联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的毒力测定及田间防效

用Potter喷雾法测定了联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的室内毒力, 并通过田间药效试验评价了联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果。结果表明, 联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的LC50 为95.37 mg/L、对照药剂哒螨灵的LC50 为228.09 mg/L, 联苯肼酯的毒力为哒螨灵的2.39倍。2011-2012年田间药效试验表明, 药后1 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂165、195、239 mg/kg处理的防效为50%~60%, 明显低于15%哒螨灵乳油75 mg/kg处理的防效; 药后3 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂239 mg/kg处理的防效达到75%以上, 与15%哒螨灵乳油的防效相当; 药后15 d, 195、239 mg/kg处理的防效为88.63%~91.23%, 显著高于15%哒螨灵乳油的防效。本试验表明, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂对柑橘全爪螨的速效性较差, 但持效期长, 药效可持续15 d, 是防治柑橘全爪螨的较好药剂之一。     

33%阿维菌素·螺螨酯悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨药效试验

为明确33%阿维菌素·螺螨酯SC对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果和使用剂量,开展了田间药效试验。结果表明,在柑橘花期喷施33%阿维菌素·螺螨酯SC防治红柑橘全爪螨,施药后为害状定型后(施药后20 d),剂量浓度为60~66 mg/kg最优,防效最高达95.49%,且持效性长,与对照药剂1.8%阿维菌素EC和240 g/L螺螨酯SC的防效差异极显著,对全爪螨有较好的防治效果。     

柴油及其与阿维菌素复配对柑橘全爪螨卵的作用

室内测定了柴油对柑橘全爪螨卵的毒力及其与阿维菌素复配植物油基新型乳油的杀卵作用。结果表明,柴油对柑橘全爪螨卵的LC50为2790.39μg/mL;两种柴油与阿维菌素复配新型乳油1000、750和500倍液3种浓度下的杀卵率均高于90%,其中添加了印楝油的复配剂3浓度的杀卵率与对照药剂24%螺虫乙酯SC 3000倍液相当。     

二甲氧香酯对柑橘全爪螨的毒力测定及田间防效

利用玻片浸渍法测定了二甲氧香酯对柑橘全爪螨的室内毒力,并严格按照田间药效规范,开展田间药效试验评价了5％二甲氧香酯EC对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果.结果 表明,处理48 h后,二甲氧香酯及其制剂LC50分别为174 mg/L和114 mg/L,其对柑橘全爪螨的毒力是螺螨酯原药的1.61倍和2.46倍.田间药效结果表明,施药后...     

240g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨试验

用240g/L螺螨酯SC对柑橘全爪螨进行了防治试验。结果表明:在柑橘全爪螨卵孵化盛期至若螨低龄期施用240g/L螺螨酯SC,药后20d防效最高,可达96.12%,对柑橘全爪螨均有较好的防治效果,且试验药剂对柑橘安全,其防治柑橘全爪螨推荐使用浓度为60mg/kg。     

联苯肼酯和氟啶虫胺腈混配对朱砂叶螨和桑粉虱的防效

为筛选出对朱砂叶螨和桑粉虱均具防治作用的杀虫(螨)剂,通过共毒因子法和共毒系数法摸索联苯肼酯和氟啶虫胺腈的增效配比,发现两者以有效成分质量比5.25∶330和4.5∶440混配对朱砂叶螨的增效作用最大,LC50分别为53.35、52.86 mg/L,共毒系数分别为120.41、120.61.通过田间药效试验也验证了这两...     

新型杀螨剂乙唑螨腈对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果

柑橘全爪螨是中国柑桔产区危害最严重的害虫,其抗药性产生极为迅速,抗药性水平越来越高,新型杀螨剂推出使用3年～5年后,防效很快下降。乙唑螨腈是我国自主研发的一种新型高效杀螨剂,与现有杀螨剂之间没有交互抗性,抗性风险较低,是比较理想的轮换杀螨剂。为了更好地合理使用该杀螨剂,延长其使用寿命,经济、安全、有效地控制柑橘螨害,确保柑橘优质高产,阐述了乙唑螨腈杀螨剂的科学防治方法和使用过程中的注意事项。     

240克/升螺螨酯悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验

试验结果表明,240g/L螺螨酯SC4000倍液、5000倍液对柑橘全爪螨防治效果好,持效期长,药后40d防效仍达到90.50%以上,最差的240g/L螺螨酯SC6000倍用药后40d防效也达到86%以上,加上对果树的叶、花、果比较安全,240g/L螺螨酯可以生产中推广应用。     

三种杀螨剂对山楂叶螨的毒力评价

为筛选出高效防治山楂叶螨Amphitetranychus viennensis Zacher的杀螨剂,利用玻片浸渍法和叶片残毒法测定了3种杀螨剂对其3种螨态的室内毒力,并对不同浓度杀螨剂的田间防效进行了测定。结果表明:240 g/L螺螨酯、110 g/L乙螨唑和43%联苯肼酯中仅联苯肼酯对山楂叶螨雌成螨有毒力,其LC50为37.65 mg/L;3种杀螨剂均能毒杀卵及幼螨,毒力大小依次为乙螨唑联苯肼酯螺螨酯;同一杀螨剂对幼螨的毒力均高于对卵的毒力。240 g/L螺螨酯和110 g/L乙螨唑对山楂叶螨的总体防效较好,除螺螨酯4 000倍液处理的防效在药后30 d达到最大97.11%外,其余各处理均在药后15 d达到最大,防效为88.76%~96.14%;但二者速效性较差,药后1~7 d防效均低于对照;而螺螨酯4 000、5 000倍液处理及乙螨唑5 000倍液处理的持效性较好,药后30 d防效仍有97.11%、90.90%和93.06%,均显著高于对照。43%联苯肼酯对山楂叶螨的总体防效在3种杀螨剂中最高,其1 800、2 500倍液处理分别在药后7 d和3 d时防效达到最大99.79%和98.64%;1~7 d防效为97.45%~99.79%,显著高于其余杀螨剂和对照;30 d时防效分别达98.14%和96.19%,速效性和持效性均较好。表明螺螨酯和乙螨唑对山楂叶螨的持效性较好,联苯肼酯则有良好的速效性和持效性,可以按照其不同特点推广应用。     

7种药剂对柑橘全爪螨的室内毒力及田间防效

柑橘全爪螨是重要的柑橘害虫之一, 对多种化学农药已产生抗性。为合理选择防治药剂, 更好地防治该害虫, 本研究选择7种药剂采用改进浸叶法对柑橘全爪螨雌成螨进行了室内毒力测定, 并参照农药田间药效试验准则开展了田间药效试验。研究结果表明, 7种药剂对柑橘全爪螨的毒力从大到小依次为乙唑螨腈(0.818 mg/L)、丁氟螨酯(4.645 mg/L)、印楝素(4.878 mg/L)、氟啶胺(16.844 mg/L)、哒螨灵(21.167 mg/L)、乙螨唑(69.834 mg/L)、螺虫乙酯(417.089 mg/L)。乙唑螨腈和丁氟螨酯的速效性好且持效期长, 对柑橘全爪螨的防效显著高于其他供试药剂, 可作为防治的首选药剂。此外, 氟啶胺对柑橘全爪螨也有较高的毒力和防效, 作为一种广谱高效的保护性杀菌剂, 可在防治柑橘病害的同时防治害螨, 病虫兼治。     

柑橘全爪螨对甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗性选育及交互抗性

通过室内抗性品系选育,研究了柑橘全爪螨对甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗性发展情况,并就其与柑橘园常用11种杀螨剂的交互抗性进行了分析。结果表明:在柑橘全爪螨19代中用甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素分别不连续汰选16次和11次后,柑橘全爪螨对两者的抗性分别为29.92和3.80倍;甲氰菊酯抗性品系(FeR)对哒螨灵、三氯杀螨醇和三唑锡产生了明显的交互抗性,阿维菌素抗性品系(AbR)对甲维盐产生了明显的交互抗性。试验结果可为柑橘全爪螨抗性治理提供参考。     

Monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and five other acaricides in Panonychus citri collected from Chinese citrus orchards

BACKGROUND: Citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is one of the most important pesticide‐resistant pests in China. In order better to understand its resistance status, six populations of the mite were collected from Chinese citrus orchards for monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and another five acaricides. RESULTS: All the samples collected in the field in 2006 were susceptible to spirodiclofen. However, the LC₅₀ values in populations sampled in 2009 ranged from 3.29 to 418.24 mg L^?1 spirodiclofen, a 127‐fold difference between the least and most sensitive populations. Compared with a susceptible strain, 50‐fold and 90.8‐fold resistance to spirodiclofen was detected in populations sampled from Pinghe and Fuzhou in 2009, as well as cross‐resistance to spirotetramat. The LC₅₀ values for abamectin, fenpropathrin, hexythiazox and pyridaben in the collected samples ranged from 0.041 to 3.52 mg L^?1, from 23.91 to 696.16 mg L^?1, from 13.94 to 334.19 mg L^?1 and from 48.90 to 609.91 mg L^?1 respectively. CONCLUSION: Great variations in resistance to the tested acaricides were observed among the sampled populations. The Pinghe population developed resistance to all the acaricides tested. The Jianning population was susceptible to most acaricides tested, except pyridaben. Resistance management strategies were conducted on the basis of these observations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

31种中草药提取物对柑橘全爪螨的杀螨活性

室内测定了31种植物的乙醇提取物对柑橘全爪螨的杀螨活性。结果表明:小茴香等4种植物的活性较高,24 h校正死亡率大于90%;藁本等7种植物的活性中等,校正死亡率为60%~90%;其余植物提取物的校正死亡率在60%以下。进一步测定了4种植物提取物对柑橘全爪螨的雌成螨和卵的触杀毒力,表明:小茴香对柑橘全爪螨的毒力最高,LC50值分别为0.065 8 g/L和144.180 5 g/L,可以作为下一步的研究对象。     

Spirodiclofen and spirotetramat bioassays for monitoring resistance in citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

BACKGROUND: Citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is a key pest of San Joaquin Valley California citrus. Spirodiclofen was registered for mite control in 2007, and spirotetramat for scale control in 2008. Because of the potential for resistance to spirodiclofen to develop in spider mites, and cross‐resistance to spirotetramat used for other citrus pests, bioassay methods for resistance monitoring were developed. RESULTS: The responses of four populations of adult female, egg and larval stages of P. citri to spirodiclofen were compared to determine the most robust bioassay method for this pesticide. Adult females responded with a higher LC₉₉ and larval stages exhibited higher control mortality and a lower slope of response compared with the egg stage. Thus, the egg stage was found to be the most suitable stage for testing. Egg production and egg shape were significantly affected by spirodiclofen treatment of adult female mites. Bioassays with the related compound spirotetramat revealed that P. citri egg hatch was less affected by this compound, requiring the assessment of mortality to be extended to 11 days after treatment when the hatched larvae succumbed to the pesticide. Discriminating concentrations of 10 ppm for spirodiclofen and 31.6 ppm for spirotetramat in an 11 day bioassay were tested against eight field populations of P. citri, and 99–100% mortality resulted. CONCLUSION: These results provide a baseline for the response of P. citri to spirodiclofen and spirotetramat that will aid resistance management in California citrus. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

橘园常用杀螨剂对巴氏钝绥螨和柑橘全爪螨的选择毒性

采用FAO(1980)推荐的玻片浸渍法,在室内测定了几种橘园常用杀螨剂对巴氏钝绥螨(Amblyseius barkeri)的毒力,并筛选出其中毒性较弱的5种杀螨剂对柑橘全爪螨(Panonychus citri)进行了毒力测定。结果表明:二甲基二硫醚、阿维菌素、甲氰菊酯等对巴氏钝绥螨有较强的毒力,橘园释放巴氏钝绥螨时,不推荐使用。5种杀螨剂对巴氏钝绥螨和柑橘全爪螨的选择性毒性为:石硫混合剂哒螨灵三唑锡阿维.炔螨特炔螨特,其中石硫合剂和哒螨灵的毒性选择指数为230.522和144.806,均介于100～1000,为高度正向选择性,表明石硫合剂、哒螨灵是用于协调化学防治与生物防治较理想的药剂。