实时超声扫描对小型母马早期怀孕的连续检查的研究

应用Ａｌｏｋａ２１０Ｆ电子扫描超声诊断装置，频率为３．０ＭＨｚ的大家畜用直肠探头，对１３匹小型母马早期怀孕的胚胎发育进行了探查，最早在排卵后１２～１６ｄ探到了胎盘，２１ｄ可见胚胎，２２ｄ可见胎心搏动，３９ｄ可见胎动，虽然脐带与尿囊膜绒毛膜的联系总是在胎囊背侧，但胎膜的发育无固定形式，因此，应每天测定胎囊直径，胚胎及胎儿的长度。     

ULTRASOUND PREDICTION OF PARTURITION IN QUEENS

Eight pregnancies in five queens were followed with serial ultrasound examinations. Measurements of head and body diameter were made throughout pregnancy. These measurements were used to produce individual growth curves for each pregnancy and average curves for both head and body diameter. Formulas based on the slope of the growth curves were derived. These formulas were then used to predict parturition dates based on single measurements of fetal head and/or body diameter in eight additional queens. Predicted date of parturition was then compared to actual queening dates. Ultrasound prediction of parturition date was accurate to within two days in seven of eight queens.     

Conservative Management of a Distal Epiphyseal Metacarpal Fracture in a Skyros Pony

Epiphyseal fracture, also known as epiphysiolysis, is the loosening or separation, either partial or complete, of an epiphysis from the shaft of a long bone. Distal epiphyseal fractures in foals pose a substantial challenge due to their guarded prognosis. This report describes the clinical signs, diagnosis, successful conservative treatment of an 1-month-old, male Skyros pony with an epiphyseal fracture of the right third metacarpal bone (type II Salter-Harris). The owner declined surgical treatment because of financial considerations along with the unfavorable prognosis. Conservative fracture treatment was pursued through external reduction and coaptation. The total duration of the conservative treatment was eighteen weeks and the foal returned to complete health.     

生长激素促进细胞增殖机理的研究进展

生长激素(growth hormone,GH)对动物的生长发育具有重要的作用,其直接或间接通过诱导胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1)促进干细胞的活化、细胞增殖和分化,并通过细胞膜受体发挥作用启动一系列信号通路.文章就生长激素对细胞增长的作用和功能进行简要概述.     

激素调控促进动物生长发育的研究

激素对机体的代谢、生长、发育、繁殖、性别、性欲和性活动等起重要的调节作用。动物机体通过各种内分泌腺分泌的激素,间接调节动物机体的活动。内分泌腺分泌的激素直接进入血液、随着血液循环到达身体各个部分,在一定的器官或组织中发生作用,从而协调动物机体新陈代谢、生长、发育、生殖及其它生理机能,使这些机能得到兴奋或抑制,使它们的活动加快或减慢。生长激素可以促进蛋白质的合成与骨的生长,甲状腺激素促进新陈代谢和生长发育,可以提高神经系统的兴奋。胰岛分泌的激素可以控制糖类代谢,调节血糖含量。性激素促进生殖器官的生长发育,维持第二性征。     

皖西白鹅与朗德鹅下丘脑-垂体-肌肉生长轴基因表达的比较

选择90日龄的皖西白鹅和朗德鹉各20只,取下丘脑、垂体、胸肌组织.采用半定量逆转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)的方法,以β-actin为内标,对下丘脑中的生长激素释放激素(GHRH)、垂体中的生长激素(GH)、肌肉组织中生长激素受体(GHR)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ型受体(IGF-1R)的mRNA表达量分别进行比较分析,并分别与鹕的胸肌重及胸肌率进行相关性分析.结果表明:皖西白鹩的屠体质量胸肌重与朗德鹩无显著差异;皖西白鹅垂体中GH的mRNA表达低于朗德鹅(P<0.05),而下丘脑中GHRH和肌肉中GHR、IGF-1、IGF-1R mRNA在两品种间无显著差异;胸肌重与IGF-1 mRNA的表达显著正相关(r=0.57,P<0.01),而与GHR、IGF-1R mRNA无显著的相关性.结果提示,鹅肌肉的生长主要取决于GH的靶机制,而与GH无关.     

不同品系本地番鸭的生长性能研究

在相同的饲养管理条件下,观测了白羽、黑羽、花羽番鸭的生长性能,以筛选生长性能最佳的番鸭品系。白羽、黑羽、花羽公番鸭14、28、42、56、70、84、98日龄的平均日增重分别为9.0、9.4、9.7g,35.8、35.6、35.9g,58.4、58.0、59.3g,62.9、68.6、65.9g,46.9、47.6、42.5g,28.1、17.9、19.9g,7.1、7.5、7.4g;14、28、42、98日龄品系间差异不显著(P>0.05);56、70、84日龄品系间差异显著(P<0.05)。母番鸭56日龄平均日增重,白羽、黑羽、花羽分别为33.5、39.4、33.2g,品系间差异显著(P<0.05)。公母间的平均日增重,14、28日龄差异不显著(P>0.05),42、56、70、84、98日龄差异极显著(P<0.01)。公、母番鸭平均日增重最大值分别出现在56、42日龄。白羽番鸭适合于作杂交利用及配套系的父本。     

Effects of a low dose infusion of racemic and S-ketamine on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex in standing ponies

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of plasma concentrations obtained by a low dose constant rate infusion (CRI) of racemic ketamine or S-ketamine on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) in standing ponies.Study designProspective, blinded, cross-over study.AnimalsSix healthy 5-year-old Shetland ponies.MethodsPonies received either 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ racemic ketamine (group RS) or 0.3 mg kg⁻¹ S-ketamine (group S) intravenously (IV), followed by a CRI of 20 μg kg⁻¹minute⁻¹ racemic ketamine (group RS) or 10 μg kg⁻¹minute⁻¹ S-ketamine (group S) for 59 minutes. The NWR was evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve before drug administration, 15 and 45 minutes after the start of the bolus injection and 15 minutes after the end of the CRI. Electromyographic responses were recorded and analysed. Arterial blood was collected before stimulation and plasma concentrations of ketamine and norketamine were measured enantioselectively using capillary electrophoresis. Ponies were video recorded and monitored to assess drug effects on behaviour, heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and respiratory rate.ResultsThe NWR was significantly depressed in group RS at plasma concentrations between 20 and 25 ng mL⁻¹ of each enantiomer. In group S, no significant NWR depression could be observed; plasma concentrations of S-ketamine (9–15 ng mL⁻¹) were lower, compared to S-ketamine concentrations in group RS, although this difference was not statistically significant. Minor changes in behaviour, HR and MAP only occurred within the first 5–10 minutes after bolus drug administration in both groups.ConclusionAntinociceptive activity in standing ponies, demonstrated as a depression of the NWR, could only be detected after treatment with racemic ketamine. S-ketamine may have lacked this effect as a result of lower plasma concentrations, a more rapid metabolism or a lower potency of S-ketamine in Equidae so further investigation is necessary.     

岔口驿马产业发展的调查与思考

我们通过对天祝县的特有马种——岔口驿马的产业发展调查进行分析,我们发现岔口驿马产业的发展所面临的巨大问题并进行深入探讨分析,并且在此基础上提出岔口驿马产业发展以及种质资源保护方面的对策,诣在为岔口驿马品种资源进行保护与利用、同时为畜牧业的健康可持续发展、进而为人类社会可持续发展提供思路。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对青年母猪子宫发育、生长激素分泌及其受体分布与表达的影响

本试验旨在研究玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对青年母猪子宫发育、生长激素(GH)分泌及其受体(GHR)分布与表达的影响.选择胎次和体重[(23.20±0.68)kg]相近的长×大二元青年母猪48头,将其随机分为4组,每组12个重复,每个重复1头.对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(T1、T2、T3组)饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添...     

Effect of Kisspeptin on Regulation of Growth Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone in Lactating Dairy Cows

Kisspeptin (KP),a neuroendocrine regulator of reproduction,is hypothesized to be an integrator of metabolism and hormones critical to the regulation of reproduction.Lactation is associated with enhanced growth hormone (GH) responsiveness and reduced fertility.Our study was designed to determine the effects of lactation on KP-stimulated GH and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion.Five nonlactating and five lactating dairy cows were used in the study.Experiments were conducted with lactating cows at weeks 1,5 and 11 after parturition.The experimental treatments (saline and KP [ 100 and 400 pmol/kg body weight] ) were given intravenously and blood was collected and plasma was stored until later assay to determine concentrations of GH,LH,progesterone and non-esterified fatty acids.We found that neither dose of KP stimulated an increase in GH secretion.The low dose of KP increased (P ＜0.05)LH concentrations only in lactating cows.The higher dose of KP elicited an increase in circulating LH concentrations in both lactating and non-lactating cows.The lower dose of KP increased ( P ＜ 0.05 ) the area under the curve for LH only in cows during week 5 of lactation,and the area under the curve of LH following the highest dose of KP was greater ( P ＜ 0.05 ) in cows during week 5 of lactation than that for the other groups of cows.In summary,lactation status and stage of lactation did not change the sensitivity of the GH system to KP.However,an effect of stage of lactation on KP-stimulated LH secretion was detected in the dairy cows.Study of the KP system during lactation in dairy cows may provide critical insights into the mechanisms for lactation-associated changes in the reproductive axis.     

生长激素激活受体机理的研究进展

生长激素(growth hormone,GH)是一种含有191个氨基酸的多肽类激素,分子质量为22 ku,由垂体前叶分泌进入血液循环,与靶细胞膜表面以二聚体形式存在的生长激素受体(growth hormone receptor,GHR)相结合。对于受体的激活来说,仅是二聚化还不够,还需在GH的诱导下发生构象变化,进而才能诱发Janus激酶2(Janus kinase 2,JAK2)的酪氨酸磷酸化,并通过4条不同的路径将信号传入细胞内,从而发挥代谢、增殖及分化等一系列生理效应。作者就生长激素与受体的结构、作用机理、信号转导通路的进展进行综述。