锌对苦瓜叶片内源激素与氮代谢及产量的影响研究

田间试验研究不同Zn肥施用量对苦瓜产量、叶片内源激素与N代谢的影响结果表明 ,土壤缺Zn时施用硫酸锌 30～ 4 5kg/hm2 可显著提高苦瓜产量 ,增幅 16 .2 1%～ 17.16 %。施Zn可提高叶片吲哚乙酸、赤霉素、蛋白质和核酸含量及硝酸还原酶活性 ,降低叶片色氨酸、游离氨基酸和NO3 - N含量及RNase活性。叶片蛋白质与核酸、硝酸还原酶呈极显著正相关 ,而与游离氨基酸、NO3 - N含量和RNase活性呈极显著负相关 ;叶片色氨酸含量与吲哚乙酸和赤霉素含量 ,核酸含量与RNase活性均呈极显著负相关。     

锌对苦瓜叶片碳代谢及相关酶活性的影响研究

田间试验研究不同Zn肥施用量对苦瓜叶片C代谢及相关酶活性的影响结果表明 ,低Zn胁迫时苦瓜上位和下位叶片蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉、Zn含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性和碳酸酐酶活性均显著下降 ,而酸性转化酶活性、中性转化酶活性和淀粉酶活性显著提高 ,且它们之间均呈显著和极显著相关性。     

硅处理对镉锌胁迫下水稻产量及植株生理特性的影响

以郑稻18为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了镉(Cd)、锌(Zn)污染胁迫和硅(Si)处理对水稻产量、不同生育时期植株生理特性的影响,从而揭示硅缓解Cd、Zn胁迫的生理机制。结果表明,水稻植株受到Cd、Zn毒害时,不同生育期植株生物量、产量、叶片叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白质含量均显著下降,而叶片质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖含量和过氧化物(POD)活性显著增加。施硅处理显著提高水稻植株对重金属的抗性,主要反映在植株生物量显著增加,叶片叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白质含量显著上升,而叶片质膜透性、MDA含量、POD活性和可溶性糖含量显著降低,产量显著增加,说明硅缓解植株体内重金属毒害的代谢机制与其对抗氧化酶系统的调控作用及作物抗性的提高有关。     

KClO3诱导东魁杨梅成花的生理效应

研究不同KClO3浓度对6年生东魁杨梅成花过程生理生化的影响,结果表明:喷施KClO3后东魁杨梅叶片细胞受到伤害处于胁迫状态,丙二醛含量和电解质渗漏率显著增加.KClO3浓度低于1 500 mg·L-1时,叶绿素a、叶绿素b以及总叶绿素含量均显著增加,SOD、POD和CAT活性显著提高,导致叶片光合能力显著上升;生理分化期叶片蛋白质含量明显上升,可溶性糖含量降低;而形态分化期蛋白质含量下降,可溶性糖含量显著上升,可溶性糖/蛋白质比值显著增加,从而促进东魁杨梅的花芽分化.KClO3浓度高于1 500 mg·L-1时,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均降低;SOD、POD和CAT活性降低;导致叶片光合能力、可溶性糖含量以及可溶性糖/蛋白质比值显著下降,从而抑制东魁杨梅的花芽分化.结论是喷施1 000～ 1 500 mg·L-1 KClO3可显著提高东魁杨梅的成花率.     

氮对日光温室黄瓜呈味物质、硝酸盐含量及产量的影响

为了探讨氮肥用量与日光温室黄瓜风味品质及产量的关系,采用单因素试验设计,在日光温室条件下研究了氮素水平对新泰密刺黄瓜主要呈味物质和硝酸盐含量及其相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,在0～900.kg/hm2范围内,随着施氮量的增加,黄瓜果实中可溶性糖和Vc含量逐渐降低,有机酸、单宁及硝酸盐含量逐渐增加。黄瓜果实可溶性糖含量与其叶片的蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性、Vc含量与过氧化物酶(APX)活性及硝酸盐含量与硝酸还原酶(NR)活性有较明显的相关性,叶片SPS、APX和NR活性均显著大于果实的。不同氮水平下日光温室黄瓜产量差异较大,N300和N600显著高于N0,而N900则较明显低于N0。在本试验土壤肥力条件下,施氮不宜超过600.kg/hm2。     

黔西南土壤养分与烤烟糖含量的关系

  【目的】  黔西南烤烟还原糖(RS)和总糖(TS)含量过高是影响其品质的两个重要原因。我们研究了该地区土壤养分对烟叶总糖和还原糖的贡献,为通过施肥提高黔西南烟区的烤烟质量提供理论依据。  【方法】  选取黔西南州晴隆、普安、兴仁、兴义、贞丰和安龙6个县(市)烟草种植集中连片区,确定典型烟田,采集土壤样品和对应的烤后烟叶样品,测定土壤大、中、微量养分含量以及烟叶总糖和还原糖含量,并对两者之间的关系进行相关分析、逐步回归分析和通径分析。  【结果】  黔西南州烟叶的总糖和还原糖含量总体偏高;植烟区土壤酸碱性处于中性至弱碱性,土壤有机质、碱解氮、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铁和有效锰含量丰富,速效钾、有效磷、有效铜、有效锌、有效硼和有效钼含量适宜,但存在空间分布不均问题。烟叶总糖和还原糖与土壤养分显著相关,其中,烟叶总糖与土壤速效钾(AK)、有效锌(Zn)和有效硼(B)呈极显著负相关,与土壤有效钼(Mo)呈极显著正相关;烟叶还原糖与土壤速效钾(AK)呈极显著负相关,与土壤有效锌(Zn)和有效硼(B)呈显著负相关,与有效铜(Cu)呈极显著正相关,与有效锰(Mn)呈显著正相关。烟叶总糖和还原糖与土壤养分的回归方程分别为TS=31.69?1.78Zn+17.05Mo+1.09Cu+0.003Mg?0.01AK和RS=25.12?0.01AK+1.39Cu+6.91Mo。土壤速效钾、有效铜、有效锌、有效钼和交换性镁为影响烟叶总糖含量的重要指标,土壤速效钾、有效铜和有效钼是影响烟叶还原糖含量的重要指标。通径分析表明,土壤养分含量对烟叶糖含量既有正面(促进)也有负面(制约)作用。  【结论】  对黔西南州烟叶糖含量贡献较大的土壤养分是速效钾、有效镁、有效铜、有效锌和有效钼。在速效钾和有效锌相对丰富的情况下,土壤速效钾含量和有效锌含量会抑制烤后烟叶总糖、还原糖含量的积累,而有效镁、有效铜和有效钼会增加烤后烟叶的总糖和还原糖含量。     

土壤施用硒矿粉对萝卜苗硒含量及生理生化的影响

为了弄清硒矿粉中硒的生物有效性,设置了土壤施硒矿粉0、3、5、10、20、25、50 g/kg共7个处理,进行了为期2个月的萝卜苗盆栽试验,测定了萝卜苗硒含量、生物量和维生素C(Vc)、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)、光合色素含量以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果表明,土壤硒矿粉的施用量与萝卜苗硒含量呈极显著正相关,但硒矿粉处理下萝卜苗生物量均显著低于对照;施用10 g/kg的硒矿粉使萝卜苗的Vc和可溶性糖含量较对照分别增加了70%和50%,但最高施用量50 g/kg显著降低了Vc和可溶性糖含量;除对照外,萝卜苗CAT活性与硒矿粉施入量呈极显著正相关;施用硒矿粉10和25 g/kg显著降低了萝卜苗的MDA含量;适量施入硒矿粉能增加萝卜苗叶片光合色素含量,以10 g/kg处理最高,最高施硒处理50 g/kg显著降低了光合色素含量;除25 g/kg处理外,其余处理均显著降低了叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值;在土壤施用硒矿粉条件下,萝卜苗叶片的光合色素含量与其可溶性糖含量呈极显著的线性相关。综上,土壤施硒矿粉能增加萝卜苗的硒含量和CAT活性,适量的施用有利于萝卜苗Vc、可溶性糖、光合色素含量的提升和MDA含量的降低,说明硒矿粉能够通过影响萝卜苗的生理生化代谢过程而影响萝卜苗的生长发育,证明硒矿粉中的硒具有生物有效性,但硒矿粉对萝卜苗生物量的影响还有待于进一步研究。研究结果为硒矿粉资源的农业利用提供了科学依据。     

干旱胁迫对紫金牛叶片碳氮代谢的影响

以盆栽紫金牛2年生扦插苗为试验材料,以常规灌水为对照,研究了轻度干旱、中度干旱、重度干旱处理对紫金牛叶片碳氮代谢相关物质含量及酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着处理时间的延长和干旱胁迫程度的加剧,紫金牛叶片中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量逐渐升高,淀粉和叶绿素含量显著降低,胁迫程度越严重,变化幅度越大。轻度干旱胁迫下紫金牛叶片的酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性与对照相比均没有显著变化,而中度和重度干旱胁迫处理的AI、NI、SPS、SS活性显著降低。紫金牛叶片的硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性随着干旱胁迫程度的加重均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,而谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性呈上升的变化趋势。由此可知,紫金牛可通过增加渗透调节物质的含量来增强其耐旱性,具有较强的抗旱能力,轻度和中度干旱条件下紫金牛能够在一定时间范围内有效地抵御严重干旱所造成的胁迫。     

低温对缺钼冬小麦幼苗生长的影响Ⅰ.对糖代谢的影响

对三叶一心的缺钼冬小麦进行 24h低温处理 (- 5℃～ 0℃ )后 ,冬小麦幼苗出现缺钼症状 ,并迅速波及整个植株 ,下部叶片尤为严重。缺钼及低温对幼苗地上部、根干重无明显影响 ;但经低温处理的冬小麦幼苗叶片色素含量下降 ,以叶绿素a +b减少最为明显 ;缺钼植株上部叶片在低温处理到 24h时 ,K+渗漏速率出现最大值 ,下部叶片在 9h时即达到高峰。常温下 ,供钼能提高冬小麦功能叶 (倒二叶 )可溶性总糖、蔗糖含量 ,同时使倒三叶中可溶性总糖、蔗糖含量也保持在较高水平 ;低温条件下 ,供钼植株倒三叶、功能叶可溶性总糖、蔗糖含量明显降低 ,缺钼植株功能叶糖含量下降 ,但倒三叶含量上升     

成型等离子体技术对玉米苗期叶片某些生理特性影响

为了给等离子体处理技术在农业中的推广应用提供理论参考与技术支撑,利用成型的等离子体处理技术处理玉米种子,对苗期叶片生理生化指标变化进行研究。结果表明,等离子体处理对玉米苗期叶片光合能力没有影响;处理提高了玉米苗期叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量,在2叶期、4叶期、6叶期和8叶期均高于CK,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于CK;在2叶期和4叶期,等离子体处理的玉米苗期叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)活性稍低于CK,在6叶期和8叶期,NR活性分别比CK高26.81%和26.75%。等离子体处理提高了玉米氮代谢能力,且随生育进程的推进,这种趋势愈加明显。     

利用gs1.1和gs1.2突变体研究外源蔗糖对高铵胁迫拟南芥碳氮代谢的影响

以拟南芥野生型Col-0、谷氨酰胺合成酶敲除突变体gs1.1和gs1.2为实验材料,采取土培试验,比较正常培养液(4 mmol/L NH4⁺)培养(CK)、正常培养液(4 mmol/L NH4⁺)下外源添加5%蔗糖(T1)、高NH4⁺胁迫(20 mmol/L)(T2)以及高NH4⁺胁迫(20 mmol/L)下外源添加5%蔗糖(T3)对拟南芥各株系各生理指标的影响;通过测定地上部分的鲜重、叶绿素、游离NH4⁺、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、矿质元素含量等指标,研究外源蔗糖对NH4⁺胁迫拟南芥碳氮代谢的影响。结果表明,高NH4⁺胁迫下,拟南芥生长受到严重的抑制,鲜重、GS、GDH酶活性降低,游离NH4⁺含量、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量增加,植株的N、P、K、Ca的含量增加,Mg、Fe的含量减少,其中gs1.1和gs1.2在高NH4⁺处理下受到的抑制比Col-0更为显著。外源添加5%蔗糖显著缓解了高NH4⁺毒害,提高了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,提高了GS和GDH的活性,降低了叶绿素和游离NH4⁺的含量,提高了植株体内的N、P、K、Ca,Mg的含量,降低了植株Fe的含量,其中,外源蔗糖对gs1.1和gs1.2高NH4⁺毒害的缓解更为显著。     

外源蔗糖对高NH4+胁迫下拟南芥碳氮代谢的影响

以拟南芥野生型、amt1.1和amt1.3为实验材料，采取土培的方法，以正常培养液（4mmol/L NH4+）培养，在20mmol/L NH4+的胁迫下，通过在培养液中添加0%（T1）蔗糖、5%（T2）蔗糖，测定地上部分的鲜重，叶绿素，游离NH4+，可溶性糖，可溶性蛋白，谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH），矿质元素含量等指标，研究外源蔗糖对NH4+胁迫拟南芥碳氮代谢的影响。结果表明，T1处理下，拟南芥生长受到严重的抑制，鲜重，GS，GDH酶活性降低，游离NH4+含量，叶绿素含量，可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量增加，植株的N、P、K、Ca的含量增加，Mg、Fe的含量减少。其中col-0在T1处理下受到的抑制比amt1.1和amt1.3更为显著。与T1处理相比较，T2处理增加了拟南芥植株的鲜重，显著提高了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量，提高了GS和GDH的活性；降低了叶绿素和游离NH4+的含量，提高了植株体内的N、P、K、Ca，Mg的含量，降低了植株Fe的含量，其中，外源蔗糖对col-0高NH4+毒害的缓解更为显著。     

锌对大蒜生理生化指标及营养品质的影响

探讨了锌对大蒜生理生化指标及营养品质的影响。结果表明,当锌处理水平为Zn4(0 3gZnSO4·7H2O/15kg土)时,大蒜叶片硝酸还原酶、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性蛋白质含量、光合色素含量及光合参数均达最高。Zn3(0 2gZnSO4·7H2O/15kg土)处理水平极有利于大蒜素和蒜薹中Vc的形成。而当处理水平为Zn2(0 1gZnSO4·7H2O/15kg土)时,鳞茎中游离氨基酸含量高出对照11%,蒜薹中其含量却在Zn3处理水平时比对照增加33%;而锌处理水平为Zn4时,有利于提高鳞茎中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量,分别提高6%和5%;蒜薹中可溶性蛋白质含量要求浓度与游离氨基酸相同。     

Activated antioxidant enzymes-reduced malondialdehyde concentration,and improved mineral uptake-promoted watermelon seedlings growth under boron deficiency

Although boron deficiency (BD) is a drastic disorder to the agriculture crops, its effects on watermelon still unknown. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of BD (0 and 0.5 mg L^?1) on different morphological, physiological and biochemical traits, and mineral uptake during early seedlings stage of watermelon. B-deficiency induced leaf chlorosis in watermelon initiated from the leaf margins and tips. Despite that, BD increased shoot length, and root and shoot dry weight of BD-watermelon seedlings. BD decreased leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and photosynthetic parameters without affecting quantum yield of PSII. BD significantly inhibited total soluble protein accumulation, while leaf proline content was unaffected. A significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities in response to higher hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generation could possibly reduced lipid peroxidation and promoted BD-watermelon plant growth. BD influenced mineral uptake variously: the induction of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn), and the preservation of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and molybdenum (Mo) levels in the leaves could maintain watermelon growth; while, the inhibition of magnesium (Mg) uptake seemed to be responsible for suppressed leaf chlorophyll and photosynthesis. These results would further help in understanding the physiological pathways and mechanisms associated with BD especially in watermelon, and provide database for fertilizer recommendations in B-deficient areas.     

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and zinc uptake of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings grown in low-zinc soil

The effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus intraradices and G. versiforme, on growth and zinc (Zn) uptake were investigated in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings exposed to low-Zn soil. Low-Zn decreased growth, levels of leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein and sugar, and soil enzymatic activities, and pH in 0–2 cm rhizosphere soil. Low-Zn soil also decreased mineral nutrients (including Zn) concentrations in the shoots and roots. Glomus intraradices especially, significantly enhanced plant biomass, leaf soluble protein and sugar concentrations, root viability, acid phosphatase, catalase, invertase and urease activities, and easily extractable glomalin content in 0–2 cm and 2–4 cm rhizosphere soil. It also increased concentrations of Zn, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the shoots and roots, while decreased the soil pH. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, especially G. intraradices, has the potential to improve growth and Zn uptake of triofoliate orange seedlings grown in low-Zn soil.     

Foliar application of zinc alleviates the heat stress of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to examine whether the foliar application of zinc (Zn) could mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on pakchoi plants. Two varieties of pakchoi (Aikangqing and Wuyueman) were foliar applied with ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.40%, 0.60%, and 0.80%), and then subjected to two temperature levels (22°C/16°C, day/night; 40°C/30°C, day/night). Heat stress decreased the net photosynthetic rate (P_n) (50.65% and 62.14% for Aikangqing and Wuyueman, respectively), chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (F_v/F_m), and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) of the leaves. Foliar application of ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0.02%–0.40%) effectively alleviated the heat stress in pakchoi by enhancing shoot Zn concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, chlorophyll content, F_v/F_m, and ΦPSII. P_n increased by 12.61%–46.19% and 45.73%–119.01% in Aikangqing and Wuyueman compared with those without Zn treatments, respectively. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the extreme model showed that Aikangqing and Wuyueman treated with 0.1218%–0.1220% ZnSO₄·7H₂O (approximately 0.004?M Zn²⁺) and 0.2178%–0.2744% ZnSO₄·7H₂O (approximately 0.008?M Zn²⁺) exhibited the most heat resistance, respectively. Furthermore, Zn (0.02%–0.80% ZnSO₄·7H₂O) application had no significant effect on most physicochemical parameters under normal temperature, which only increased shoot Zn and SOD. The results suggest that additional Zn would be required to fully protect plant growth from heat stress. Foliar application enhanced Zn concentration in leaves, thereby maintaining the SOD activity and membrane stability and protecting photosynthesis against heat damage.     

钾对日光温室黄瓜糖、维生素C、硝酸盐及其相关酶活性的影响

以津优1号为试材,设K2O施用量分别为0、300、6009、00、1200.kg/hm2.5个处理,研究了不同施钾水平对黄瓜主要品质和有关酶活性的影响。结果表明,在施K2O.300～900.kg/hm2范围内,随着用量的增加,黄瓜叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量与SPS活性均逐渐升高,而K2O用量达1200.kg/hm2时,二者趋于下降。果实中的可溶性糖含量与叶片和果实SPS活性呈显著正相关;而叶片中糖含量与其SPS活性没有明显的相关性。在K2O用量为300～900kg/hm2时,黄瓜果实的Vc含量高于对照,叶片APX活性降低,而果实中的APX活性提高。黄瓜叶片与果实的硝酸盐含量均随施钾量的增加而逐渐降低,K2O用量在0～900.kg/hm2范围内,黄瓜叶片的NR活性较高,且随着钾肥用量的增加而升高;当K2O用量达到1200.kg/hm2时,NR活性明显下降,果实中的NR活性很低,处理间差异不显著。     

Effect of Burkholderia sp. KCTC 11096BP on some physiochemical attributes of cucumber

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been a focus of research for its potential as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers in the agriculture industry. In current study, the effect of culture suspension (CS) of a novel gibberellins (GAs) producing bacterial strain Burkholderia sp. KCTC 11096BP, was observed on shoot length, shoot fresh and dry biomass, root fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll contents, endogenous bioactive GAs (GA₁ and GA₄) and their immediate precursors, abscisic acid (ABA), soluble sugar contents and crude protein contents of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). We found that growth attributes of cucumber were significantly promoted by the application of CS of Burkholderia sp. KCTC 11096BP. The quantity of GA₁ and GA₄ and their immediate precursors GA₂₀ and GA₉ respectively, were also significantly promoted as compared to their respective controls. Contrary to GAs, the quantity of endogenous free ABA in cucumber leaves was much lower in bacterial CS treated plants. Soluble sugar contents and crude protein contents of cucumber leaves were also significantly higher in bacterial CS treatments as compared to control. It was concluded that Burkholderia sp. KCTC 11096BP can be used as an eco-friendly bio-fertilizer in our farming systems.