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柳叶蜡梅(Chimonanthus salicifolius S.Y.Hu.)系蜡梅科蜡梅属半常绿灌木,树高约2~3 m,聚合瘦果着生于壶状果托内.花期9~12月,果实翌年5~7月间成熟,常宿存枝上;生长于山坡、旷野、溪沟边、次生林间及阔叶林边缘.在中国四大道教圣地之一齐云山(安徽省黄山市休宁县境内)和江西省婺源县,柳叶蜡梅被称作"香风茶"、"香风草"或"山蜡梅",是休宁山区一大特产,目前已开展人工栽培.现将柳叶蜡梅的种子处理及播种育苗方法介绍如下. 相似文献
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《林业科学》2016,(12)
【目的】比较蜡梅属5种植物花中挥发性成分组成的差异,探讨5种植物之间的亲缘关系和系统分类意义,为蜡梅属植物的资源利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)方法处理样品,并优化前处理条件,结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术测定蜡梅属5种植物干花中的挥发性成分,比较5种植物花中的成分差异,并应用SIMCA-P+11.0软件进行主成分分析,通过得分图直观地表达蜡梅属5种植物间的相互关系。【结果】通过优化样品处理得出HS-SPME最佳的萃取条件为:样品用量1.2 g,加热温度70℃,吸附时间45 min,解吸时间3 min。通过GC-MS测定并定性分析,从蜡梅属5种植物干花中共鉴定46种挥发性物质,其中蜡梅37种、突托蜡梅41种、山蜡梅41种、浙江蜡梅36种和柳叶蜡梅43种,且5种植物花中的共有成分达到24种;从鉴定的成分来看,蜡梅属植物花的挥发性成分主要以萜类成分为主,包括萜烯、萜醇、萜酯等含氧衍生物及少数脂肪族化合物。蜡梅花中主要含有乙酸芳樟酯、黑蚁素及石竹烯氧化物等挥发性成分;柳叶蜡梅、浙江蜡梅和山蜡梅中主要挥发性成分有α-月桂烯、桉叶素和四甲基环癸二烯甲醇;突托蜡梅花中桉叶素、黑蚁素和异香橙烯环氧化物等成分含量较大。通过主成分分析,蜡梅属5种植物明显被划分为3类,其中浙江蜡梅、山蜡梅和柳叶蜡梅3种植物挥发性物质组成相似,归为一类;而蜡梅和突托蜡梅分别与另外3种植物花的挥发性成分的组成差别较大,各自聚为一类。主成分分析结果与蜡梅属5种植物的系统分类学研究结果一致。【结论】蜡梅属5种植物花的挥发性成分主要以萜类成分为主,且成分组成差异较大,其中柳叶蜡梅、浙江蜡梅及山蜡梅花的挥发性成分相似,具有相同的资源利用性;蜡梅及突托蜡梅花香气各异,挥发性成分组成明显不同于另外3种植物,在资源利用上可区别对待。本研究结果可为蜡梅属植物的分类学研究提供基础理论依据,也为蜡梅属花资源的开发利用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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八种蜡梅的繁殖 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
研究了美国蜡梅CalycanthusfloridusL.、西美蜡梅C.occidentalisHook.etArnott.夏蜡梅C.ChinensisChengetS.Y.Chang、蜡梅Chimonanthuspraecox(L.)Link、西南蜡梅Ch.CampanulatusR.H.ChangetC.S.Ding、山蜡梅Ch.nitensOliv.、突托蜡梅Ch.grammatusM.C.Liu、柳叶蜡梅Ch.salicifoliusS.Y.Hu的种子和扦插繁殖,以及幼苗生长。气干种子千粒重顺序为136、133、254、229、744、237、131和311g。种子发芽率最低33%,最高88%。夏季种子成熟的种类,随采随播,发芽率明显高于春播。以湿沙贮藏种子越冬,然后春播,可保持发芽率不明显下降。出苗期都在4~5月,播种可在3月上、中旬。幼苗仅一次生长高峰,分别在7、8、9月间。全年高生长量以美国蜡梅和柳叶蜡梅最大,达50cm以上,山蜡梅最小,约24cm。大部分种类第1年就形成较多分枝,表现灌木性状。除夏蜡梅外,全部蜡梅均可扦插繁殖,部分种类用100×10-6ABT—1号生根处理可促进生根。 相似文献
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蜡梅:喜光,略耐荫;喜温暖,有一定的抗寒性;耐旱力强,有“旱不死的蜡梅”之说;对土壤要求不严,耐瘠而喜深厚肥沃沙壤土。忌低洼粘重土。系华东、华南、西南、华中常见著名花卉,园林佳品,亦作盆栽、桩景等用。花时色、香俱美,是冬春理想木本切花,最宜与南天竹果枝插瓶。亮叶蜡梅:喜光而又耐荫;喜湿但具有一定耐旱力;喜疏松沙壤土,也可以在多种土壤中生长。四季常青,株丛紧密,花时淡黄,花朵在常绿叶丛间,相映成趣。适于长江流域以南,但尚少栽培。可孤植或丛栽于园林,亦可作基础植物用于园林建筑贴近处。柳叶蜡梅:喜温暖… 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献