在市场条件下加强农机管理工作的探讨

本文分析了当前新疆农机市场存在的问题，提出建立农机作业、维修、零配件销售三大市场管理机构，转变观念，加大农机监理和农机技术推广力度，加强农机市场服务体系建设。     

如何加强农机市场管理

随着改革开放以来，巴彦淖尔盟地区农机化水平的不断提高，农机市场走出了计划经济的圈子，农机流通行业发展很快，这极大地方便了广大农牧民购买农机商品。但是也存在一些问题，如：农机市场管理混乱，农机产品质量不佳。作为农机主管部门，如何搞好农机市场管理工作，以促进农机市场的稳定发展呢?     

进一步规范农机市场秩序的建议

由于农机市场的全面开放，农机产品交易的活跃，涌现了一批在市场有较高声誉的名牌产品，农机产品的质量和服务水平有了大幅度提高．为农村经济发展做出了重要贡献。但农机市场仍存在不少问题。     

农机市场体系的建设与发展

农机市场体系由农机商品市场、农机劳务市场、农机技术市场、农机信息市场构成，在发展过程中存在市场行为的局限性、市场竞争无序性、市场管理的不规范性等问题，应通过大力培育市场，加强宏观调控，加大农机新产品的开发等手段推动农机市场体系的发展与完善。     

山东省农机管理部门打假护机活动有成效

９月底至１０月中旬，山东省农机办由林建华主任、韩山盛副主任带队，分别对济南、济宁、泰安等市的农机销售市场、修配市场进行了重点检查，全省农机市场整顿和秋季“打假护机”活动进入一个新的阶段。在这次活动中，全省共组织出动农机质量检查执法人员５０００多人次，集中整治各类农机市场２６０多个，检查农机商品和产品标值９０００多万元，对查出的存在质量问题或未取得推广许可证以及“三无”农机及配件，分别不同情况依照相关法规进行了处理，捣毁农机制假和非法拼装窝点２０多个，曾一度屡禁不止的制售假冒伪劣农机及配件的坑农害…     

湖北省农机市场的现状与发展

<正>随着国家购机补贴政策的深入实施,湖北农机市场迎来了发展的黄金10年,广大农民的购机热情空前高涨,引爆了新一轮农机购置高潮,也促进了湖北农机市场的蓬勃发展。全省各地相继划行就市,兴建了一批具有辐射和带动能力的农机专业市场。经过10年的发展,各地在发展农机专业市场,推动农业生产的规模化现代化方面积累了一些经验,也出现了一些好的典型。1农机市场的定义和内容在探讨湖北省农机市场发展情况之前,我想有必要明     

农机市场激战正酣 相关教育静如止水——农机培训教材（图书）亟待规范和更新

近几年来,科技发展突飞猛进,日新月异,科技的发展成了农业机械发展的巨大助推器,农机新技术、新机具如雨后春笋不断涌现。尤其是我国加入 WTO 以后,国外企业瞄准国内巨大的农机市场,纷纷挺进国内,与国内企业一起厮杀,农机市场犹如战场,一片硝烟。农机培训教材亟待规范和更新目前,农机市场激战正酣,相关教育却静如止水。对于高等院校农机专业现行课程如何,笔者未做调查了解,但对书店里的农机方面的     

农机工业发展态势与市场比较分析

论述了黑龙江省在保障国家粮食安全、增产"千亿斤"粮食战略格局中的作用和农业机械化以及农机工业面临的新形势、新机遇,研究了农机市场的发展趋势与走向;分析了黑龙江省以及东北地区农机市场的优势、特点、产品需求和市场发展预期,提出了振兴农机工业的对策与建议.     

市场关注特色农机

去年以来，国产大中拖及小拖生产同比出现不同层次的下降。面对农机市场的“变脸”，农机企业普遍感受到了来自市场的压力。对农机企业而言，在入世后同等竞争的条件下，若要冲破重围，走高品位、低价位的可持续发展之路，就必须找准市场的切入点，把握用户的真正需求，生产“特色农机”，以抓住市场的制高点。生产“特色农机”，必须了解用户的经营观念和需求现状，让用户参与农机产品的“设计”；把握国家政策的优惠性；调查同行业主要竞争者经营策略，对市场进行细化，适时调整产品结构，增加对用户的吸收力，抓住产品的“空白”点，珍惜…     

农机维修市场执法要做到"四查"

农机维修市场是农机维修、保养的技术服务场所．农机维修质量的好与坏,直接影响到农机安全生产和农村的社会稳定。近年来,各级农机主管部门认真履行部门职责,加强农机维修行业、农机市场的规范化管理,定期与不定期开展农机维修市场专项执法检查工作。效果显著,有效地规范了农机维修市场的经济秩序。笔者认为,开展农机维修市场执法检查工作,要坚持做到以下“四查”：     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。