甘蔗花叶病毒HC-Pro基因原核表达及表达产物抗血清制备

采用RT-PCR方法自甘蔗花叶病毒北京玉米分离物（SCMV-BJ）的基因组中分离出其HC-Pro基因，通过T4DNA聚合酶连接到原核表达载体pET-22b（＋）上，获得的重组子pETHC转化大肠杆菌B121（DE3），用IPTG在37℃进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表明，HC-Pro基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达，产生分子量约为52kDa的融合蛋白。将融合蛋白纯化后免疫兔子，获得了特异性的抗血清并提取了抗体IgG。ACP-ELISA测定抗血清的效价为1／8192。结果表明，该血清可用于SCMV-BJ的检测，并为进一步分析HC-Pro的功能奠定基础。     

草莓镶脉病毒ORF Ⅵ基因的原核表达与抗血清制备

为了分析草莓镶脉病毒（Strawberry vein banding virus,SVBV）ORF Ⅵ基因的功能,采用原核表达技术获得该基因表达的重组蛋白并制备其抗血清。利用PCR技术扩增得到SVBV中国分离物的ORF Ⅵ基因,将此基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-SUMO上,获得重组质粒pET-SUMO-ORF Ⅵ。转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）后,经IPTG诱导与Ni²⁺-NTA亲和柱纯化,获得分子质量约为90 kD的重组蛋白。以纯化的重组蛋白为抗原免疫家兔制备抗血清,采用间接ELISA和Western blot方法测定抗血清的效价、反应灵敏度以及ORF Ⅵ基因在本氏烟中的瞬时表达。结果显示,间接ELISA法测定抗血清对重组蛋白的效价达1：256 000,Western blot法能够检测到稀释64 000倍的重组蛋白。利用稀释2 000倍的抗血清,仍能够检测出SVBV中国分离物和美国分离物ORF Ⅵ基因在本氏烟中瞬时表达的蛋白。     

玉米黄花叶病毒运动蛋白的原核表达纯化与抗血清制备

为实现对玉米黄花叶病毒（maize yellow mosaic virus,MaYMV）的血清学检测,丰富该病毒的检测方法,将编码MaYMV运动蛋白（movement protein,MP）的基因连接到原核表达载体pDBHis-MBP上,将构建成功的原核表达质粒转化到大肠杆菌Escherichia coli中诱导表达融合蛋白,将纯化后的融合蛋白对新西兰大白兔Oryctolagus cuniculus进行免疫并制备MaYMV MP多克隆抗血清,并采用Western blot对抗血清的效价、灵敏度和特异性进行检测。结果显示,利用成功构建的原核表达载体经诱导表达获得分子量大小约为62 kD的融合蛋白,纯化后对新西兰大白兔进行免疫获得MaYMV MP抗血清,该抗血清的效价为1∶128 000,灵敏度为1∶32,且该抗血清能够特异性地检测到本氏烟Nicotiana benthamiana中瞬时表达的MaYMV MP,而不与马铃薯卷叶病毒属Polerovirus及黄症病毒属Luteovirus的其他病毒发生血清学交叉反应,证明该抗血清具有良好的特异性。表明本研究制备的MaYMV MP抗血清能特异性...     

樱桃病毒A北京分离物外壳蛋白的原核表达及抗血清制备

根据前期研究获得的樱桃病毒A北京分离物(Cherry virus Aisolate Beijing,CVA-BJ)外壳蛋白基因序列设计引物,将此基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),以终浓度为1 mmol/L的IPTG进行诱导表达。Ni珠吸附法纯化表达产物后免疫家兔制备抗血清。间接ELISA测得抗血清效价为1∶2048。以纯化后的蛋白和樱桃叶片总蛋白为检测材料,Western blot分析表明抗血清具有高度特异性。间接ELISA方法检测樱桃病叶,结果呈阳性,与RT-PCR检测结果一致。表明制备的抗血清可用于感病樱桃样品中CVA的检测。     

烟草丛顶病毒ORF1蛋白的多克隆抗体制备及应用

PCR扩增烟草丛顶病毒(Tobacco bushy top virus,TBTV)的ORF1序列并克隆到原核表达载体pEHISTEV中,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta菌株经IPTG诱导表达TBTV ORF1蛋白。利用切胶纯化的ORF1蛋白免疫新西兰大耳白兔制备并获得抗血清,间接ELISA检测效价为1:24 3000。经抗原亲和纯化从抗血清中得到特异性和灵敏度俱佳的ORF1多克隆抗体。Western blot分析显示,TBTV ORF1多克隆抗体既可以检测田间发病的烟草丛顶病样品中ORF1蛋白,也可检测在体内和体外翻译体系中的TBTV ORF1蛋白的表达。另外发现ORF2蛋白以ORF1延长蛋白的形式存在,根据ORF1和ORF2的重叠情况及潜在的七核苷酸滑动序列和下游的稳定二级结构,推测此ORF1延长蛋白是移码翻译产物。     

辣椒轻斑驳病毒cp基因的原核表达及抗血清制备

辣椒轻斑驳病毒(Pepper mild mottle virus,PMMoV)属于烟草花叶病毒属,是辣椒的重要病毒种类之一。将PMMoV的外壳蛋白(cp)基因克隆至原核表达载体pET32a(+)中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,重组PMMoV CP蛋白以可溶形式表达,纯化后获得分子量约35 kDa的融合CP蛋白。以该重组蛋白为抗原免疫新西兰兔制备了PMMoV CP特异性抗血清。Western blot检测结果表明该抗血清与重组CP蛋白发生强烈的免疫反应,间接酶联免疫吸附测定(ID-ELISA)结果显示该抗血清针对重组CP蛋白的效价达1∶25 600,针对PMMoV病汁液的效价达1∶4 000,检测灵敏度为1∶3 200,且该抗血清不与PMMoV同属或不同属的其它6种病毒汁液发生免疫反应,具有较好的特异性。利用该抗血清对42份田间辣椒病样进行检测,阳性率达38%,与进口商品化试剂盒检测结果一致,说明该抗血清可用于PMMoV的ELISA诊断。     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒cp基因的原核表达及抗血清制备

 采用RT-PCR方法克隆了黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒辽宁分离物(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus Liaoning isolate, CGMMV-LN)的cp基因并连接到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-3和pET-22b (+)上, 将获得的重组子pGEX-4T-3-CGMMV CP和pET-22b (+)-CGMMV CP转化大肠杆菌BL21后用IPTG进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE和W estern blot分析表明, cp基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达, 融合蛋白分子量分别为43.8 kDa和17.3 kDa。将17.3 kDa融合蛋白纯化后免疫家兔, 制备了CGMMV特异性抗血清, 抗原包被间接ELISA法(ACP-ELISA)测定抗血清的效价为1/20 000。     

苹果茎痘病毒外壳蛋白的原核表达及抗血清制备

利用基因重组技术将苹果茎痘病毒Applestempittingvirus(ASPV)完整cp基因在大肠杆菌中表达,以纯化蛋白为抗原免疫新西兰兔制备其抗血清,并采用ACP-ELISA法测定其效价和应用PAS-ELISA法对其抗血清的有效性进行初步鉴定。结果显示,cp基因获得了高效表达,表达产物与Anti-His抗体产生特异性免疫反应。制备的抗血清具有较强的特异性,效价为1:800。PAS-ELISA检测结果显示,9个苹果样品中有8个样品与RT-PCR检测结果一致,仅1个样品RT-PCR检测为阳性,而PAS-ELISA检测为阴性。表明所制备的抗血清具有一定的应用潜力。     

马铃薯X病毒运动蛋白基因的原核表达、抗血清制备及应用

构建马铃薯X病毒运动蛋白(P25)原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中诱导表达融合蛋白,所表达的P25蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳纯化后免疫小鼠,抗血清效价为1∶4000,抗血清与PVX有特异性反应(P/N>2),且具有较强的反应特异性,而与PVY、TMV均不发生反应.该方法制备的抗血清可用于ELISA检测PVX感病植株及Western blot检测转基因植株.     

香蕉束顶病毒海口分离物Rep基因的克隆、原核表达、抗血清制备及检测

［目的］ 对香蕉束顶病毒(Banana bunchy top virus,BBTV)海口分离物起始蛋白(replication initiation proteins, Rep)基因进行克隆、原核表达、抗血清制备,为BBTV有效的检测及分子流行病学等研究奠定基础。［方法］ 以海口地区染病香蕉幼嫩假茎和叶片的总DNA为模板,通过PCR技术克隆BBTV海口分离物的起始蛋白基因,连接到表达载体并进行大肠杆菌原核表达,制备高效价特异性抗血清。［结果］ 应用PCR方法从染毒香蕉幼嫩假茎和叶片总DNA中扩增复制rep基因,回收目的片段后经酶切,获得了含BBTV Rep基因的重组质粒pET32b Rep。将重组质粒转化E.coli BL21(DE3),经不同的时间、温度及IPTG浓度优化,12% SDS PAGE电泳分析,在20 ℃、0.1 mmol/L IPTG条件诱导4h,最终获得大量的可溶性融合蛋白。将可溶性蛋白上清液经Ni2+ NTA亲和层析柱纯化,得到高纯度的融合蛋白。用纯化后的融合蛋白免疫家兔,获得了BBTV Rep蛋白抗血清。以融合蛋白做抗原,间接ELISA法测定抗血清效价大于125 000。以田间样品做抗原时,结果表明抗血清最佳工作浓度为1∶1 000。Western blot鉴定结果表明抗血清能与融合蛋白特异性结合。［结论］ 利用Rep基因制备的特异性抗血清在BBTV病毒粒体的组装机制研究及病毒病诊断上具有重要的应用价值。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

Diagnostics,genetic diversity and pathogenic variation of ascochyta blight of cool season food and feed legumes

Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.     

Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.     

Tumours of Begonia and some other ornamentals,induced by Corynebacterium fascians

In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.