不同叶色水稻光合特性的比较研究

以叶色不同的1个超绿水稻和4个常规水稻品系为试验材料,对其光合特性进行了比较研究。结果表明：超绿水稻在拔节期的净光合速率显著高于除ZH-1外的其它品系,而成熟期低于叶色正常的ZH-2和ZH-1,与叶色较浅的材料差异不明显。超绿水稻的叶片胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率在各生育期均显著高于其它品系。     

西瓜后绿突变体光合特性分析

【目的】分析西瓜后绿突变体的光合特性,为进一步探究西瓜叶色后绿机制及将叶色标记应用于杂交育种提供理论依据。【方法】以田间发现的西瓜叶色后绿突变体63第三节位（Ⅰ时期）黄化叶片、第九节位（Ⅱ时期）绿色叶片及绿叶品系Liu-2相同节位叶片为材料,测定其光合色素（叶绿素a（Chl a）、叶绿素b（Chl b）、类胡萝卜素（Caro）、总叶绿素（Chl））含量、光合参数（净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）、蒸腾速率（T_r））和荧光动力学参数（初始荧光产量（F₀）、最大荧光产量（F_m）、最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、实际光化学效率（F_v′/F_m′）、实际光化学量子效率（Φ_PSⅡ）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）、电子传递效率（ETR））,并进行比较分析。【结果】与Ⅰ时期相比,在Ⅱ时期,正常绿叶品系Liu-2叶片中的Chl a、Chl b、Caro、Chl及Chl a/Chl b差异不显著,但Caro/Chl显著降低了2.7%;后绿突变体63叶片中的Chl a、Chl b、Caro及Chl表现出极显著差异,较Ⅰ时期分别增加177.7%,251.9%,92.0%和171.1%,而Caro/Chl极显著降低了29.2%。Liu-2的P_n、G_s、T_r分别提高133.1%,41.0%和7.3%,C_i减少16.0%;后绿突变体63的P_n、G_s、T_r分别提高1 213.7%,49.6%和17.3%,C_i减少19.3%。与Ⅰ时期相比,Ⅱ时期Liu-2的F₀减少4.9%,F_m、F_v/F_m、F_v′/F_m′、Φ_PSⅡ、qP、ETR分别增加8.0%,3.0%,33.9%,77.2%,32.2%和77.2%;63的F₀、F_m、F_v/F_m、F_v′/F_m′、Φ_PSⅡ、qP、ETR分别增加78.1%,124.1%,6.6%,25.3%,70.0%,34.5%和68.5%,63转绿后F₀、F_m的增加程度大于Liu-2。【结论】西瓜后绿突变体63-Ⅰ时期光合色素过低,导致幼叶黄化;Ⅱ时期光合色素含量大幅提高,使叶色逐渐由黄转绿。在此过程中其Chl含量提高,光能捕捉能力增强,荧光产量增加,最终光合能力得以恢复。     

2种欧李幼苗光合特性及叶绿素含量的比较

以2种一年生欧李(欧李、毛叶欧李)幼苗为试材,使用Li-6400便携式光合分析仪测定了自然条件下2种欧李的光合生理特性和叶绿素含量。结果表明,2种欧李的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和水分利用效率(WUE)具有明显的"午休"现象,除Tr的最高值出现在12:00左右外,其他指标的最高值分别出现在10:00与16:00左右,低谷则出现在14:00前后;欧李Gs、WUE的日变化趋势与Pn基本一致。欧李Ci的日变化趋势与Pn相反,呈凹峰形曲线。欧李叶绿素含量高于毛叶欧李。     

低温对水稻光合特性的影响

光合作用在农作物生长发育过程中起到至关重要的作用,也是其产量高低的决定性因素,而低温冷害是影响水稻生长发育和产量的严重自然灾害之一,故前人就低温冷害对水稻光合特性影响展开了大量研究。综述了低温冷害对栽培稻和野生稻各生长发育时期包括光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率等光合特性指标的影响。同时从选育抗低温品种、采取合理使用外源物质及改变灌水层高度等有效栽培措施等方面提出了增强水稻抗低温能力的建议,对保证水稻在低温冷害时维持正常产量具有指导意义。     

四种草莓光合特性的研究

运用英国PP-SYSTEM公司制造的CIRAS-1型便携式光合作用测定系统,在大田生长条件下对草莓单叶光合特性进行了研究,结果表明:草莓单叶净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率日变化曲线呈双峰型且同步消长,有明显的光合“午休”现象,品种间光合“午休”出现时间、最大净光合速率和蒸腾速率有明显差异,气孔因素不是草莓光合午休的主要调节因子。光合速率与叶绿素含量有一定的相关性。     

水稻旱秧生理特性的研究——旱育秧苗的光合特性

在盆栽条件下,研究了旱育秧和湿育秧苗的光合性能,结果表明,旱育秧苗群体的光合强度均较高,光饱和点降低,旱秧抗高温和土壤干旱的能力增强,总光合时数增加。通过测定叶面积系数和土壤含水量,提出旱育秧成秧期适宜的叶面积系数为3～5,秧田土壤的田间持水量不低于66%。     

上海地区栽培甜樱桃光合特性研究

[目的]研究上海地区栽培甜樱桃（Prunus avium L.）的光合特性。[方法]对上海地区栽植的拉宾斯、先锋、萨米脱和布鲁克斯4个甜樱桃品种的光合特性进行研究。[结果]布鲁克斯和萨米脱的叶绿素含量高于拉宾斯和先锋,但4个甜樱桃品种叶片中叶绿素含量与光合速率（Pn）不存在正相关关系。拉宾斯和先锋的气孔密度明显大于布鲁克斯和萨米脱,气孔纵径和横径却较相对小。4个甜樱桃品种的饱和光强都在800μmol/（m^2·s）附近,拉宾斯的光饱和光合速率最高,为11.7μmol/（m^2·s）,光合能力最强。布鲁克斯存在一定程度的光抑制现象,与其他品种相比,表现出了一定的阴生植物的倾向,能较充分地利用弱光,而且利用低浓度CO2的能力仅次于拉宾斯,比较适合在光照较差的设施内或者南方地区栽培。[结论]该研究可为上海等长江以南地区甜樱桃的引种和优质高效栽培提供理论支持。     

三个百合品种光合特性研究

为了指导百合反季节栽培,以3个百合品种(多安娜、布朗尼诺和精粹)为研究对象,利用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统测定了寡日多雨地区大棚条件下11月开花期植株不同叶位的叶绿素含量和比值、气孔交换参数、以及中位叶片的光合有效辐射-Pn响应曲线和胞间CO2浓度-Pn响应曲线。结果表明:3个品种不同叶位的Chla+b含量变化趋势不一致,多安娜以下位叶片最高,布朗尼诺以中、下位叶片较高,精粹则以中、上位叶片较高,而Chla/b均以上位叶片高;多安娜和精粹的Pn以中位叶片最高,上位叶片次之,下位叶片最小,布朗尼诺则以上位叶片高于中位叶片,下位叶片最小。Pn变化趋势与气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率和水分利用率变化趋势大体一致,却与饱和蒸汽压亏缺变化相反;3种百合均有较低的光补偿点(2.36~18.92μmol·(m2·s)-1)、暗呼吸速率(0.496~0.651μmol·(m2·s)-1)和表观量子效率(0.0365~0.0419),较高的光饱和点(1 163~1 236μmol·(m2·s)-1)和最大净光合速率(10.11~13.94μmol·(m2·s)-1),对低光照有较强的利用能力和对光强适应幅度较宽。3种百合均具有较低的CO2补偿点(12.19~63.71μmol·(m2·s)-1),较高的CO2饱和点(1 257~1 313μmol·(m2·s)-1)和光合能力(18.74~20.50μmol·(m2·s)-1),具有较高的碳源同化能力。     

钼对棉花养分叶绿素含量及光合生理特性影响

[目的]为棉花钼肥施用技术的开展提供可行依据.[方法]选择中棉49号为试验材料,进行不同施钼浓度(0、0.2;、0.4;、0.6;、0.8;、1;)6个梯度三次重复的水培试验.在棉花苗期、蕾期和初花期3个生育阶段进行光合特性测定,每10 d对棉花株高、叶片数、SPAD值和净光合速率等光合生理指标进行测定,同时采集整株棉花样品测定干重、全量氮磷及钼含量.[结果]施钼肥对棉花氮磷养分吸收呈负相关性,施钼浓度在0.6; ～0.8;时,对棉花生长、叶绿素含量影响较大,光合作用在施钼浓度为0.8;和1.0;时达到了极显著水平.[结论]钼肥对棉花氮磷吸收、叶绿素含量和光合作用有一定的影响.     

大麦种质资源光合色素和光合特性聚类分析

测定了20个大麦种质资源在灌浆阶段的光合色素和光合特性,结果表明:所测的9个性状中,光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度、蒸腾强度、叶绿素b含量及叶绿素a/b这6个性状上差异达到极显著水平,伴随灌浆过程,各光合指标呈明显的下降趋势并且各期间差异显著,其中胞间二氧化碳浓度和蒸腾强度呈现先增后降过程,Chl(a/b)在各阶段差异不显著。采用系统聚类分析方法,以光合速率、叶绿素总量和叶绿素a/b为指标,将20个品种分为3大类,即Ⅰ类高光合高叶绿素高光合活性、Ⅱ类中光合中叶绿素中光合活性、Ⅲ类低光合低叶绿素低光合活性。     

吊兰光合色素与叶绿素生物合成特性的初步研究

[目的]探讨吊兰叶色变异的生理机制。[方法]以银边和银心吊兰为材料,分别对绿叶与色叶部位的光合色素与叶绿素前体物质的含量进行了测定与分析。[结果]与正常绿色叶相比,吊兰色叶部位的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量都比较低,尤其以叶绿素a的减少最为显著;色叶部位的Mg原-卟啉Ⅸ及原脱植基叶绿素a含量显著减少,而其他叶绿素前体物质的积累增加(银边吊兰)或差异较小(银心吊兰)。[结论]叶绿素a的显著减少是导致吊兰色叶形成的直接原因,而叶绿素合成的减少是由于从粪卟啉Ⅲ到Mg原-卟啉Ⅸ转化过程中代谢途径受阻的缘故。     

盾叶薯蓣光合特性初探

在植株的旺盛生长期测定了盾叶薯蓣叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,试验结果表明:从植物的不同叶位来看,叶绿素含量表现为中部叶片含量最高、基部叶片次之,顶部叶片最低的规律;净光合速率日变化进程均呈一条典型的双峰曲线,上下午均有一个峰值,上午的峰值高于下午,在这两个峰值之间形成一个低谷,即薯蓣的光合作用也有"午休"现象.     

水稻花后颖壳和果皮光合特性的研究

[目的]研究水稻颖壳和果皮叶绿素荧光参数的变化规律,探讨水稻颖壳和果皮的光合功能。[方法]以扬稻6号为试验材料,测定了颖果发育过程中颖壳和果皮叶绿素含量、光合速率以及荧光参数的变化情况。[结果]颖壳和果皮也具有叶绿素荧光特性,但它的Fv／Fm值不如正常叶片中Fv/Fm值高;叶绿素荧光各项参数的变化表明,叶绿体的PSⅡ的结构随着颖壳和果皮的发育进程和衰老不断受到损害,使Fv／Fm、qP、ФPSⅡ和NPQ下降;随着颖果发育天数的增加,颖壳和颖果叶绿素含量先上升,然后下降;光合速率的变化趋势与叶绿素含量的变化趋势相一致。[结论]水稻果皮具有光合功能,颖壳和果皮光合能力的强弱与颖果的发育状况相适应,颖壳和果皮的叶绿素含量和光合能力可以作为颖果成熟度的一个指标。     

不同砧木嫁接黄瓜盛瓜期光合特性研究

采用LI- 6400光合测定系统对嫁接苗Y3、Z2和自根苗(接穗)盛瓜期的光合特性进行了研究.结果表明:嫁接苗和自根苗的光合速率日变化均呈双峰曲线,并有明显的光合"午休"现象,黄瓜嫁接苗日均光合速率均高于自根苗.嫁接苗的光饱和点、光饱和光合速率显著高于自根苗,Y3的光补偿点显著低于其他两个处理,反映了Y3利用强、弱光的能力均较强.Z2的CO2饱和点显著高于自根苗,其利用高浓度CO2的能力较自根苗强.嫁接苗的CO2补偿点显著高于自根苗,Y3显著高于Z2.Y3的叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b含量显著高于自根苗;可溶性蛋白含量显著高于Z2,反映了Y3的RuBP羧化酶含量高于Z2.嫁接苗Y3的产量显著高于其两个处理,Z2显著高于自根苗.     

超级稻P88S/0389光合特性初探(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration.     

Preliminary Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Super Hybrid Rice P88S/0389

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration.     

超级稻P88S/0389光合特性初探(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration.     

NaCl胁迫对两种冷季型草坪草光合特性的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了不同浓度NaCl(0 mmol/L,35 mmol/L,70 mmol/L,105 mmol/L,140 mmol/L)处理对高羊茅、草地早熟禾光合特性的影响。结果表明:35 mmol/L NaCl处理对2种草坪草的光合特性无明显影响;大于或等于70 mmol/L的NaCl处理,2种草坪草的叶绿素含量、净光合速度(Pn)、蒸腾速度(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)显著降低,且随NaCl浓度升高,下降幅度增大,但2种草坪草之间的下降幅度有一定差异,高羊茅各指标的下降幅度均小于草地早熟禾。胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的变化,2种草坪草均为低浓度NaCl处理下降低,高浓度NaCl处理下升高。综合叶绿素含量和各项光合指标,高羊茅对NaCl胁迫的耐受能力高于草地早熟禾。