乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制,研究了危害龙眼、荔枝的三角新小卷蛾幼虫对敌百虫的敏感性。结果表明,龙眼及荔枝三角新小卷蛾幼虫对敌百虫的敏感性无差异,但同种果树上的幼虫对不同浓度的敌百虫敏感性差异极显著,90％敌百虫800、1000倍液对危害龙眼的老熟幼虫乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制率为75.85％、50.00％,对危害荔枝的老熟幼虫乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制率为73.19％、49.94％。     

几种杀虫剂对斯氏线虫的毒力

通过药剂对线虫的生存力和侵染力影响的试验结果说明,在供试的三种杀虫药剂中,巴丹对斯氏线虫的毒性最大,敌百虫对线虫具有一定的毒性,而氰戊菊酯对线虫几乎无毒牲.巴丹和敌百虫还可导致斯氐线虫处于亚致死状态.     

利用分子印迹固相萃取技术净化韭菜中残留的敌百虫

以敌百虫为模板,以 α -甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为单体、偶氮二异庚腈(ABVN)为引发剂、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TRIM)为交联剂以及乙腈为溶剂,在 n (敌百虫) : n (MAA) : n (TRIM)=1 :8 :40的条件下制备了敌百虫的分子印迹聚合物(敌百虫-MIP)。该MIP对敌百虫的吸附率是非印迹聚合物(NIP)的2.4倍,印迹效果良好。敌百虫-MIP-固相萃取柱对韭菜样品中杂质的去除效果明显好于C18固相萃取柱。在1 ~0.05 mg/kg添加水平内,韭菜中敌百虫的添加回收率在92.7% ~84.7%之间,相对标准偏差( RSD )在8.5% ~4.3%之间,检测限(LOD)为0.01 mg/kg。     

采用31P- NMR研究甲胺磷与敌百虫的水解反应历程

本文采用^31P-NMR跟踪甲胺磷和敌百虫的31P水解产物的化学位移和积分值的变化,从而探讨了甲胺磷和敌百虫水解反应的历程.     

敌百虫的液相色谱分析方法

本文采用即以乙腈+水(50+50)为流动相,用CN柱和紫外检测器分离测定敌百虫原药及40%敌·毒乳油中敌百虫反相高效液相色谱法。结果表明,本方法的标准偏差为0.3233,变异系数为0.3551%,平均回收率为99.65%,线性相关系数为0.9997。     

2016年福泉市马陆大发生原因与防治对策

近年来,马陆在贵州很多地方暴发成灾,对老百姓造成一定程度的恐慌.通过研究和探讨马陆发生的原因及防治方法,用毒死蜱、敌百虫、敌敌畏毒杀马陆的效果较好.此外,撒施生石灰、用开水烫和火烧也能迅速有效地杀死马陆.     

杀虫剂混剂对害虫和大白鼠的毒效比较

本文比较了马拉硫磷、敌百虫、NIA₁₆₃₈₈单剂和混剂对抗性玉米螟和大白鼠的毒效,以及几种混剂的田间防治效果。实验表明,马拉硫磷和敌百虫混配对抗性玉米螟具有显著的增效作用,对大鼠也有明显的增毒作用。而当NIA₁₆₃₈₈与马拉硫磷、敌百虫混配时,对抗性玉米螟的毒效比马敌(马拉硫磷+敌百虫)混剂增效3.1倍,但对大鼠毒性降低7.2倍。文章对可能的增效机理作了讨论。     

杀虫剂对橘小实蝇毒力测定方法的筛选和应用

应用药膜法、点滴法、圆筒滤纸法和饲喂法测定了敌百虫、高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素对橘小实蝇成虫的毒力。结果表明,不同的药剂所适用的毒力测定方法并不完全相同。4种方法均适用于敌百虫对橘小实蝇成虫的毒力测定,饲喂法不适用于高效氯氰菊酯,圆筒滤纸法不适用于阿维菌素。应用点滴法和药膜法测定了橘小实蝇广州种群对辛硫磷、敌百虫、氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、甲维盐、阿维菌素的抗性程度。药膜法所测得的橘小实蝇对拟除虫菊酯类农药的抗性倍数略低于点滴法。点滴法和药膜法的测定结果均能一致反映橘小实蝇田间种群对杀虫剂的抗性水平。     

Encounter the poultry red mite resistance to acaricides in Czechoslovak poultry-farming

Poultry red mite susceptibility to permethrin, deltamethrin, tetramethrin, trichlorfon, fenitrothion, carbaryl and DDT, respectively, was screened within the territory of Bohemia by a method of diagnostic doses. The survey indicated widely spread resistance to DDT; in a few cases ineffectivity of permethrin, tetramethrin and trichlorfon, respectively, was also documented.     

Effects of trichlorfon and sodium dodecyl sulphate on antioxidant defense system and acetylcholinesterase of Tilapia nilotica in vitro

The effects of organophosphorus insecticide trichlorfon, surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and the mixture of trichlorfon and SDS on the antioxidant defense system and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Tilapia nilotica were assessed in vitro. Various concentrations of trichlorfon (0, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 g/L) and SDS (0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 g/L) were incubated with homogenate of liver and muscle, respectively, at 25 °C for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min. Two concentrations of mixture of trichlorfon and SDS (0.0001 g/L trichlorfon + 0.5 g/L SDS, 0.1 g/L trichlorfon + 0.5 g/L SDS) and 0.0001 g/L trichlorfon, 0.1 g/L trichlorfon, 0.5 g/L SDS and control, were incubated simultaneously with homogenate of liver and muscle, respectively, at 25 °C for 60 min. After incubation, the content of reduced-glutathione (GSH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in homogenate of liver were determined, and the activities of AChE in homogenate of muscle were also measured.Treatment with trichlorfon caused a significant concentration-dependent and time-related inhibition of AChE activity at all treatment concentrations and times since trichlorfon is a cholinesterase inhibitor. For the same trichlorfon treatment, an apparent decrease in GSH content was found in concentration of 0.01, 0.1, 1 g/L, whereas no significant alteration in antioxidant enzyme activity were found at all experiment concentrations and times, which might indicate that antioxidant enzymes have not involved in the metabolism of trichlorfon. The depletion of GSH might indicate that ROS could be involved in the toxic effects of trichlorfon. Exposure of SDS can inhibit activities of AChE, GST and CAT at concentrations of 0.5 and/or 1 g/L, which could be due to the denaturing process of SDS to the enzymes. For the mixture exposure of trichlorfon and SDS, the effect of the mixture of 0.0001 g/L trichlorfon and 0.5 g/L SDS on inhibition of AChE shows synergistic other than simple additive of trichlorfon and SDS. The combined effects of chemicals and detergents deserve to be particularly noted. It should be noted that the toxicity experiments were made in tissue homogenates instead of whole organisms. The responses against the toxic compounds will not be the same in both systems.     

Effects of trichlorfon and sodium dodecyl sulphate on antioxidant defense system and acetylcholinesterase of Tilapia nilotica in vitro

The effects of organophosphorus insecticide trichlorfon, surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and the mixture of trichlorfon and SDS on the antioxidant defense system and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Tilapia nilotica were assessed in vitro. Various concentrations of trichlorfon (0, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 g/L) and SDS (0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 g/L) were incubated with homogenate of liver and muscle, respectively, at 25 °C for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min. Two concentrations of mixture of trichlorfon and SDS (0.0001 g/L trichlorfon + 0.5 g/L SDS, 0.1 g/L trichlorfon + 0.5 g/L SDS) and 0.0001 g/L trichlorfon, 0.1 g/L trichlorfon, 0.5 g/L SDS and control, were incubated simultaneously with homogenate of liver and muscle, respectively, at 25 °C for 60 min. After incubation, the content of reduced-glutathione (GSH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in homogenate of liver were determined, and the activities of AChE in homogenate of muscle were also measured.Treatment with trichlorfon caused a significant concentration-dependent and time-related inhibition of AChE activity at all treatment concentrations and times since trichlorfon is a cholinesterase inhibitor. For the same trichlorfon treatment, an apparent decrease in GSH content was found in concentration of 0.01, 0.1, 1 g/L, whereas no significant alteration in antioxidant enzyme activity were found at all experiment concentrations and times, which might indicate that antioxidant enzymes have not involved in the metabolism of trichlorfon. The depletion of GSH might indicate that ROS could be involved in the toxic effects of trichlorfon. Exposure of SDS can inhibit activities of AChE, GST and CAT at concentrations of 0.5 and/or 1 g/L, which could be due to the denaturing process of SDS to the enzymes. For the mixture exposure of trichlorfon and SDS, the effect of the mixture of 0.0001 g/L trichlorfon and 0.5 g/L SDS on inhibition of AChE shows synergistic other than simple additive of trichlorfon and SDS. The combined effects of chemicals and detergents deserve to be particularly noted. It should be noted that the toxicity experiments were made in tissue homogenates instead of whole organisms. The responses against the toxic compounds will not be the same in both systems.     

毛细管气相色谱法分析敌百虫

本文介绍了以大口径毛细管分析敌百虫的气相色谱法,在不分流进样模式下,能够得到理想的线性关系,方法的回收率及精密度均符合定量分析要求。     

Determination of trichlorfon and fenthion residues in animals of different species

Original results of analyses of residues of trichlorfon and fenthion and its metabolites following application of commercial products to cattle, sheep and pigs, together with results taken from the literature are compared. Despite the use of higher dose rates of trichlorfon, residues are lower than those of fenthion after dermal application. On the other hand, the residues of trichlorfon that occur in the animals following oral application briefly approach the theoretical maximum level in the tissues. The results are discussed in relation to the physical and chemical properties of the pesticides and their metabolites.     

水溶性氮酮、丙二醇和薄荷醇对水产用敌百虫体外经皮渗透的影响

为筛选水产用敌百虫的适用促渗剂,采用Franz扩散法,以杂交鳢[Channa maculate(♀)×Channa argus(♀)]的离体皮肤作为透皮屏障,研究了水溶性氮酮、丙二醇和薄荷醇对敌百虫体外经皮渗透的影响,采用气相色谱法(GC)测定各时间点接收液中敌百虫的浓度,通过计算在不同浓度促渗剂作用下敌百虫的平均累积渗透量(Q)、经皮吸收速率(Js)、渗透系数(KP)和增渗比(ER)等参数来比较渗透效果。结果显示:丙二醇和低浓度水溶性氮酮均具有促渗作用,其作用由强至弱依次为:体积分数为1×10-2的丙二醇>6×10-7的丙二醇>6×10-7的水溶性氮酮;而体积分数为1×10-2的水溶性氮酮对敌百虫的体外经皮渗透则表现出一定的拮抗作用;薄荷醇对敌百虫的经皮渗透无明显影响。     

Neonicotinoid insecticides alter diapause behavior and survival of overwintering white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

The chloronicotinyl, imidacloprid, and the thianicotinyl, thiamethoxam, are effective insecticides against white grubs when applied as preventative treatments during or immediately after egg laying. Their efficacy sharply declines when the grubs reach late-instar stage. As both imidacloprid and thiamethoxam act on post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and modify insect behavior, we hypothesized that the two compounds will interfere with overwintering behavior of scarabs, thus reducing their ecological fitness and exposing them to increased winter mortality. We tested this hypothesis by applying the two compounds curatively against late second-instar and early third-instar Popillia japonica and Cyclocephala borealis grubs in turfgrass. Imidacloprid provided control of P japonica equivalent to the most widely used curative organophosphate, trichlorfon, by 14 days after treatment, but thiamethoxam had no affect. In contrast, both imidacloprid and thiamethoxam caused significant reductions in C borealis populations. Both insecticides altered the overwintering behavior of P japonica by significantly reducing the normal downward movement of grubs in October. Halofenozide, an ecdysone agonist, also caused rapid mortality of the late second-instar C borealis equivalent to trichlorfon, but had no affect on P japonica. In another experiment on a site naturally infested with entomopathogenic nematodes, the exclusive treatment of third-instar P japonica with imidacloprid resulted in no significant mortality in the autumn (up to 15 days after treatment), but caused a significant reduction in the survival of overwintered grubs. There was an increase in the numbers of grubs infected with nematodes in the imidacloprid and trichlorfon treatments compared with control, but these differences were significant only for trichlorfon. These results indicate that imidacloprid can effectively control late second-instars of both P japonca and C borealis and can significantly reduce survival of overwintered third-instar P japonica by altering their normal overwintering behavior.