A Key Technology in Automatic Fingerprint Identification System:Directional Image

Because fingerprint directional image represents the basic structural feature really and abstractly, It has very important research value in automatic fingerprint identification system. Now it has been widely used to solve the problem of image enhancement, global feature extraction, automatic classification, template matching and image encoding. Especially the Gabor filter based on directional image gets a marvelous effect, which can filter the noises along ridges. Combining the author's research work, several newly developed methods to get directional image are introduced. The performance of real-time and robust to noise of these methods are assessed,and the mending methods are presented also. In the end, the typical applications are systematically overviewed and the direction for further study is provided.     

影响DNA指纹技术进行玉米亲子鉴定准确性的主要因素研究

利用DNA指纹技术,分别采用不同数量的SSR引物,对14个同母异父杂交组合及其父本进行亲子鉴定,研究影响玉米亲子鉴定结果准确性的主要因素,结果表明:(1)与母本具有共同血缘的自交系作为父本将影响亲子鉴定的准确性;(2)采用引物数量不同,检测的DNA片段数量不同,也影响鉴定结果的准确性,采用引物数量越多,检测的DNA片段数量越多,鉴定结果越准确.     

Mouse with Capablility of Fingerprint Identifying

The mouse is developed with the purpose of providing reinforcement of database security for computer users, whose validity can be verified by taking advantage of the fingerprint identity, which is the uniqueness, immutability biological characteristic of human body. By one-by-one matching algorithm, rendering between pressured data and field acquisitions of finger print image, the vital heart of dactylogram verification with the mouse is realized. The mouse has been made possible by taking account of the roomy space within mouse,tiny chip patch for fingerprint identification and together with small size of available microprocessors. The mouse can be used as an normal pointing device while maintaining the capability of user identity distinguishing. The usage of this device is very easy and it is reliable. Development of this device mainly comprises of the hardware development, driver development, application software development, and the installation of network security verification center. The purpose, principle and system design of the mouse is introduced, while characteristics and applications of the device are also presented.     

甜菜品种SSR指纹图谱的构建及遗传多样性分析

筛选出20对多态性高、带型清晰、重复性好的SSR标记引物对供试甜菜品种进行PCR扩增,根据扩增产物构建SSR指纹图谱,并分析其遗传多样性。结果显示,共检测出112个等位基因,平均每对引物5.6个,利用获得的等位基因计算遗传距离,107个品种的遗传距离变化范围在0.065~0.467之间,平均遗传距离0.298。Shannon’s多样性指数变异范围0.78~2.90;PIC值介于0.08~0.83;Nei’s指数介于0.39~1.87。利用类平均法（UPGMA）进行聚类分析,可将107个甜菜品种分为2个类群。类群Ⅰ29个品种,类群Ⅱ78个品种。类群Ⅰ和Ⅱ又可分为多个亚群。结果表明,每个甜菜品种有区别于其他品种唯一的数字指纹,说明用于试验的20对SSR标记适用于甜菜品种真实性的鉴定,同时甜菜品种指纹图谱库的构建也为甜菜品种鉴定提供技术基础。     

分子标记技术在棉花品种鉴定上的研究进展

 DNA指纹技术的发展大体分为三个阶段：第一代的分子标记是以Southern杂交为基础的RFLP,第二代分子标记是以PCR为基础的各种DNA指纹标记,第三代分子标记是以单核苷酸多态性为基础的SNP。本文概述了品种鉴定技术的研究与应用进展,重点介绍了用于棉花品种鉴定的四种主要的分子标记技术：RFLP、RAPD、AFLP和SSR,对每一种分子标记的技术原理、在棉花品种鉴定上的应用研究状况及存在的优缺点进行了具体阐述。通过比较分析,提出了SSR标记适用于棉花品种鉴定的独特优越性。并对基于SSR分子标记技术构建我国棉花品种DNA指纹库的重要意义与必要性进行了分析。     

适合于甜菜品种鉴定的ISSR核心引物的筛选

探寻适合甜菜品种鉴定的ISSR引物,用以构建甜菜品种的指纹图谱。利用一个品种对全部100条ISSR引物进行退火梯度实验,然后利用16个进口甜菜品种在每个引物的最佳退火温度下对全部引物进行扩增,筛选适合甜菜品种纯度鉴定的ISSR引物。结果从100条ISSR引物中筛选出多态性高、扩增条带清晰、重复性好的引物16条,这16条ISSR引物总共扩增100条多态性条带,引物的PIC值均大于0.6,从理论上讲,这些核心引物完全可以实现对现有甜菜品种的鉴定。     

玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系的生化指纹鉴定

本试验以浙单9号等五个玉米杂交组合及其亲本自交系为材料,进行种子盐溶蛋白聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳等多种电泳鉴定方法的研究,以揭示玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系的“生化指纹”(biochenucal fingerprint),以及筛选出适合于玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系真实性和纯度鉴定的方法。结果表明,各供试玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系都具有相应的、唯一的种子盐溶蛋白聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳所显现的生化指纹。对于有些组合。玉米芽鞘和叶片绿色组织过氧化物酶同工酶电泳图谱存在阴极第4、第5酶带差异,因这两条酶带的差异稳定,并且重现性好,故能用过氧化物酶同工酶技术对其进行有效地鉴定。上述两种方法,尤其是前者,因技术要求不高,费用低,快速及重现性好等特点,能满足我国目前种子检验室日常玉米品种纯度快速测定工作的要求,具育良好的应用前景。     

Fingerprint Identification Using Point Pattern Matching

Fingerprint is those lines distributing on the finger surface. It's unique and stable. It has been hundreds years to use fingerprint to identity. AFIS (Auto Fingerprint Identification System) has been widely used. Besides traditional criminal, AFIS has been used to validate user in OS and web access, and embedded AFIS also has been used in ATM, credit card and door-lock. Fingerprint matching is one of the most important problems in AFIS. In general, the minutiae such as ridge endings and ridge bifurcation is to be used to represent a fingerprint and the fingerprint matching through minutiae matching. Based on this observation and by representing the minutiae as a point pattern, an automatic fingerprint verification problem may be reduced to a point pattern matching (minutia matching) problem. Point pattern matching is a famous problem in the field of pattern recognition. For a good point pattern matching approach, it is able to perform the geometrical invariant quantities (translation, rotation, and scaling) efficiently. Various algorithms have been proposed for point pattern matching. For example, the relaxation approach handles translational difference only and the complexity of triangles approach is very high. In this paper, an algorithm for fingerprint identification using point pattern matching based on cluster approach is proposed, which effectively solves the problems of optimal matching between two fingerprint minutiae images under geometrical transformation and minutiae quantity change. Process which bases on the matching of vector pairs is developed to determine the registration parameters. The experimental results show that the proposed matching algorithm is fast and has high accuracy.     

枇杷ISSR分子标记的研究进展

枇杷传统标记方法具信息量少、取材部位有限、无法进行早期鉴定、人为因素影响鉴定结果等局限。ISSR技术以其丰富的多态性、较低的实验成本、相对简单的操作、较高的稳定性以及呈共显性等优点,日益受到研究者的青睐。笔者总结了ISSR技术的原理及优缺点,归纳了ISSR技术在枇杷种质鉴定、遗传变异分析,枇杷分类研究,枇杷指纹图谱构建等方面的进展。发现ISSR技术目前在枇杷上的应用较少,研究深度不够。笔者认为今后可通过提高ISSR技术的准确性,延伸ISSR在枇杷上的研究深度和广度,加强ISSR的联合应用,促进研究团队间的合作交流等方面,使ISSR成为枇杷育种研究中不可或缺的分子标记技术。     

Dynamic Identification System and Application

Novel and secure dynamic identification system comprises electrical tokens, a secure identification server, a management workstation and application Programming Interface. Dynamic password is generated with synchronous and asynchronous identification algorithms. Since there is no correlation between passwords, they cannot be predicted, traced, intercepted or decoded. Thus the reliability of identification is enhanced. This paper first introduces principles of synchronous and asynchronous identification based on time and events, and then gives a through analysis of security in dynamic identification techniques. A brief introduction is given about identification issues in current stock industry. With event-based synchronous identification as an example, we give a detailed introduction of dynamic identification techniques with the application in stock exchange and integration of identification system and client system.     

模式识别的斜拉桥损伤诊断动力指纹与识别算法

为有效并准确诊断出斜拉桥损伤,对基于模式识别的斜拉桥损伤诊断方法进行了研究。选取易于测试出的低阶模态频率和部分关键点竖向振型数据为动力指纹,无需模态扩展或模型缩聚。研究并采用全因子设计进行动力指纹库的创建,可精确评估设定的损伤因子及其交互作用对损伤识别结果的影响。设计并增加了带随机误差的动力指纹库样本集。编制了基于Matlab的模式识别的多种算法,重点研究了精确度高的多层感知器识别算法及其提高该算法预测准确率的装袋集成算法。最后给出一座单塔双跨双索面斜拉桥的多种识别算法的损伤诊断过程和结果,得到一种可包容测试随机误差的高精确度斜拉桥损伤诊断评估模型。     

Investigation on ARM9-based Embedded Fingerprint Identification System

This paper introduces an implementation method of Embedded Automatic Fingerprint Identification Systerm(AFIS), dealing mainly with hardware components and software modules based on ARM9. Hardware system consists of ARM9 series S3C2500, FPS200 sensor, memories, power supply ,communication interface, etc. System initiation, fingerprint sampling procedure and communication program are main modules making up of system software.The conflict of time-sequence between S3C2500 and sensor FPS200-one of the key links of the system, has been solved successfully. The system has integrated functionalities,such as fast sampling, communicating with upper and lower computers, establishing a complete and reliable platform for fingerprint image processing and identification.     

亲子鉴定技术在玉米杂交组合组配中的应用研究

玉米杂交组合组配鉴定工作是玉米育种工作中十分重要的技术环节,需要消耗大量的人力、物力和财力,如何使玉米育种工作者从繁重的杂交组合组配、鉴定工作中解放出来,集中精力进行玉米自交系的选育,提高玉米育种效率值得研究。本试验以BA为母本,以H28、昌7-2、9502、P138、齐319、吉853、京2101、京343、京832为父本组配了9对同母异父玉米杂交组合,利用DNA指纹技术,将亲子鉴定技术应用到玉米杂交组合组配和鉴定工作之中。结果表明,将亲子鉴定技术应用到玉米杂交组合组配和鉴定之中,省时省力、结果准确可靠,是完全可行的。     

适于甜菜品种鉴定的SSR核心引物的筛选

为了筛选出适合于甜菜杂交种鉴定的核心引物,以16个在中国种植面积较大的进口甜菜品种为材料,对已公布的130对甜菜SSR引物以及70对甜菜EST-SSR引物进行筛选。结果从200对甜菜SSR引物中筛选出了24对扩增条带清晰、重复性好且多态性高的核心引物。这24对引物中有22对引物的PIC值大于0.5,其中7对引物的PIC值均大于0.8,可以作为甜菜品种鉴定的首选核心引物。利用筛选出的核心引物对16个甜菜品种进行聚类分析,结果16个品种分为3类,基本上是同一公司的品种聚在了一起。甜菜SSR核心引物的筛选将大大加速甜菜品种纯度和真实性鉴定的速度,也将更快的促进甜菜分子生物学其他领域的发展。     

一种简便的南瓜杂交种纯度SSR鉴定方法

针对目前南瓜杂交种纯度SSR鉴定方法操作繁琐,难以用于生产实践的问题,笔者介绍了一种简便的南瓜杂交种纯度SSR检测方法。该方法的基因组提取过程不需研磨、冷冻、离心、晾干等操作步骤,检测周期小于3 min,PCR反应体系与聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的银染步骤,比常规方法更节约时间和成本,整个检测周期小于4 h,每人每天可完成480个样品的检测,且结果与田间鉴定结果吻合率达到99%。该方法可为南瓜杂交种的大规模快速纯度鉴定提供依据。     

基于cpSSR标记的甘薯品种亲缘关系及遗传多样性分析

在甘薯遗传多样性研究中,目前主要采用细胞核基因组的遗传信息。而放任授粉(集团杂交)是甘薯育种的重要手段,但基于叶绿体微卫星(chloroplast simple sequence repeat,cpSSR)标记技术的甘薯的遗传多样性分析和指纹图谱构建的研究报道较少。本研究基于cpSSR标记技术,对16份甘薯品种进行分子鉴别,并建立相对应的指纹图谱。利用在19对cpSSR引物中筛选出的11对特异性引物进行cpSSR扩增,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,结果显示,共扩增出43个条带,其中多态性条带33条,平均每对引物扩增出3个多态性条带,多态性百分率为76.74%。16份甘薯品种的遗传距离变异范围为0.0912-0.5067,平均遗传距离是0.2301。聚类分析表明,cpSSR标记能大致反映出不同品种之间的亲缘关系。该指纹图谱的建立,可为中国甘薯品种数据库的完善、近缘甘薯品种的鉴定、育种亲本的选择和品种保护提供参考依据。     

中国棉花主栽品种DNA指纹数据库初步构建研究

 基于多重PCR（Polymerase chain reaction）与毛细管五色荧光检测系统,利用36对核心引物构建了138份棉花主栽品种DNA指纹数据库,采用棉花DNA指纹数据库软件管理系统进行数据统计与分析。36对引物在138份材料中共扩增出143个多态性等位位点,每对引物的等位位点数为2～8个,平均每对引物扩增出3.97个多态性等位位点。抽查的101个主栽品种仅45.6%的位点完全纯合,中棉所系列品种61.6%的位点完全纯合。存在5种非纯合位点表现形式,以2种基因型混杂所占比例最大,其中以5∶1的混杂类型最多。4种类型的同名品种指纹比对分析表明,品种内的遗传变异度均在0～2个差异位点。初步建立了高通量的棉花DNA指纹检测与数据分析平台,提出了不同品种间的差异判别标准。     

甘蔗品种的AFLP和SSR标记鉴定及其应用

品种遗传多样性和指纹图谱是育种、品种权保护和新品种推广等工作的重要参考和依据。本研究选用38个来自国家甘蔗品种区域试验的甘蔗新品种(系), 以9对AFLP标记扩增出348个位点, 多态性位点248个, 多态性比率为72.26%; 15对SSR标记扩增出180个位点, 多态性位点176个, 多态性比率为97.78%。38个新品种(系)的遗传相似系数分布在0.668~0.847之间, 其箱线图分布特征显示, 其中的FN、MT、YZ、YG、GT等系列品种(系)遗传基础相似。通过UPGMA聚类表明, 可在遗传相似系数为0.732处将38个甘蔗新品种(系)划分为2个群体, 其中福农09-2201和桂糖06-1492作为一个子群体最先被划分出来, 它们在群体中的异质性较强; 另外, 在遗传相似性系数为0.770处划分出一个子群体a, 其中包含参照品种ROC22、福农07-3206、福农40、海蔗22、桂糖09-12、柳城07-150等品种(系)。ROC22具有广适应性和高产高糖等优良特性, 子群体a中的另外几个品种(系)则更有可能拥有这些特性, 具有更高的推广潜力。本研究选择60个SSR位点构建了38个甘蔗新品种(系)的指纹图谱, 对品种鉴定及品种权的保护具有重要作用, 可望直接应用于指导甘蔗种质资源的遗传多样性评价和分子指纹图谱鉴定, 并将为这些品种(系)推广布局或作为杂交亲本利用提供参考和借鉴。     

基于FTIR的银杏木材鉴别研究

本文以毛白杨、侧柏为对照,采用红外光谱技术研究了银杏木材的红外指纹图谱,采用共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列法对6个银杏无性系红外指纹图谱进行了分析鉴别,结果表明：毛白杨、侧柏与银杏3树种木材的红外指纹图谱明显不同,银杏木材的红外指纹图谱兼有阔叶和针叶树的特征,相对更接近于针叶树;6个银杏无性系木材的红外指纹图谱差别明显,能够用共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列法鉴别银杏不同无性系木材。     

利用SSR快速鉴定棉花品种真实性和纯度

利用SSR分子标记技术对棉花品种真实性和纯度进行分析研究,旨在为棉花品种提供分子鉴定依据。以具有代表性的棉花品种为材料,经过引物初筛和复筛,确定26对均匀分布于棉花染色体上的SSR核心标记。结果表明,26对核心标记在120份材料中筛选得到138个等位位点,其中129个为多态性位点,多态性比率达93.48%。以标准样品为对照,利用26对核心标记对10份棉花常规种进行真实性鉴定,发现仅有源棉6号与标准品种的DNA图谱高度一致,其他9份常规种与标准品种均存在8~18个差异位点,分子鉴定结果与田间鉴定相符。另外分别筛选5对特征引物作为纯度检测标记,采用单位点平均法统计4份常规棉品种检测结果表明,源棉6号纯度最高,为98.0%,源棉1号最低,为90.5%,检测结果与田间纯度鉴定呈现正相关性。研究表明利用SSR标记技术鉴定棉花品种真实性和纯度的方法完全可行。