麦蛾茧蜂性比与寄主的关系

以印度谷螟幼虫为寄主测定麦蛾茧蜂的性比得知,茧蜂在大寄主上产卵多,子代雄性比低。母蜂能根据寄主大小主动控制产卵的性别。     

寄主烟草粉螟冷藏对麦蛾茧蜂适合度的影响

为评估在5℃条件下冷藏不同时间的寄主烟草粉螟Ephestia elutella对麦蛾茧蜂Habrobracon hebetor适合度的影响，利用年龄-龄期两性生命表评估麦蛾茧蜂在0、15、30和60 d不同冷藏时间烟草粉螟上的发育历期、存活率、繁殖力、种群参数、麻痹率参数、种群数量和麻痹潜能。结果表明，在冷藏30 d的烟草粉螟上，麦蛾茧蜂成虫前期较短，存活率、平均繁殖力和雌成虫比例均最高；内禀增长率、周限增长率和净增殖率等种群参数均优于其他3个冷藏处理；净麻痹率、稳定麻痹率和周限麻痹率等麻痹率参数与其他冷藏处理间均无显著差异，但转化率（0.36）显著低于对照（0.39）和冷藏60 d处理（0.40）。预测结果显示在冷藏30 d的烟草粉螟上麦蛾茧蜂种群数量和麻痹潜能均最大，分别为3 587 837 818头和539 670 155头。表明麦蛾茧蜂能在冷藏60 d内的烟草粉螟上完成整个世代周期，而冷藏30 d的烟草粉螟最有利于麦蛾茧蜂的规模化繁殖，建议以冷藏30 d的烟草粉螟为寄主繁育麦蛾茧蜂。     

麦蛾茧蜂防治粉斑螟的防控潜力评价

为了明确麦蛾茧蜂对粉斑螟的防控潜能,研究了在30℃和相对湿度75％条件下,以粉斑螟为自然寄主连续饲养的第1世代、第20世代、第40世代、第60世代、第80世代的麦蛾茧蜂对末龄粉斑螟幼虫的功能反应模型,评估了实仓空间中麦蛾茧蜂对粉斑螟幼虫的实际控制能力和持续防治潜能.结果表明,不同世代的麦蛾茧蜂对末龄粉斑螟幼虫的功能反应...     

麦蛾茧蜂的应用研究

麦蛾茧蜂是仓库害虫粉斑螟等幼虫的天敌。在温州,一年发生13—14代该蜂生活周期短,7—8天可繁殖一代,成蜂寿命长(233.5天),繁殖量大,单雌最多能繁殖276只幼蜂。成虫与蛹能耐低温,在4—8℃下,可保存1个月。成蜂能攻击深层粮堆内的寄主,一般寄生率78.7—91.6％。放蜂期间可掌握在仓虫发蛾高峰后10～15天,根据试验结果,认为此蜂有利用价值。     

麦蛾柔茧蜂对田间棉铃虫和玉米螟的防治效果

利用天敌资源防治害虫是有害生物综合治理的核心内容.我国利用赤眼蜂（Trichogramma）防治农林害虫的面积每年约67万～100万hm^2,但由于影响因素较多,效果不够稳定,需和其它措施配合进行综合防治.乌兹别克斯坦利用赤眼蜂和麦蛾柔茧蜂（Habrobracon hebetor Say）防治棉铃虫的面积每年可达130多万hm^2.     

新疆南部棉区麦蛾柔茧蜂对田间棉铃虫的防治效果

2006年,在新疆阿克苏市进行了利用麦蛾柔茧蜂Habrobracon hebetor Say防治麦田第一代棉铃虫和棉田第二代棉铃虫的田间试验。结果显示,在麦田按500头/亩的量释放麦蛾柔茧蜂,可使麦田棉铃虫幼虫的虫口减退57．7%;化蛹量较对照减少0．56头/m~2。在棉田按700头/亩的量释放麦蛾茧蜂,对棉铃虫幼虫的麻痹率是50．73%,对棉铃虫的防效达65．96%。     

麦蛾茧蜂的离体培养

将含昆虫血淋巴、鸡蛋黄和牛奶的培养液用帕拉玢膜加工成小囊状“人工幼虫”,将寄生在大蜡螟幼虫体表接近孵化的麦蛾茧蜂卵,移到“人工幼虫”上培养。麦蛾茧蜂完成从卵到成虫离体发育,幼虫存活率、化蛹率和成虫羽化率分别为72％、48％和24％。     

麦蛾茧蜂对米蛾功能反应的研究

研究了麦蛾茧蜂对米蛾的功能反应.结果表明,在26 1℃,RH 60%～80%,光周期为L:D=14 h:10 h的条件下,麦蛾茧蜂对米蛾的功能反应符合 Holling 圆盘方程Ⅱ型,其模型为Na=1.078N/(1 0.109 1N).麦蛾茧蜂最大寄生量和最佳寻找密度分别为9.88头和4.75头.麦蛾茧蜂寻找效应随米蛾密度和蜂自身密度的增加而降低,其数学模型分别为:E=1.078/(1 0.109 1N)和E=0.295 P-0A012.相互干扰反应模型为:E=0.47 P-0592.以上模型为正确评价麦蛾茧蜂控制米蛾的作用提供了科学依据.     

麦蒲螨寄生麦蛾柔茧蜂初报

本文对麦蒲螨Pyemotes tritici(Lagreze-Fossat et Montagne)侵染印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)和麦蛾柔茧蜂Habrobracon hebetor(Say,1836)的症状进行了扼要的记述,同时介绍了该螨的主要寄主及分布情况。这是该螨寄生麦蛾柔茧蜂的首次报道。     

桔小实蝇及其寄生性天敌——前裂长管茧蜂饲养方法

系统介绍了桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)室内饲养的设备、步骤、技术要点、人工饲料配方及环境要求,并以桔小实蝇为寄主,实现了桔小实蝇幼虫-蛹期寄生性天敌前裂长管茧蜂Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead)的室内大量繁殖,为进一步利用该蜂防治桔小实蝇打下了良好的基础。     

Comparative biology and life table of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at five constant temperatures

Habrobracon hebetor Say is an ectoparasitoid that has been used as a control agent of various lepidopteran pests. Temperature-dependent life table and thermal characteristics of H. hebetor are important in understanding the dynamics of host–parasitoid relationships and for optimizing biocontrol programmes. The influence of five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) on the biology of H. hebetor when parasitizing Anagasta kuehniella Zeller was studied. The survival rate of immature stages increased from 16.67% to 83.81% as temperature increased from 15 to 30 °C and then decreased at 35 °C. Total development time ranged from 45.70 days at 15 °C to 7.10 days at 35 °C. The lower temperature threshold for immature stages varied slightly around a value of 11–12 °C. The net reproductive rate (R₀) values were significantly different among temperatures and the highest value was found at 30 °C (85.10). The high survival rate and net reproductive rate combined with a relatively short generation time at 30 °C resulted in the intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) being highest (0.312 d^?1) at this temperature. Considering the acquired results, the temperature range between 25 and 30 °C was optimal for H. hebetor.     

烟蚜茧蜂种内寄主识别与内部竞争

为明确寄生桃蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)的单性内寄生蜂烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead的种内识别与内部竞争,研究测定不同寄主密度对烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂卵的分布影响,以及不同产卵时间间隔对自身和同种寄主识别、种内内部竞争的影响。结果显示,烟蚜茧蜂在寄主密度为30头以下时,过寄生率高于31.16%;而寄主密度为50头以上时,过寄生率低于6.64%。在24 h以上的产卵时间间隔下,烟蚜茧蜂的自身过寄生率高于37.04%,而同种过寄生率在22.45%~25.93%之间;而且龄期较高的幼虫在种内内部竞争中获胜的概率高于72.00%。表明烟蚜茧蜂在低寄主密度下倾向于过寄生,在高寄主密度下有避免过寄生的趋势;烟蚜茧蜂倾向于自身过寄生,而对同种过寄生表现出一种产卵限制;在烟蚜茧蜂的种内内部竞争中,龄期较高的幼虫一般具有优势。     

Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) on citrus: Seasonal abundance, association with the species of host plant, and sampling indices

Samples were collected from southern Greece during 1996–2000 in order to investigate the presence of parasitoids onAphis gossypii Glover infesting several citrus species. The species of aphidiines found to have a significantly different preference forA. gossypii wereAphidius colemani Viereck,Aphidius matricariae Haliday,Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh),Ephedrus persicae Froggat,Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson),Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall) andBinodoxys angelicae (Haliday). In another sampling experiment, the relative abundance of aphidiine parasitoids on aphids infesting orange and tangerine trees was studied in southern Greece (Nea Kios) in 1996 and 1997.A. gossypii constituted the largest part of the aphid population and was the only species parasitized.B. angelicae andA. colemani were the most abundant parasitoid species. The parasitization rate differed among the parasitoid species.B. angelicae had the highest colonization rate in centrally located and large host (A. gossypii) groups, whereasA. colemani was found in more isolated and relatively small host groups. The percentage of parasitism byB. angelicae was high mainly in large host groups, whenB. angelicae was the only parasitoid present. However, in cases of coexistence ofB. angelicae withA. colemani with hyperparasitoids, in the same sampling unit, the percentage of parasitism was relatively low. http://www.phytoparasitica.org     

不同花色菊花品种上西花蓟马种群密度及雌雄性比

为明确不同花色菊花品种上西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis发生情况及种群变化规律,利用蓝色粘虫板调查了大棚种植的7种单色(黄色、橙色、白色、绿色、粉色、紫色、红色)以及4种双色(黄绿、黄红、白绿、黄白)菊花品种上不同时期西花蓟马的种群密度及雌雄性比。结果表明,根据四分位法得到西花蓟马的发生早期与菊花苗期重合,主要发生期与菊花开花期重合,发生晚期为切花后生长期。在所有单色菊花品种中,西花蓟马在黄色菊花品种上的种群密度最高,主要发生期虫口密度达19.98头/板;且雌雄性比最大,为5.85,显著高于其它单色菊花品种上的雌雄性比。在所有双色菊花品种中,黄绿菊花品种上的西花蓟马种群密度最高,主要发生期虫口密度达26.89头/板,显著高于其它双色菊花品种上数量,且雌雄性比也最大,为6.87。菊花开花是导致西花蓟马种群迅速上升和种群中雌虫比例迅速增加的主要原因,且西花蓟马偏好为害与黄色花色相关的菊花品种。     

Description ofPauesia (Pauesia)anatolica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) sp. nov., a parasitoid of the cedar aphidCinara cedri

The first parasitoid species reared from a population of the cedar aphid,Cinara cedri Mimeur, 1935 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), from the peninsula of Anatolia in Turkey is described.Pauesia anatolica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) is closely related to some species of thelaricis group ofPauesia from which it differs in the number of antenomers, the propodeum and features of the female genitalia. Its potential use as a natural enemy in areas where the aphid has been introduced is discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 28, 2005.     

Effects of the relative time of emergence and the density of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) on corn (Zea mays) yield

Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) is one of the world's worst weeds. In order to study the competitive potential of single‐cross 704 corn (Zea mays) in competition with common lambsquarters at different relative times of emergence and density levels of the weed, an experiment was conducted in 2006 at the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. This experiment was designed as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The emergence time of the weed was considered at three levels (7 days and 14 days earlier than corn and simultaneously with corn) as the main plot, while the density of the weed was considered at six levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 plants per m²) as the subplot. The results showed a decrease in the grain yield and biomass of corn, as the emergence time of corn was delayed in comparison with the weed in a way that the maximum reduction was observed at the earlier emergence of the weed, compared to corn, and also at a high density of the weed. As the weed emerged earlier than corn, the rate of yield loss resulting from the first flush of weeds was not that high. However, with every few days that the weed emerged earlier than corn, the rate of yield loss became higher as the density of the weed increased to its maximum. The maximum reduction in the yield components was observed at 14 days earlier emergence of the weed, compared to corn, and at high densities, as the corn plants were overshadowed by the weed canopy and no ear was produced.     

营养和寄主密度对斑痣悬茧蜂搜寻行为的影响

以斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫为寄主,观察了不同补充营养处理（饥饿、饲喂清水、饲喂30%糖水）和寄主密度等因素对斑痣悬茧蜂Meteorus pulchricornis的搜寻效率和寄生选择行为的影响。结果显示,不同寄主密度对斑痣悬茧蜂的搜寻效率和选择偏好有显著影响,寄生蜂明显倾向于选择高密度寄主斑块。未发现补充营养显著影响斑痣悬茧蜂的搜寻时间,说明补充营养对斑痣悬茧蜂的搜寻效率没有显著影响,但对其寄生的寄主数量具有显著影响,在5头.叶-1与15头.叶-1的寄主斑块之间具有显著差异。     

A survey of aphid parasitoids in Kahramanmaras,Turkey (Hymenoptera: Braconidae,Aphidiinae; and Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

A list of aphid parasitoids found in a survey conducted between 1999 and 2001 in Kahramanmaras Province of Turkey is presented. Nineteen taxa of aphid parasitoids were found on 30 hosts.Pauesia picta (Haliday) is reported for the first time from Turkey. Two check-lists are presented, by host aphids and by plant species. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting April 30, 2004.