鸡禽流感和新城疫双针免疫试验

目的对同时接种禽流感灭活苗和鸡新城疫油乳剂灭活疫苗的鸡群这两种病的免疫效果进行评价。方法禽流感灭活苗和新城疫同时接种雏鸡,其中新城疫使用新城疫Ⅳ系苗首免,用新城疫油乳剂灭活苗二免。结果可产生高水平的抗体,且抗体维持时间长,能很好的抵抗病毒的攻击,接种雏鸡后,可使原有抗体水平相差悬殊的鸡群产生高效价,较为整齐的抗体,免疫6个月后,HI抗体仍在6log2以上。结论鸡禽流感和新城疫双针免疫可达到较好免疫效果。     

IBD地方流行株油乳剂灭活苗的制备及免疫效果研究

将分离于齐齐哈尔市郊区的传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株(QJ08),接种适龄易感鸡和SPF鸡胚,分别收集法氏囊和鸡胚组织,经病毒检测灭活后制备油乳剂灭活苗,并对其进行试验室和临床免疫效果比较。结果表明:该疫苗可提供90%以上的免疫保护。抗体转阳90%以上,琼脂扩散试验(AGP)抗体效价平均可达2.5log2;制备的油乳剂灭疫苗对当地流行的法氏囊病有良好的防制效果。     

禽流感H5亚型油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫丹顶鹤抗体消长规律

用禽流感H5N1亚型油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫丹顶鹤,免疫后不同时间检测H5亚型HI抗体,结果表明,免疫后2周即能检测出抗体,之后逐渐上升,至第八周抗体水平达到高峰且较稳定,然后缓慢下降,免疫后20周时免疫抗体降至3.38log2,保护期可达4～5个月。新生丹顶鹤初免后4周免疫抗体低于保护临界值(临界值为4log2)。二次免疫后4周可使免疫抗体达到免疫保护临界值,并可持续4个月以上。     

南平市延平区高致病性禽流感H5亚型免疫抗体检测与分析

为了掌握高致病性禽流感H5亚型免疫效果情况,于2013-2016年春秋两季集中免疫结束后对延平区家禽随机抽样,共采集血清样品4 953份,并进行免疫抗体检测。结果表明:鸡和鸭免疫抗体合格率均高于85%以上,且鸡免疫抗体合格率高于鸭。     

H5亚型禽流感疫苗对鸡鸭免疫效果的测定与分析

在非疫区用H5亚型禽流感疫苗对20日龄以上鸡、鸭进行免疫试验,并对其结果进行比较和分析,得出不同日龄的鸡鸭免疫接种H5亚型禽流感疫苗20 d后其HI抗体效价不同,不同种类的家禽的免疫效果也不相同。75日龄肉鸡所产生的HI抗体效价最高,达6.4 log2。而75日龄肉鸭的HI抗体只有2.5 log2。     

细菌性腹泻的疫苗

（1）常规疫苗可分为多价现地株灭活苗、多价菌毛亚单位苗两大类；按佐剂类型还可分为油乳剂灭活苗、蜂胶佐剂灭活苗、铝胶佐剂灭活苗和蜂胶中药佐荆灭活苗等多种剂型。以蜂胶和蜂胶中药佐剂灭活苗效果最佳。     

德宏本地麻鸭幼鸭病毒性肝炎的发生与诊治

正幼鸭的病毒性肝炎是一种传播快、死亡率的急性病,常在1~2 d内雏鸭发病率可达50%以上,在新疫区死亡率可达50%以上。1流行特点主要发生于雏鸭,对成年鸭没有致病性,鸡和鹅不感染,3~25日龄的幼鸭最易感,发病率达100%。该病的死亡率因年龄不同而不同,1周龄死亡率为95%,2~3周龄死亡率为50%,4~5周龄的鸭基本不死亡或极少发生     

鸡致病性大肠杆菌油乳剂灭活苗的制备

从山西某地3家鸡场分离出6株鸡大肠杆菌。将分离菌株分别接种试验动物,对小白鼠致死率达83.33%。选择全部致死小白鼠的菌株制成每毫升含100亿个大肠杆菌的油乳剂灭活苗。经试验证明,本疫苗安全、有效。每只鸡免疫接种0.5mL,临床无不良反应,对地方性鸡大肠杆菌病有较好的预防作用。     

H5亚型禽流感疫苗对鸡鸭免疫效果的测定与分析

在非疫区用H5亚型禽流感疫苗对20日龄以上鸡、鸭进行免疲试验，并对其结果进行比较和分析，得出不同日龄的鸡鸭免疫接种H5亚型禽流感疫苗20d后其HI抗体效价不同．不同种类的家禽的免疫效果也不相同。75日龄肉鸡所产生的HI抗体效价最高，达6．4log2。而75日龄肉鸭的HI抗体只有2．5log2。     

我国H5N1禽流感疫苗研究取得新突破

<正>近年来,哈尔滨兽医研究所在新型禽流感疫苗的研制方面取得了显著进展。2007年研制成功的表达H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的重组新城疫病毒载体疫苗,可以同时预防H5N1禽流感和鸡新城疫两种家禽烈性传染病。2010年研制成功的表达H5亚型HA基因的重组鸭瘟病毒载体疫苗,可以显著提高H5N1禽流感的免疫覆盖率。2013年研制成功的H5N1禽流感DNA疫苗,具有易于生产和储存,可以同时诱导细胞和体液     

野生水禽高致病性禽流感卵黄抗体监测

为了解野生水禽对高致病性禽流感病毒(AIV)自然被动免疫状况,于2010—2011年,在大庆龙凤湿地分别采集绿头鸭、须浮鸥、黑翅长脚鹬三种野生水禽巢卵150、184和128枚,采用血凝抑制试验检测H5和H7两种AIV的卵黄抗体。结果表明,绿头鸭H5和H7亚型禽流感卵黄抗体的阳性率分别为53.33%和14.67%,平均卵黄抗体滴度分别为4.55和3.45(log2);须浮鸥H5和H7亚型禽流感卵黄抗体的阳性率分别为34.78%和11.96%,平均卵黄抗体滴度分别为3.78和3.18(log2);黑翅长脚鹬H5和H7亚型禽流感卵黄抗体的阳性率分别为31.25%和9.38%,平均卵黄抗体滴度分别为3.85和3.67(log2)。由此可见,野生水禽种群对于高致病性禽流感的接触情况是较为频繁的,提示需要进一步加强对其种群的病毒携带情况进行监测。     

Vaccination of turbot, Psetta maxima (L.), against the protozoan parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi: effects on antibody production and protection

The efficacy of a vaccine against the fish pathogen Philasterides dicentrarchi was evaluated in turbot by measuring the production of specific antibodies and duration of protection. Four groups of turbot were vaccinated twice, on days 0 and 30, with phosphate-buffered saline, mineral oil adjuvant, antigen or antigen plus adjuvant. Specific serum antibodies were determined on day 0 and 1 month after the first and the second vaccinations. Protection was evaluated 1 month after the first vaccination and 1 and 5 months after the second vaccination. Serum antibody titres, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and protection, assessed by challenges, increased significantly 1 month after the second vaccination in the group injected with antigen plus adjuvant and the protection lasted for at least a further 5 months in this group. The relative protection was 77% and 66% 1 and 5 months after the second vaccination, respectively. Administration of antigen or adjuvant separately had no effect on antibody response or protection. The results indicate that emulsion containing antigen plus adjuvant induced durable protection against P. dicentrarchi after the administration of the two vaccinations, and that this preparation can be used as a vaccine against the pathogen.     

添加动植物性油脂填饲对鸭肥肝性能的差异影响

在骡鸭与樱桃谷鸭的填肥料中添加4%玉米油或鸭油,研究添加动植物油脂填饲对鸭产肝性能的差异影响。结果表明:添加玉米油,与添加鸭油填饲相比,2个品种鸭获得较高的肝重与较低的料肝比,且骡鸭添加玉米油组的肥肝率显著高于鸭油组(高出30%);经填饲,骡鸭的肥肝重较樱桃谷鸭高,同时料肝比较低,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。意味着肥肝生产中,填饲时添加玉米油较添加鸭油更利于提高产肝性能;并且对骡鸭更有效。对于其根本原因,需进一步从分子水平上研究鸭肝的生脂酶基因、与甘油三酯分泌及脂肪分解相关酶基因的表达差异。     

鱼油微囊化工艺及其特性研究

研究了鱼油微囊工艺及特性，采用喷雾干燥法进行鱼油微囊化研究。混合表面活性剂最适HLB值为7．5。乳液粘度影响乳液稳定性及喷雾干燥效果。固形物含量与乳液粘度有关。筛选出最适壁材是阿拉伯胶、鼓甲基纤维素、蛋白粉。微囊鱼油具有良好的稳定性。微囊工艺改善了鱼油的风味。     

Duck plague: clinical aspects, diagnosis, control

A predominantly acute, highly contagious disease of the waterfowl is called duck plague or virus enteritis of ducks. The pathogenic agent is a herpes virus, type A. The clinical course of the disease and its pathological-anatomical findings are described and the possibility of prophylactic immunization is discussed. The results of lab trials demonstrate the effectiveness of a vaccine against the duck plague.     

Comparison of different challenge methods to evaluate the efficacy of furunculosis vaccines in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Four challenge methods, intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intramuscular (i.m.) inoculation, bath and cohabitation exposure, were evaluated as methods for testing the efficacy of furunculosis vaccines in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Groups of fish vaccinated with one of two different vaccines containing aluminium phosphate or animal/vegetable oil as an adjuvant were challenged with Aeromonas salmonicida 6 and 12 weeks after vaccination. Relative per cent survival (RPS) was calculated daily during a 3-week observation period post-challenge. A large variation in protection measured by RPS, both between methods and between different time points for each method, was found. Towards the end of the observation period, RPS tended to be similar in the i.p. and cohabitation challenge groups. A high degree of protection was demonstrated for the oil adjuvanted vaccine. The i.m. challenge produced very low RPS numbers for both vaccines, but this was most marked for the aluminium-phosphate-adjuvanted vaccine. The bath exposure resulted in RPS values intermediate to the cohabitation and injection methods. The study also demonstrated that, after i.p. and i.m. challenges, the initial peak mortality caused by the inoculation was followed by a secondary increase in mortality, probably because of shedding of bacteria into the water during the first mortality phase and hence contributing to a superinfection state.     

中草药对雏鸭病毒性肝炎的防治研究

自制中药“鸭肝灵”散剂防治雏鸭病毒性肝炎试验结果显示:实验室对试验雏鸭攻毒试验中,预防保护率为85%,治疗保护率为80%;临床试验中,预防保护率为83.8%,治疗保护率为80.7%,仅次于鸭病毒性肝炎高免卵黄抗体的防治水平。试验结果表明:用中药散剂“鸭肝灵”防治雏鸭病毒性肝炎具有临床推广应用价值。     

不同高致病性禽流感疫苗对肉鸡免疫效果观察

应用重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株),禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗(rL-H5株),首免用重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)、二免用禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗(rL-H5株)对3组肉鸡进行禽流感的免疫效果观察。结果表明:免疫重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)的效果比免疫禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗(rL-H5株)的效果好;首免用重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)、二免用禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗(rL-H5株)的效果比免疫重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)的效果更好。     

Development of diets for the intensive culture of Pacific lamprey

The Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus is an ancestral species of critical importance to the ecosystem and indigenous cultures in the Pacific Northwest. Conservation aquaculture has been proposed as a potential technique to restore Pacific lamprey populations. Intensive culture methods and diets for this species have not been developed. A sixteen week feeding trial tested the effects of seven diet treatments on the survival, growth, fatty acid profile and whole body lipid content of Pacific lamprey ammocoetes. Dietary treatments were: active dry yeast, yeast plus fish oil emulsion, micro‐algae, micro‐algae plus fish oil emulsion, yeast with micro‐algae, yeast with micro‐algae plus fish oil emulsion and yeast with larval fish diet. Each diet was offered to five replicate tanks stocked with 20 ammocoetes that were 51 days post hatch. Survival during the trial was not affected by diet. The greatest length and weight increases were in fish fed diets containing yeast. Growth decreased as the amount of algae in the diet was increased. Lipid retention was significantly higher in fish fed yeast with larval fish diet relative to the other treatments. Feed conversion ratio was lowest in fish fed diets containing yeast. Whole body fatty acid profiles tended to reflect the fatty acid profile of the diet. Percentages of 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 were significantly higher in fish fed diets containing fish oil emulsion. Overall, yeast with larval fish diet provided the best growth performance in larval Pacific lamprey.     

Development of an emulsion prepared with lipophilized gelatin and its application for hormone administration in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica

A new water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) type emulsion using lipophilized gelatin (LG) and cotton-seed oil was developed for a novel method of hormone administration in fishes. LG was prepared by attaching palmitic anhydride to gelatin. The best conditions for preparing stable emulsions were determined where the final concentrations of LG in the emulsion and the volume ratio of LG solution to cotton-seed oil were 2% and 1:2, respectively. Hormone releasing properties of LG emulsion were compared with a water-in-oil (W/O) type emulsion prepared with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) and saline solution by monitoring plasma profiles of salmon gonadotropin (sGtH) II in the Japanese eel. sGtH II is gradually released from the LG emulsion. LG emulsion had hormone-releasing properties different from those of the saline solution and the FIA emulsion. Immature female Japanese eel (BW, 566 to 1017 g) received a weekly intramuscular injections (total of 10 injections) of the LG emulsion, the FIA emulsion or the saline solution, each of which contained sGtH fraction. The LG emulsion was found to be more effective in inducing ovarian maturation. In mature eel, final maturation and ovulation could be induced by simultaneous administration of sGtH fraction and 17-hydroxyprogesterone using LG W/O/W emulsion.