Reproductive conditioning of Chilean scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) and the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas): effects of enriched diets

The quality of diet fed to bivalve broodstock during reproductive conditioning directly affects growth and survival of their larval and postlarval progeny. The objective of the present study was to improve the quality of larval production in the Chilean scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) and the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) by testing of the effects of different experimentally enriched diets on the conditioning and early development of progeny under laboratory conditions. The diets used included protein-rich microalgae and mixtures of microalgae and lipid emulsions. Quality of D-larvae, pediveligers, and 1-mm postlarvae from the variously fed broodstock was measured to evaluate each diet as indicators of growth and survival of the early life stages. Biochemical analyses were carried out on eggs and larvae to determine the effects of the different diets on these parameters. The main results for the scallops and oysters were that a conditioning diet containing algae rich in protein improved larval growth and survival. This effect did not, however, extend past metamorphosis. Also, the best conditioning diet increased the lipid content of the eggs, as well as the protein content of the D-larvae, although the mechanism for this remains unclear.     

不同育性三倍体长牡蛎性腺发育过程中的营养成分比较

为阐明不同育性三倍体长牡蛎性腺发育与营养成分变化的关系,实验对不育型和可育型三倍体长牡蛎性腺发育过程中的主要营养成分(糖原、总蛋白质和总脂肪含量)进行分析,并与二倍体长牡蛎进行比较.结果显示,三倍体长牡蛎性腺—内脏团、闭壳肌和外套膜3种组织中的糖原含量均显著高于同时期的二倍体长牡蛎,性腺—内脏团和闭壳肌中的总蛋白质含量...     

不同育性长牡蛎性腺发育过程中糖原和脂质的组织化学研究

为探讨不同育性长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)性腺发育过程中主要供能物质的利用和变化差异,利用过碘酸雪夫氏染色(PAS染色)和油红O染色法对不同育性三倍体长牡蛎及二倍体长牡蛎性腺组织进行观察分析。结果显示,增殖期,二倍体和三倍体长牡蛎性腺结缔组织中均含有大量糖原和脂质。随着性腺发育,二倍体和可育型三倍体(3nα型)长牡蛎性腺结缔组织中糖原含量明显下降,到成熟期几乎检测不到糖原,说明性腺结缔组织中的糖原为配子发生提供能量。脂质主要存在于性腺结缔组织和卵母细胞的细胞质中,说明脂质是卵细胞发育的重要组成物质。雌性二倍体和3nα型长牡蛎性腺结缔组织中的脂类含量随着性腺发育并未发生明显下降,推测糖原可能转化为脂质以满足性腺发育的物质需求。脂质在二倍体雄性长牡蛎的性腺发育过程中出现明显的减少,说明脂类在雄性性腺发育中的主要功能可能是供能而不是结构组成。糖原和脂类作为长牡蛎性腺发育过程中重要的供能和组成物质,在不育型三倍体(3nβ型)长牡蛎性腺发育过程中含量没有发生明显的变化,这与3nβ型配子发生受阻密切相关。推测3nβ型长牡蛎由于配子发育受阻,性腺发育初期积累的糖原和脂质并未分配至生殖细胞,而留在结缔组织中,从而使其在繁殖季节仍然能够保持快速生长。研究结果为牡蛎生殖发育调控机制及育性控制育种提供重要信息。     

Influence of food quality and quantity on the growth and development of Crassostrea gigas larvae: a modeling approach

A biochemically based model was developed to simulate the growth, development and metamorphosis of larvae of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The model is unique in that it (1) defines larvae in terms of their protein, neutral lipid, polar lipid, carbohydrate and ash content; (2) tracks weight separately from length to follow larval condition index and (3) includes genetic variation in growth efficiency and egg quality to better simulate cohort population dynamics. The model includes parameterizations for larval filtration, ingestion and respiration that determine growth rate and processes controlling larval mortality and metamorphosis. Changes in tissue composition occur as the larva grows and in response to the biochemical composition of the food.

The simulations show that genetically determined variations in growth efficiency produce significant changes in larval survival and success at metamorphosis. Larvae with low growth efficiency are successful under a much narrower range of culture conditions than larvae with high growth efficiency. The impact of low growth efficiency is primarily controlled by the ability of larvae to store lipid for metamorphosis. Culture conditions that provide increased dietary lipid counterweigh low growth efficiency. Changes in food quantity and quality had little effect on size at metamorphosis. On the other hand, larval life span and success rate at metamorphosis varied over a wide range depending upon the conditions of the simulation. Food quality and food availability both influence larval life span and, hence, larval survival. As ingestion rate decreases, larval life span increases and cohort survival declines. Increased lipid or decreased protein in the diet improves cohort survival. Changes in carbohydrate content are less influential. If cohort success is significantly affected by mortality during larval life rather than success at metamorphosis, the influence of food quality becomes more complex. The range of food compositions yielding high survival is restricted by a balance between improved success at metamorphosis obtained by increased lipid storage and the shortening of larval life span as a result of more rapid growth, a function of protein availability. These simulations illustrate the strength and utility of numerical models for evaluating and designing hatchery protocols for optimizing yield of C. gigas larvae.     

太平洋牡蛎与葡萄牙牡蛎两亚种间杂交及其早期阶段生长与存活的杂种优势

利用山东青岛养殖的太平洋牡蛎(N)与汕头本地养殖的葡萄牙牡蛎(S)两个近缘种为亲本,采用正交设计建立了杂种组NS(N♂×S♀)和SN(S♂×N♀)与纯种组NN(N♂×N♀)和SS(S♂×S♀)4个不同的遗传组合,通过比较不同阶段(幼虫期、稚贝期、养成阶段)的生长和存活数据,研究了牡蛎近缘种间的杂种优势,目的为改良牡蛎的生产性状。结果表明,这两个近缘种之间杂交能够产生显著的杂种优势,杂交后代的生长与存活两个表型性状都得到改良。杂交组比近交组生长得快,杂种优势在幼虫期为37.44%,稚贝期为42.47%。杂交组也比近交组存活率高,8日龄幼虫存活率的杂种优势为76.80%、14日龄幼虫存活率的杂种优势可达107.70%,60、90和105日龄稚贝存活率的杂种优势分别为17.30%、15.62%和9.08%。研究表明,通过太平洋牡蛎和葡萄牙牡蛎两个近缘种间的杂交有望解决牡蛎养殖产业存在的育苗难、存活率低、生长慢、个体小等问题。     

Yields of cultured Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas Thunberg improved after one generation of selection

Parental families (G₀) in three lines of Pacific oysters were selected based on live weight and meat yields at harvest. The average live weight yield of progeny (G₁) from crossing G₀-selected lines in seven trials was 9.5% greater than that of nonselected control families and live weight yields were significantly greater (ANOVA, P<0.001) in four out of seven trials. The response to selection was greater if G₁ families were tested at the same site as their parents' selection site rather than at a different site, although this effect was only significant for G₁ families of cohort 5 (P<0.01) but not cohort 7 (P>0.05). A significant genotype×environment interaction affected yields in both cohort 5 and cohort 7 (ANOVA; P<0.001). In addition, correlation between the yields of the same families planted at both intertidal and subtidal sites was positive but weak (cohort 5, r=0.30; cohort 7, r=0.35), indicating that selection for high yield in one environment would likely result in a low correlated response in a different environment. Nonetheless, it was possible to identify six families in cohort 5 and four families in cohort 7 that were among the top 10 families at both sites. Further evaluation of families across a wider range of environments is needed to determine if it is possible to substantially improve yields by selecting “generalist” families that perform well along the whole Pacific coast, or whether it will be necessary to select lines that are suited to particular sites.     

长牡蛎壳金性状遗传参数评估及与生长性状的关联分析

采用家系选育与群体选育相结合的方法,以壳金性状和生长性状为主要选育指标,经过连续4代的选育获得了长牡蛎第4代壳金选育品系(F4)。本实验以F4代为亲本,采用巢式设计方法和人工授精技术,成功构建了25个长牡蛎壳金全同胞家系,分别测定了每个家系生长到9月龄时30个个体壳金性状颜色参数和生长性状,分析了2类性状的表型变异,并对壳金性状的遗传参数及与生长性状的相关性进行了分析。结果显示,壳金性状颜色参数L*、a*、b*、ΔE的遗传力分别为0.13±0.09、0.69±0.19、0.30±0.13、0.38±0.15;L*、a*、b*和ΔE之间的遗传相关和表型相关范围分别为–0.25~0.37、–0.1 9~0.8 0;颜色参数与各生长性状的遗传相关和表型相关均较低,分别为–0.04~0.26、–0.10~0.13。本研究表明长牡蛎壳金性状颜色参数的遗传力多为中高等水平,对其颜色继续进行选择改良,预期能达到良好的效果。此外,壳金性状与生长性状的相关性较低,不能利用二者之间的关系进行相互选择,只能将壳金性状和生长性状均作为目标性状进行协同选择,以实现同步改良2个性状的目的。     

The effects of inbreeding on performance traits of adult Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

Understanding the effects of inbreeding is critical to the long-term viability of shellfish breeding programs, especially as breeders attempt to develop selected lines in hatcheries with small effective population sizes. Inbreeding depression in shellfish is well documented among the offspring of selfed individuals and full-sib crosses. This study was conducted to determine if crossing more distantly related parents would result in measurable inbreeding depression of performance traits in adult Crassostrea gigas raised in a commercial intertidal growing environment. Families were created with expected inbreeding coefficients (F) of 0, 0.0625, and 0.203. Average family yield, individual growth rate, and survival were recorded after the first and second growing seasons. Significant inbreeding depression in yield, individual growth rate and survival was observed after the first growing season in families with F=0.203 (P<0.0001), but not in families with F=0.0625 (P>0.058). After two growing seasons, significant inbreeding depression of yield and individual growth rate was observed in families with F=0.0625 (P<0.01) and F=0.203 (P<0.001). Significant depression of survival at harvest was observed only in families with F=0.203 (P=0.009). These results emphasize the importance of maintaining pedigree records in shellfish breeding programs to help avoid the deleterious effects of inbreeding depression, even among crosses of distantly related parents.     

太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)类FUT2基因的克隆与组织表达

通过同源克隆的方法获得太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)类FUT2基因的c DNA序列,分析其在牡蛎中的组织表达差异。研究结果表明,太平洋牡蛎类FUT2基因c DNA全长为1941 bp,包含180 bp的5'非翻译区、1086 bp的编码361个氨基酸的开放阅读框及675 bp的3'非翻译区。分子进化聚类分析结果显示,太平洋牡蛎类FUT2基因与家鼠(Mus musculus)等哺乳动物的FUT2基因聚为1个分支。此外,类FUT2基因m RNA在太平洋牡蛎成贝的肝胰脏、闭壳肌、外套膜、唇瓣、鳃等5个组织中均有分布,其中在唇瓣中的表达量最低,在其余4个组织中的表达量差异不显著。本研究表明,牡蛎中类A型组织血型抗原HBGA很可能存在与人A型HBGA相似的合成途径,可为进一步探索牡蛎特异性富集诺如病毒No V的分子机制奠定研究基础。     

微卫星标记在长牡蛎三倍体鉴定中的应用

为开发一种简单有效的倍性检测方法对长牡蛎三倍体诱导结果进行准确评估,本实验采用细胞松弛素B抑制第二极体释放诱导产生长牡蛎三倍体,选用7个微卫星位点扩增基因组DNA,通过亲子代基因分型进行倍性检测,检测结果采用流式细胞仪加以验证,以评估微卫星标记倍性检测的准确性。另外,本研究探讨了准确鉴定倍性所需的微卫星标记数量与微卫星—着丝粒重组率(y)之间的关系,以期为其他物种采用分子标记进行倍性检测提供理论依据。结果显示,细胞松弛素B诱导产生的115个长牡蛎子代经7个微卫星位点鉴定得到40个三倍体,与流式细胞仪检测结果一致,准确率达到100%,7个微卫星位点的(1-y)的乘积为0.005。随机挑选6个位点,也可鉴定出所有三倍体,(1-y)的乘积为0.005~0.042。研究表明,本研究中开发的微卫星标记可以简单高效地鉴定长牡蛎三倍体,微卫星位点的(1-y)的乘积小于0.005,倍性检测的准确率可达100%,采用微卫星标记进行倍性检测对于加速长牡蛎三倍体育种进程具有十分重要的意义。     

牡蛎糖原的研究 (II)——牡蛎糖原的分子结构

该研究以新鲜近江牡蛎 (Crassostrea ariakensis) 软体组织为实验材料,通过比较分析不同蒽酮硫酸比例、不同反应时间的吸光值确定最优反应条件,并对方法的最低检出限、重复性、稳定性和精确性进行评价,最终建立了牡蛎糖原含量的微量检测体系。建立的微量反应体系体积为300 μL,主要包括0.2%蒽酮硫酸溶液200 μL,样品待测液100 μL;沸水浴反应时间为10 min。该方法的葡萄糖最低检出限为0.001 5 mg·mL⁻¹,标准曲线变异系数小于4%,证实该方法具有较高的检测灵敏度;显色反应完成后,室温条件下120 min内其吸光值基本不变,稳定性较高;测定牡蛎外套膜、鳃、唇瓣、性腺、肝胰腺、闭壳肌的加标回收率介于95.3%~105.8%,说明该法具有较高的准确性。因此,该研究建立的微量反应体系测定牡蛎糖原的方法具有试剂用量小、操作简单、单样品成本低等优势,同时重复性、稳定性、精确性均较高,适用于大批样品批量测定。该研究为快速、高效完成牡蛎样品糖原的检测提供了有效的技术方法。     

长牡蛎壳金选育群体生长性状的选择效应

长牡蛎是一种世界性的养殖贝类,同时是我国最重要的经济贝类之一,壳色美观和快速生长是目前长牡蛎遗传育种的2个重要目标。2010年通过长牡蛎壳色性状的家系选育,获得了壳白、壳黑、壳金和壳紫4种壳色品系。实验以第二代壳金品系为基础群体,对长牡蛎壳金群体的生长性状进行定向选育,分析了长牡蛎壳金选育群体壳高性状的选择反应、遗传获得和现实遗传力。结果显示,养成阶段选择组的壳高均大于对照组,350日龄后表现出显著的生长优势;幼虫期,壳高性状的平均选择反应、遗传获得和现实遗传力分别为0.549±0.277、3.717%±2.611%和0.339±0.171,养成期分别为0.436±0.138、8.253%±1.014%和0.270±0.086。选择组的贝壳金黄色和外套膜金黄色比例分别提高了22%和10%。研究结果为长牡蛎壳金优良品系培育提供了重要基础资料。     

近江牡蛎和长牡蛎的配子兼容性及合子育性

为了评估长牡蛎(GG)和近江牡蛎(AA)的配子兼容性和合子育性,本实验探究了盐度(16、20、24、28和32)、温度(18、21、24、27和30 ℃)和精子浓度(10⁰、10¹、10²、10³和10⁴个/μL)对受精率、胚胎畸形率和孵化率的影响。结果显示,随盐度的增加,GG组的受精率和孵化率逐渐上升,而AA组和AG组的受精率和孵化率先上升后下降;GA组和AG组分别在盐度28和24时具有较优的配子兼容性和合子育性,受精率、畸形率、孵化率分别为7.45%±5.05%、2.00%±0.90%、63.60%±9.88%和14.26%±9.26%、1.74%±0.93%、66.16%±9.43%。随温度上升,AA、GA和GG组的受精率和孵化率先升高后下降,而畸形率先下降后上升;GA组和AG组均在27 ℃时表现出较优的配子兼容性和合子育性,此时GA组和AG组的受精率、畸形率、孵化率分别为7.95%±4.04%、1.79%±1.04%、57.11%±9.95%和14.70%±7.27%、1.66%±0.85%、67.25%±15.19%。随精子浓度的增加,GG组的受精率逐渐上升,孵化率逐渐下降,GA组和AG组的受精率逐渐上升;GA组和AG组均在10⁴个/μL时表现出较优的配子兼容性和合子育性,此时二者的受精率、畸形率、孵化率分别为9.09%±7.53%、1.59%±0.48%、67.97%±19.96%和14.30%±6.04%、1.06%±0.68%、67.33%±12.65%。研究表明,温度、盐度和精子浓度对长牡蛎和近江牡蛎种间配子兼容性影响较小,但对合子育性影响较大。     

Gametogenesis of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in warm water in Israel

The gametogenic cycle of Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas was studied in the outflow water of fish ponds in Eilat, Israel. Despite relatively high water temperatures (14–28°C) and high salinity (41 ± 2 ppt), both species developed gonads. O. edulis spawned from March to May, when water temperature ranged from 18 to 22°C, with a dormant period during the summer months. C. gigas spawned between May and August, when water temperature ranged between 20 and 26°C, with a dormant period between August and April. Spat never developed in the fish pond system.     

In vitro modulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediate (ROI/RNI) production in Crassostrea gigas hemocytes

Bivalve hemocyte competence has been measured by quantifying functional characteristics, including reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production after activation with zymosan or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). However, untreated oyster hemocytes also produce ROI and RNI (reactive nitrogen intermediates) after bleeding even if not stimulated by zymosan or PMA. Extensive investigation of this parameter by flow cytometry showed that, in vitro, ROI/RNI production by untreated hemocytes maintained in seawater appeared to be independent of both bacterial burden in the serum and non-self particle phagocytosis. ROI/RNI production in granulocytes was higher than in hyalinocytes and could be intensified when activated by zymosan but not by PMA. Both cell types used NADPH-oxidase- and NO-synthase-like pathways to produce these molecules; the NO-synthase pathway seemed relatively more dominant in hyalinocytes and NADPH-oxidase appeared more effective in granulocytes. These results provide new insights for interpreting the modulation of ROI/RNI production by untreated hemocytes shown by other studies, relative to environmental conditions or physiological status of the oysters.     

长牡蛎和福建牡蛎个体生长模型的构建及比较

长牡蛎和福建牡蛎分别是我国北方和南方沿海重要的养殖贝类。为比较分析二者的动态生长情况,实验基于动态能量收支理论（DEB）,以连续监测的水温和叶绿素a浓度为强制因子,通过现场实验、模型调试和文献查阅等方式获取模型参数,利用Python 2.7软件分别构建了桑沟湾长牡蛎、深沪湾福建牡蛎的个体生长模型,并以两种牡蛎的实测生长数据进行验证。结果显示：①所构建的DEB模型能够较好地模拟长牡蛎、福建牡蛎的个体生长情况（壳高、软组织湿重等）,模拟值与实测值之间相关性显著;②长牡蛎和福建牡蛎的温度耐受上限（T_H）、温度耐受下限（T_L）、半饱和常数（F_H）等参数存在差异,这可能与不同海域的理化环境、食物组成及牡蛎的选择性摄食有关;③在模拟周期内,受温度和食物的双重限制,长牡蛎冬季生长缓慢,而福建牡蛎处于持续增长状态,期间主要受到食物的限制。本研究结果可为后续生态系统模型构建和牡蛎养殖容量评估提供基础数据。     

长牡蛎第三代选育群体生长性状的选择效应

为了培育长牡蛎的高产抗逆新品种,实验采用群体选育方法构建了中国、日本和韩国3个种群的快速生长选育系,2007年至今已连续进行了6代选育。本实验对长 牡蛎选育F₃代壳高和活体体质量的增长、选择反应和遗传获得等遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明,从第120日龄开始,中国、日本和韩国3个选育群体的壳高和 活体体质量均显著高于对照组,在420日龄时,平均壳高较对照组分别高13.4%、10.1%和10.5%,平均活体体质量较对照组分别重18.5%、13.4%和11.6%;壳高的平均现实遗传力分别为0.447±0.226、0.471±0.297和0.367±0.167,表明适于对壳高的生长速度进行进一步的选育。长牡蛎中国、日本和韩国选育F3代活体 体质量的遗传获得平均值分别为16.01%±3.82%、15.03%±5.21%和11.57%±5.15%,表明对长牡蛎壳高的生长速度进行选育时,活体体质量的生长速度也得到了明显提高。本研究结果可以为长牡蛎快速生长品系的连续选育提供依据。     

长牡蛎壳黑选育品系和野生群体在摄食和代谢方面的比较

为探究长牡蛎壳黑选育品系优良性状的生理学基础,采用实验生态学方法比较研究了长牡蛎壳黑选育品系和野生群体在不同温度和盐度下的摄食和代谢差异。结果显示,在16~32 ℃范围内,温度对长牡蛎滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率均有显著影响。随温度升高,两群体滤水率先增加后降低。野生群体滤水率在24 ℃达到最大值,壳黑品系在28 ℃达到最大值。两群体耗氧率和排氨率均随温度升高呈增加趋势,并未发现显著性转折点。长牡蛎壳黑选育品系和野生群体间滤水率和排氨率差异显著,壳黑品系滤水率均高于野生群体,耗氧率均低于野生群体,且在32 ℃壳黑品系排氨率显著低于野生群体。在盐度15~35范围内,盐度对长牡蛎滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率均有显著影响。随盐度升高,两群体的滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率总体均呈先增加后降低的趋势。长牡蛎壳黑选育品系和野生群体间滤水率差异显著,壳黑品系滤水率均高于野生群体,且在盐度15~25条件下壳黑品系排氨率均低于野生群体。两群体O:N值均在16 ℃和盐度35组最大,温度升高或盐度降低均会致使两群体O:N值下降。温度实验中,在32 ℃时,野生群体O:N最低值为7.57,壳黑品系O:N值变化范围为10.52~29.31。盐度实验中,在盐度20时,野生群体O:N最低值为9.10,壳黑品系O:N值变化范围为11.51~22.98。研究表明,相较于野生群体,长牡蛎壳黑选育品系更能适应高温和低盐环境,而较高的摄食率和较低的代谢率可为其提供更多的能量用于生长。     

近交对长牡蛎幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响

分别以2010年通过2个野生个体进行交配获得的A01全同胞家系和2011年通过A01家系子代进行交配获得A02全同胞家系为亲本,在2013年6月采用同时建立全同胞交配子一代F1(F=0.250)、全同胞交配子二代F2(F=0.375)及设置对照组(F=0)的方法,研究在相同环境条件下,不同实验组的受精率与孵化率以及近交对长牡蛎幼虫期、稚贝期生长和存活的影响,并初步探讨近交代数与近交衰退的关系。结果发现,各组的受精率均在90%以上,除F2组外其余2组的孵化率也在90%以上;幼虫阶段,F1组和F2组的壳高与壳长均从12日龄出现衰退(近交衰退系数,inbreeding depression coefficient,IDC0),且F2组壳高的近交衰退系数均小于同日龄F1组壳高的近交衰退系数;F1组和F2组的存活率在整个幼虫期间均出现衰退,且F1组和F2组存活率的近交衰退系数均随着幼虫日龄的增加而逐渐减小。稚贝阶段,F1组和F2组的平均壳高在各日龄均表现出近交衰退(IDC0),且F2组壳高的近交衰退系数均小于相同日龄F1组壳高的近交衰退系数;3个实验组的平均壳长在整个稚贝阶段无显著性差异;F1组和F2组存活率的衰退在不同日龄始终存在(IDC0),且随着稚贝日龄的增加其衰退程度逐渐加大。研究结果为长牡蛎选择育种和遗传改良提供了基础资料。     

长牡蛎闭壳肌肌纤维的组织学特性

分别利用石蜡切片苏木精-伊红染色法、冷冻切片烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸四唑氧化还原酶(NADH-TR)组化染色法、肌球蛋白ATP酶染色法对长牡蛎闭壳肌平滑肌和横纹肌进行了组织学特性研究,并比较平滑肌和横纹肌肌纤维组成的差异。石蜡切片结果显示,闭壳肌中平滑肌和横纹肌肌纤维形态结构不同,肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度和横截面积存在显著差异,其中平滑肌肌纤维直径为(5.97±0.631)μm,肌纤维密度为(25 485.65±3917.807)根/mm~2,肌纤维横截面积为(26.25±5.365)μm~2;横纹肌肌纤维直径为(7.41±0.847)μm,肌纤维密度为(16 908.25±3917.807)根/mm~2,横截面积为(40.45±10.083)μm~2。NADH-TR染色结果显示,平滑肌中富含NADH,肌纤维染色较深,呈现深蓝紫色,主要是I型肌纤维,为氧化代谢的慢速收缩型肌纤维;横纹肌染色较浅或者基本不着色,主要是II型肌纤维,为糖酵解代谢的快速收缩肌纤维。ATPase酶染色结果显示,横纹肌ATPase活性强,染色较深,呈现黑色,主要是II型肌纤维;平滑肌中ATPase活性弱,着色浅或基本不着色,主要是I型肌纤维。ATPase酶染色结果与NADH-TR染色结果一致。研究阐明了长牡蛎闭壳肌中平滑肌和横纹肌肌纤维的组织学特性及收缩、代谢特性差异,为深入研究长牡蛎肌纤维生物学特性提供了重要的基础资料,为提高我国贝类肉质品质提供理论依据。