马唐与玉米间作对镉的富集效果研究初探

采用盆栽土培试验,研究了马唐与玉米间作对玉米吸收和积累镉的影响。结果表明,无论是单作玉米还是间作玉米,同一镉浓度处理下,玉米各器官的舍镉量均为：根〉茎〉叶〉籽粒;同一器官不同镉浓度处理的镉含量大小顺序为：10mg〉5mg〉0mg。在没有镉胁迫情况下,单作马唐地上部积累的镉略高与间作马唐;当加入外源镉时,间作马唐积累的镉高于单作马唐,且达到显著水平。马唐对镉的积累量随着镉浓度的增加,马唐地上部积累镉的量也在相应增加。玉米与马唐间作系统,促进了玉米根部对镉的吸收,而籽粒中镉的含量反而有所降低。研究初步表明,玉米与马唐间作之后,能够相互促进对镉的吸收.     

不同大豆玉米品种及不同间作模式对群体结构和产量的影响

为响应国家扩种大豆油料的号召,解决大豆和玉米争地矛盾,本试验开展新疆大豆玉米带状间作模式和品种的筛选,选取5个大豆品种和7个玉米品种,设置2种不同的间作模式（模式1：大豆：玉米=8行：4行;模式2：大豆：玉米=6行：4行）,以各作物单作为对照。得出以下结论：（1）大豆品种新大豆25号和NK0906-19,玉米品种垦玉4606和新玉77在两种模式下产量相对较高且差异较小,是适宜间作种植的大豆和玉米品种;（2）间作系统内玉米占群体产量的主导地位,适宜的带宽有利于玉米边际效应的发挥,提高间作系统的土地产出;（3）各作物产量较各自单作均有所降低,但大豆玉米间作系统的土地收益与单作大豆相比增加了1.5～1.8倍,而且模式2的收益较高。综上,筛选出适宜新疆间作种植的大豆品种为新大豆25号和NK0906-19,玉米品种为垦玉4606和新玉77号,间作模式选择6行大豆4行玉米模式。研究可为新疆大豆玉米带状间作后续的研究和技术推广提供一定参考。     

玉米一大豆带状间作下玉米品种产量和主要农艺性状比较分析

利用适宜株型玉米和矮秆大豆进行玉米一大豆带状间作有利于农业的可持续发展。探索玉米不减产或减产5%以内,且额外增收大豆1000kg/hm²的间作组合,选择适合间作的玉米品种是构建优异玉米一大豆间作复合群体技术的核心之一。对2:2玉米一大豆带状间作的玉米产量和农艺性状进行初探,初步了解了间作模式对玉米产量和农艺性状的影响规律,初步筛选出适宜本地区间作的玉米品种,为本地区示范、推广该模式提供理论依据。     

龙眼种质资源的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对龙眼的95份种质资源和一份荔枝种质资源进行研究。从200条随机引物中筛选出18条多态性引物,共扩增出197条带,DNA扩增带的多态性为100%,这表明96份材料的遗传多样性和遗传资源的丰富性。利用SPSS13.0统计软件对RAPD表型数据矩阵进行分析。根据欧氏距离（ED）法计算各样品间的遗传距离,采用UPGMA（类平均法）,进行分析,建立亲缘关系聚类树状图。结果表明,RAPD标记能在分子水平揭示龙眼的遗传背景与亲缘关系     

草菇栽培菌株DNA多态性的PCR-RFLP和RAPD分析

12个草菇栽培菌株的核糖体DNA（rDNA）、线粒体DNA（mtDNA）和基因组总DNA的多态性被研究了。应用PCR－RFLP技术,扩增了rDNA5.8s+ ITS区段及mtDNA小区段,并进行限制性酶切分析,结果表明菌株间的rDNA在5.8s+ ITS区段的遗传差异小,据此只能将测试的12个菌株分为两类;而对mtDNA小区段的检测未能显示出菌株间的差异,表明测试的菌株在所研究的区段具有很高的遗传相似性。在此基础上,对基因组总DNA的RAPD分析表明,菌株两两间的遗传相似系数在0.554到0.898之间,而平均相似系数为0.707。通过平均链锁聚类方式(UPGMA)聚类,发现在相似系数0.710水平上,供试菌株可分为四大类。这些研究结果为草菇的育种提供了科学依据。     

玉米-大豆带状间作下玉米品种产量和主要农艺性状比较分析

利用适宜株型玉米和矮秆大豆进行玉米-大豆带状间作有利于农业的可持续发展。探索玉米不减产或减产5%以内,且额外增收大豆1 000kg/hm2的间作组合,选择适合间作的玉米品种是构建优异玉米-大豆间作复合群体技术的核心之一。对2∶2玉米-大豆带状间作的玉米产量和农艺性状进行初探,初步了解了间作模式对玉米产量和农艺性状的影响规律,初步筛选出适宜本地区间作的玉米品种,为本地区示范、推广该模式提供理论依据。     

不同浓度NaCl对两个玉米品种Na+、K+、Ca2+含量的影响

比较不同耐盐性品种在NaCl胁迫下的离子含量的差异,为耐盐玉米的筛选提供理论依据。玉米耐盐品种‘郑单958’和盐敏感品种‘齐单1号’在含0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0% NaCl的砂子中生长,分别测定根、茎和叶片中Na+、K+、Ca2+含量。NaCl胁迫下,Na+、K+、Ca2+含量在两个玉米品种间、NaCl浓度间差异均达到极显著水平。NaCl胁迫下,两个玉米品种根茎叶中Na+含量均增加,根中Na+含量增加的幅度大于茎和叶,‘郑单958’根中的Na+含量高于‘齐单1号’;K+、Ca2+含量随NaCl浓度的升高而降低。高盐胁迫下,‘郑单958’根中K+含量降低的幅度大于‘齐单1号’,而茎中K+含量降低的幅度小于‘齐单1号’;‘郑单958’茎和叶片中Ca2+含量降低的幅度小于‘齐单1号’。两个玉米品种在离子含量间表现出的差异非常明显,Na+、K+、Ca2+含量可以作为玉米耐盐性鉴定和筛选指标。     

我国39个茶树品种的RAPD分析

在前人研究的基础上,本研究结合茶树特点,进行综合设计,探索出一套操作简便、快速、准确的高质量茶树DNA提取和纯化技术。从100条RAPD随机引物中筛选出20条具有多态性的引物,对这39份材料进行RAPD分析,扩增共产生196条RAPD标记带,其中多态性带171条,多态性百分率为87．2％。依据RAPD分析结果,通过UPGMA类平均法聚类法,对供试的39个茶树品种进行聚类分析,绘制出基因组DNA之间的遗传关系树状图,结果表明：它们之间的遗传相似系数在0．17-42．97之间。揭示了不同省（区）地方性的茶树品种之间遗传多样性、遗传相似性与亲缘关系,通过分析证实了这些品种间存在着亲缘关系,进一步明晰了彼此之间的遗传距离。     

利用RAPD和SSR分析36个贵州主要玉米种质的比较研究

利用RAPD和SSR两种标记方法研究了36个玉米自交系的遗传多样性,并对这两种分子标记系统进行了比较.利用筛选出的22条RAPD引物,检测到了148条有多态性的带;利用筛选出的34对SSR引物,检测到158个等位基因.RAPD和SSR分子标记均有很高的多态性,RAPD多态性带比例为95.95%,SSR位点检测出的平均等位基因数位4.65.RAPD分子标记结果将36个玉米自交系划分为6大类,SSR分子标记将其划分为5大类.与系谱分析基本一致,两种分子标记划分的结果也相似.研究认为,RAPD、SSR两种分子标记系统均适合于玉米种质的遗传多样性研究,但SSR更可取.     

PCR-RFLP用于5种斑潜蝇的诊断和鉴别

在5种斑潜蝇CO Ⅱ基因序列变异分析的基础上,建立了PCR-RFLP分子标记对该5种斑潜蝇种类的检测鉴定方法,寻找出能够检测出检疫性害虫三叶斑潜蝇及美洲斑潜蝇、南美斑潜蝇的特征酶:XbaⅠ对三叶斑潜蝇和番茄斑潜蝇均有一个酶切位点,但位于不同的酶切位点;EcoR Ⅰ只对美洲斑潜蝇有一个酶切位点;PVUⅡ只对南美斑潜蝇有一个酶切位点.     

Identification of self-incompatibility alleles (S) by PCR-RFLP in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

From 16 inbred lines of cultivated radishes (Raphanus sativus L.), 6 S-alleles tentatively named S²⁰¹ to S²⁰⁶ were identified, and their dominance relationships were examined. Among the S-alleles, S²⁰¹, S²⁰², S²⁰³ and S²⁰⁴ were found to be co-dominant. These 4 S-alleles showed dominance with S²⁰⁵ in pollen and with S²⁰⁶ in both pollen and stigma, while S²⁰⁵ and S²⁰⁶ were co-dominant. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the radish inbred lines randomly selected from the 6 S-allele groups. The primers were based on the highly conserved sequences of the S-locus specific glycoprotein (SLG) genes in Brassica oleracea. As a result of the PCR, a single DNA fragment of about 1.16kb was amplified as expected from the original sequence of B.oleracea. The S-allele specific pattern in the restriction fragments of the PCR products (PCR-RFLP) was confirmed for the first group of S-alleles (S²⁰¹, S²⁰², S²⁰³ and S²⁰⁴). However, for the second group of the S-alleles (S²⁰⁵ and S²⁰⁶), no PCR products were obtained. The usefulness of the PCR-RFLP in a radish breeding program is described. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

RAPD Molecular Markers and Its Applications in Life Science

A DNA polymorphison assay, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), was developed in 1990 based on amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of random DNA segments and single primers of arbitrary uncleotide sequnce. The major advantage of this assay, contrasting with the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), is that there is no requirement for any specific sequence information on the target genome, as well as rapidity and simplicity.It has been widespread applied in life science researches such as the creation of high density genetic mapping, molecular phylogenetic study and gene location.     

Genetic diversity and identification of cymbidium cultivars as measured by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

DNA from thirty-six cymbidium cultivars was examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the efficiency of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in identifying cultivars and determining levels of genetic variability. A total of 132 RAPD markers, 78% of which were polymorphic, were produced from 15 10mer arbitrary primers. All the cultivars were distinguishable when a number of primers was considered. One cultivar, Blue Smoke ‘Green Meadow’ could be distinguished from all the rest based only on lack of the OPA5-370 fragment. Genetic distances among the cultivars were estimated based on the amount of band sharing and ranged from 0.08–0.50 with an average of 0.29. Cluster analysis of genetic distance estimates grouped siblings together with each other and parents with offsprings, thereby agreeing with known parentage information and corroborating isozyme data obtained from a separate study. The possible application of the observed polymorphism and variation to cymbidium breeding is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

“薄皮”ד垂枝”板栗RAPD遗传连锁图构建

使用20组共400条RAPD随机引物,在"薄皮"和"垂枝"两个板栗亲本无性系及其5个杂交后代进行筛选,共有187条引物获得了清晰、重复性好的多态性条带,占供试引物的46.75%.应用筛选出的多态性引物在两亲本及其60个杂交后代中进行扩增,获得的多态性条带在后代中的分离比用卡方测验(α=0.05)分析,结果共有143个标记符合1:1测交分离比,其中来源于母本"薄皮"板栗的有88个,来源于父本"垂枝"的有55个.采用作图软件Mapmaker和回交群体模型分别对符合测交分离比的标记进行亲本特异的标记分群和连锁分析,设定LOD值为3和最大重组值0为0.50作为可信统计度与最大连锁标记数量之间的最佳组合,其中母本的标记定位了10个连锁组,父本的标记定位了7个连锁组.母本"薄皮'板栗遗传连锁图共包含88个标记,覆盖了板栗基因组总长约823.1 cM(Kosambi,以下同),占基因组的66.7%;父本"垂枝"板栗遗传连锁图共包含55个标记,覆盖了板栗基因组总长约720.8 cM,占基因组的41.7%.母本"薄皮"板栗遗传连锁图上标记间的遗传距离为1.6～26.5 cM,平均9.4 cM,连锁组的大小从15.5 cM到166.3 cM,平均为82.3 cM;父本"垂枝"板栗遗传连锁图上标记间的遗传距离为2.1～39.9 cM,平均13.1 cM,连锁组的大小从53.5 cM到139.6 cM,平均为103.0 cM.     

FSHR基因的PCR-RFLP对牛双胎性状的标记分析

FSHR基因5’端（包括侧翼序列和第一外显子）的限制性内切酶TaqⅠ的PCR-RFLP标记研究发现，在秦川牛中双胎母牛的A基因频率（0.5500）和AA基因型频率（0.5000）分别高于单胎母牛的A基因频率（0.3500）和AA基因型频率（0.3000）；在黑白花奶牛中双胎母牛的B基因频率（0.5937）和BB基因型频率（0.6875）均高于单胎母牛的B基因频率（0.5416）和BB基因型频率（0.4167），也就是FSHR基因的5’端的PCR-RFLP标记在一个品种内单胎母牛和双胎母牛之间有一定趋势，但两个品种的趋势不同。     

利用RAPD分子标记分析玉米种质遗传多样性

以RAPD分子标记技术对玉米的10个品种的全基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,再用Popgene32软件和SPSS 13.0软件分析扩增结果,研究10个玉米的种质资源遗传关系。结果表明：（1）所选20个引物可扩增出214条RAPD条带;（2）所选引物扩增条带的多态性比率为86.4%,RAPD分子标记扩增10个玉米品种间的相似性系数分别在0.316-0.654之间;（3）用RAPD-PCR扩增条带的分析结果建立了遗传相关系数矩阵、构建了分子树状图、可将10个玉米品种分为3个类群;（4）RAPD分子标记适合于构建玉米的DNA指纹图谱,进行品种鉴定和遗传分析。     

Assessment of cytoplasmic polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial orfB region in wild and cultivated radishes (Raphanus)

In order to determine the genetic relationship between wild and cultivated radish species, and those among the cultivated species, structural and sequence variations in the mitochondrial orfB gene region were studied in one cultivated and two wild species of Raphanus. Using PCR amplification patterns and RFLP of a PCR product of the region, 232 wild and 420 cultivated radish plants were classified into one of three types of orfB variation. The wild radish (especially the Japanese one) showed large polymorphism in each population with eight of 13 Japanese populations studied containing all three types, whereas cultivars were generally monomorphic. Although type 1 having Ogura male sterile cytoplasm was present with the highest frequency in Japanese wild radish, most cultivars were divided into type 2 or 3 with normal cytoplasm. Type 2 was widely distributed in European, Chinese and major Japanese varieties, while some Chinese varieties and several Japanese local radishes had type 3 cytoplasm. The comparison provides valuable information about the origin and differentiation of cultivated radishes and the relationship between cultivated and wild radishes.     

Strawberry-cultivar Identification using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers

Accurate and rapid cultivar identification is important for breeders'-rights protection, especially for vegetatively propagated plants. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of developing cultivar-specific RAPD markers in commercial strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Dutch). Efforts were focused on distinguishing between two newly developed Volcani cultivars, ‘Ofra’ and ‘Dorit’, and six other cultivars, ‘Douglas’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Oso Grande’, ‘Dover’, ‘Nurit’ and ‘Parker’. Reproducible RAPD fingerprints were generated, each containing at least one polymorphic DNA product. A combination of 10 polymorphic DNA products exhibited cultivar-specific patterns enabling the distinction between closely related varieties, such as ‘Ofra’ (which is the progeny of ‘Dorit’ and ‘Parker’) and ‘Dorit’ (which is the progeny of ‘Nurit’ and ‘Dover’). This study shows that RAPD markers can help in the protection of breeders’ rights to strawberry cultivars.