免耕夏玉米田杂草生态经济阈值研究

为了明确免耕夏玉米田杂草的生态经济阈值,通过田间小区试验,采用添加法对田间杂草的种类和密度进行配置,田间小区完全随机区组排列,通过杂草密度与玉米产量损失率的关系计算杂草的生态经济阈值。结果表明,杂草密度(x)与玉米产量损失率(y)呈正相关,以拟合优度>0.90和残差平方和最小为条件对产量损失率曲线模型进行优选,其关系符合指数方程（y=46.4359-18.518e-x/21.9215-28.5039e-x/126.5527,R2=0.9609）,免耕夏玉米田杂草的生态经济阈值平均为2.27株/m2。通过该模型可明确田间杂草所能允许的最低密度,从而指导对田间杂草的综合治理。     

酸模叶蓼对大豆生长的影响及其经济阈值

酸模叶蓼是大豆田的恶性杂草,严重危害大豆生长发育及产量,为明确酸模叶蓼在大豆田中的经济危害允许水平和经济阈值,在大田条件下采用添加系列试验和拟合函数关系模型的方法,研究了酸模叶蓼与大豆的竞争关系。结果表明,在酸模叶蓼的竞争干扰下,大豆单株荚数,产量均随酸模叶蓼密度的增加而逐渐降低,而株高没有显著变化。线性函数模型y=-0.443x+39.453(R2=0.962,F=75.887,P=0.003)能较好地拟合酸模叶蓼对大豆单株荚数的影响;二次曲线函数模型y=0.702x~2-54.395x+3027.810(R~2=0.972,F=34.843,P=0.028)能较好地拟合大豆产量与酸模叶蓼密度之间的关系,对数函数y=16.131lnx-23.458(R2=0.911,F=20.532,P=0.045)能较好的拟合大豆产量损失与酸模叶蓼密度之间的关系。大豆田酸模叶蓼人工拔除的经济阈值为10.22株/m2,使用75%噻吩磺隆水分散粒剂、80%阔草清水分散粒剂、95%精异丙甲草胺乳油防除的经济阈值分别为4.75、5.03、5.25株/m~2。酸模叶蓼对大豆产量有明显影响,通过对经济阈值分析,在大豆田化学除草剂防治酸模叶蓼具有明显的经济优势。     

不同密度与沼肥用量对玉米产量及效益的影响

为研究玉米在不同种植密度下,沼肥(液)不同用量对玉米生长和产量形成的影响,开展3个种植密度3种沼肥施用量试验。结果表明,玉米在A_1、A_2密度下,玉米产量随沼肥(液)施用量的增加而增加,但在A_3密度下,沼肥(液)施用量越大玉米产量反而降低,产量与经济效益表现最优的是A_2B_3、A_1B_3处理,即当玉米群体密度分别为5069株/667m~2,4535株/667m~2,沼肥用量为1111.7kg/667m~2。     

春小麦田藜和野燕麦生态经济阈值模型的初步研究

通过对小麦田主要杂草藜、野燕麦不同密度对小麦产量构成因素的影响,及防治中生态经济阈值模型的初步研究,建立了藜、野燕麦不同密度与小麦有效穗数、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和小麦产量损失率间的函数关系式,明确了藜、野燕麦不同密度对构成小麦产量各因素影响作用,制定出适合当地杂草藜和野燕的生态经济阈值,即田间藜密度达到１．４５～１．８３株／ｍ＾２时,野燕麦密度达７．５～８．６０株／ｍ＾２时,分别使用７２％２,４－Ｄ丁酯乳油和１０％骠马乳油进行化学防治。     

吉昌市玉米高密度制种试验示范探讨

研究了不同密度对制种玉米农艺性状和产量的影响,结果表明:不同密度对制种玉米的农艺性状和产量都有显著的影响。在6000~7500株/667m~2的密度范围内,随密度的增加,穗数、穗位高和秃尖长度依次递增;茎粗、穗长、穗粒数、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重呈递减的趋势,在7500株/667m~2的密度下出现空秆。该制种玉米组合在密度7000株/667m~2时制种产量最高,此时各农艺性状表现也最佳。     

种植密度对泛玉298产量及其构成因素的影响

本研究设置4000株/667m~2、4500株/667m~2、5000株/667m~2和5500株/667m~2 4个密度处理,分析了种植密度对玉米新品种泛玉298产量和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:泛玉298叶面积指数、秃尖长和子粒含水量均随种植密度的增加呈增加的趋势;随着种植密度的增加,其株高、穗长、穗粗、行粒数和千粒重降低;5000株/667m~2密度处理下,泛玉298产量明显高于其他处理。因此,为发挥泛玉298高产潜力,最佳种植密度为5000株/667m~2。     

淮北地区玉米 ‘隆平206’ 适宜密度研究

为明确玉米‘隆平206’在淮北地区的适宜种植密度,为良种配套良法提供依据。采用单因素随机区组设计,研究不同密度对玉米产量、穗部性状和农艺性状等的影响。种植密度在30000-75000株/hm2范围,玉米的产量随着密度的增加而增加,75000株/hm2处理玉米的产量最高;75000-120000株/hm2范围内,玉米的产量随着密度的增加而下降。60000株/hm2、90000株/hm2处理玉米的产量与75000株/hm2处理玉米的产量无显著差异。产量-密度关系符合等比型产量-密度关系的基本特征,玉米产量和密度方程为y=0.31036xe（-0.000012182x）（r=0.994＊＊）,由方程可得,该试验的最高单株生产力不超过310.36 g,玉米最高产量的密度为82085株/hm2,最高理论产量为9372.4kg/hm2。随着种植密度的增加,株高、穗位高显著增高;倒伏率、空秆率显著增大;双穗率显著减少;穗长显著变短;行数显著减少;千粒重显著降低。淮北地区玉米‘隆平206’适宜的密度为60652株/hm2。     

不同种植密度对裕丰303农艺性状和产量的影响

为研究裕丰303在昌吉州地区的最佳种植密度及主要性状的相关性,设置了5个种植密度,分别为5000株/667m~2、5500株/667m~2、6000株/667m~2、6500株/667m~2、7000株/667m~2,分析了不同种植密度对裕丰303产量和农艺性状的影响。研究表明,种植密度与株高、茎粗、第2节间长度、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重和棒三叶面积的相关性达到极显著水平;与第1节间长度、倒伏率和秃尖长达到显著水平。随着种植密度的增加,玉米的株高、穗位高、第1节间长度、第2节间长度都会增加,产量性状穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数和百粒重都会减少,而产量却随着种植密度的增加呈先增加后降低趋势。在6500株/667m~2的种植密度下产量达到最大,为1268.73kg/667m~2,值得在昌吉州进行大面积推广。     

不同施氮量与种植密度对玉米盘江7号产量及农艺性状的影响

通过研究不同种植密度和施肥量对玉米盘江7号产量和农艺性状的影响,旨在为盘江7号高产栽培技术提供依据。结果表明,在复合肥40kg/667m~2+过磷酸钙15kg/667m~2为底肥,硫酸钾用量为10kg/667m~2的条件下,盘江7号的最适栽培密度为3600株/667m~2,适宜尿素施用量为45 kg/667m~2。     

不同玉米品种种植密度试验

通过在第六师共青团农场开展6 000株/667 m~2、7 000株/667 m~2、8 000株/667 m~2、9 000株/667 m~2 4种不同密度玉米种植试验,结果表明:供试玉米品种中,郑单958在种植密度为7 000株/667 m~2时,单产可达1 267.31kg/667 m~2,位居第1;而玉米品种德美亚2号、克玉16、先玉38P05适宜的种植密度分别为7 000株/667 m~2、6 000株/667 m~2、7 000株/667 m~2。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Some physiological and photosynthetic characters of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids

Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO₂ compensation pointdistinguishing C₃ and C₄ plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO₂ compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C₃ rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T CO₂ compensation point - T21 CO₂ compensation point at 21% O₂ - T2 CO₂ compensation point at 2% O₂ - dR/sR deep Root-to-shoot Ratio - LAR Leaf Area Ratio - CER photosynthetic rate - TR/SR Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio