鸡减蛋综合征病毒的分离与鉴定

从产蛋率下降和出现软壳蛋、薄壳蛋、破壳蛋、无壳蛋等畸形蛋的养鸡厂采集病料,接种于9日龄的鸭胚尿囊腔后分离到1株病毒,经过流行病学调查、细菌分离试验、血凝试验、血凝抑制试验和分离病毒对健康蛋鸡的致病性研究,将分离病毒鉴定为鸡减蛋综合征病毒.     

鸡产蛋下降综合征病毒的分离及初步鉴定

利用鸭胚从吉林省某鸡场表现产蛋量下降,产畸形蛋,血凝抑制试验诊断为产蛋下降综合征(EDS_(76))的病鸡输卵管、子宫中分离到两株病毒(CH—1和CH—2),经血凝试验、血凝抑制试验及电镜观察,证实为鸡产蛋下降综合征病毒.     

鸡减蛋综合征病毒EDSV-HX株的分离鉴定与免疫原性评价

为研究某发病鸡群病料中所分离病毒的遗传特性、致病性及免疫原性,通过流行病学、基因序列测定、血凝和血凝抑制试验,确定所分离的病毒为鸡减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV),并命名为EDSV-HX株。随后制备该毒株的油乳剂灭活疫苗,分别以不同剂量免疫蛋鸡,并根据HI抗体效价将免疫蛋鸡重新分为不同的抗体水平组进行攻毒试验。结果显示:当免疫鸡HI抗体效价不低于7 log2时,可为免疫蛋鸡提供有效攻毒保护,且产蛋不受影响。研究表明EDSV-HX株具有高致病性和良好的免疫原性,可作为效力检验用毒及灭活疫苗的候选株。     

一株鸡产蛋下降综合征病毒的分离鉴定

利用鸭胚从黑龙江省某自然感染鸡产蛋下降综合征鸡场的病输卵管、子宫中分离到一株病毒。经血凝和血凝抑制试验、ＨＩ交叉试验，电镜观察证实，我们所分离的病原体为产蛋下降综合征病毒。     

鸭源新城疫病毒分离株的生物学特性鉴定

从河北某鸭场产蛋锐减而无其他典型新城疫症状的高抗体蛋鸭群中分离到1株病毒(命名为HB/1/06/Dk).经过鉴定,该分离株具有血凝性,可被新城疫病毒(NDV)标准阳性血清所抑制,不能被禽流感病毒(AIV H5与H9亚型)阳性血清和减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)标准阳性血清抑制;该病毒致死鸡胚的平均时间(MDT)为67.2 h,1日龄SPF雏鸡的脑内接种致死指数(ICPI)为0.86,表明该病毒属中等毒力毒株.     

一株鸽新城疫病毒的分离鉴定

为了对广东地区某鸽场疑似鸽新城疫病毒感染的鸽群进行病原学诊断,试验采用血凝试验(HA)、血凝抑制试验(HI)、F基因扩增及序列测定等一系列综合试验对其进行病原学鉴定。结果表明:该分离株具有血凝活性,且这种血凝性可被新城疫病毒(NDV)标准阳性血清抑制,而不能被减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)-H5、AIV-H7、AIV-H9阳性血清抑制;用针对NDV F基因设计的特异性鉴定引物对该分离株进行PCR扩增,可扩增出相应的目的片段;该分离株与天津分离株AG/Tianjin/07的核苷酸序列的相似性高达99%。说明该分离株为鸽新城疫病毒,命名为Pigeon/Guangdong/SD54/2006。     

一例藏鸡新城疫病毒的分离鉴定与病指数试验

取疑似新城疫病毒(NDV)感染的病料进行9日龄鸡胚接种,结果分离到一株病毒.该病毒具有血凝性,血凝活性能被新城疫阳性血清所抑制.减蛋综合征(EDS)阳性血清,传染性支气管炎阳性血清、禽流感H5、H9单因子血清进行血凝抑制(HI)交叉试验发现,该病毒不能抑制血凝活性,动物回归试验出现与新城疫病毒感染鸡相一致的症状,可确认该病为新城疫病毒感染.根据NDV毒力测定标准,MDT＞90 h,ICPI为0.38,IVPI值为0,可判定为新城疫弱毒株.     

鸽副黏病毒Ⅰ型(川沙株)的分离与鉴定

利用SPF鸡胚培养法从上海川沙某具有典型新城疫症状和病理变化的高死亡率发病鸽场的死亡鸽体内分离到一株病毒.对该病毒E5代尿囊液进行病原学鉴定、RT-PCR鉴定、理化特性测定、致病指数、病毒血清学试验及鸽体致病性试验,结果显示该病毒具有血凝性,且血凝特性可被新城疫病毒参考阳性血清所抑制,而不能被减蛋综合征病毒、禽流感病毒（H5、H9和H7）阳性血清抑制;该病毒对氯仿、乙醚和酸敏感;致病指数分别为：最小致死量鸡胚平均死亡时间为55.2 h,1日龄雏鸡脑内致病指数为1.8,6周龄雏鸡静脉致病指数为2.39.经鉴定,该分离毒株为鸽副黏病毒Ⅰ型强毒株,将其命名为鸽副黏病毒Ⅰ型（川沙株）.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒TJ1株的分离与鉴定

从发病蛋鸡群分离到H9N2亚型禽流感病毒TJ1株,对其进行了系统的生物学特性鉴定.结果表明,分离毒TJ1株具有血凝性,且凝集不被新城疫和产蛋下降综合征抗血清抑制,而被H9亚型禽流感病毒标准阳性血清抑制,禽流感琼扩试验结果为阳性,在电镜下呈典型的流感病毒粒子形态,证明该毒株为A型流感病毒;通过致病力试验,分离毒TJ1株对6周龄SPF鸡无致病性,为低致病性毒株;用其制备成油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫雏鸡,能很快产生对H9特异的血凝抑制抗体,于免疫后3周攻毒,可以保护雏鸡抵御同病毒攻击的感染,表明分离毒TJ1株具有良好的免疫原性.     

鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒F蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为了制备鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒融合蛋白(F蛋白)的单克隆抗体,以鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒F基因抗原重组蛋白免疫BALB/C小鼠,得到能稳定分泌抗F蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞3株。对效价最高的一株进行特性测定,结果显示其腹水抗体效价达到6.4×104以上,细胞培养上清液的效价达1︰800,其抗体亚类为lg G 2b,轻链为κ链,染色体数目为98条;血凝抑制试验显示单抗没有血凝抑制效价;间接ELISA进行特异性试验表明单抗与鸡传染性支气管炎病毒、鸡减蛋综合征病毒、鸡马立克氏病病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、羊痘病毒、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌没有交叉反应,而与鸡新城疫病毒具有较强的交叉反应。PPMV-1 F蛋白单克隆抗体的制备为鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒病新诊断方法的建立奠定了基础。     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响.结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显...     

鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的定位研究

为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势.     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

猪獾全身骨骼的观测

对致死后的野生雄性猪獾作全身骨骼系统观察测定，共拍摄照片6幅，查明猪獾全身共有252共骨头，另有4块喉软骨，长约4．3cm，略弯圆柱状阴茎骨，16对肋软骨，上下各1对犬齿，较发达，分别长1．4cm,1.3cm，发现猪獾善于穴居或栖居，行动迟缓的骨骼特征：（1）胸椎发达，颈椎，腰椎较发达；（2）胸骨的前端愈合完全，后端膨大突出：（3）前肢短，有29．5cm，后肢长，有33．4cm，均有强大锐利的脚爪；（4）尾椎较长，全长16．9cm。