云南景谷县肉牛同期发情技术与可视输精枪的应用

加大肉牛产业发展,至关重要的因素就是品种如何得到优化的问题,为解决品种老化、生长缓慢、个体小、养殖效益低等问题,在云南省景谷县肉牛养殖基地开展了肉牛品种改良技术的应用。通过试验证明,应用同期发情和可视输精枪技术比普通人工授精技术的授精率提高48%,繁殖效益得到提高。说明此技术的应用将对整个肉牛产业发展的增量扩群、降低养殖成本、提高养殖效益、增加农民收入、助推产业发展具有重要意义。     

景谷县肉牛育肥精料对比试验

为对比验证圈内育肥牛育肥期使用云南省龙谷生物科技有限公司的"崔牛"牌饲料和云南省普洱市景谷县正宏肉牛养殖专业合作社自加工配制的育肥精料效果,景谷县正宏肉牛养殖专业养殖合作社进行了"崔牛"牌611精补料和自加工配制精补料(75%玉米+7%豆粕+8%麦麸+5%其它)对比育肥效果试验,目的为肉牛养殖规模场(户)提供选用肉牛育肥料的科学依据。     

河南肉牛产业可持续发展之路

发展肉牛业,提高草食家畜比重,有利于合理调整农业生产结构、发展农业循环经济,有利于保障国家食品安全,有利于促进农牧民养殖增收。养牛业是河南传统的优势产业。多年来,河南以牛的品种资源及饲草饲料资源开发利用为基础,以规模化、标准化肉牛养殖为载体,以秸秆养畜示范县、现代肉牛产业开发等项目为抓手,以肉牛加工、产业化开发为龙头带动,统筹规划,强化措施,促进了河南肉牛产业的持续健康发展：     

杭锦后旗加快推进肉牛产业发展

<正>发展肉牛产业,提高草食家畜比重,有利于食物安全,有利于合理调整农业生产结构,有利于增加农民收入,有利于发展农业循环经济。近年来,内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市杭锦后旗立足丰富的饲草资源和悠久的养殖传统优势,提出了建设全区肉牛养殖基地旗的目标,     

姚安县肉牛产业发展的现状及对策

姚安县立足本县饲草丰富,发展肉牛产业争地矛盾小、养殖难度小、消费需求大、农作物副产物利用潜力足的优势,把肉牛产业确定为"一县一业"进行集中打造、全力培植;为实现年肉牛存栏20万头,出栏10万头,产值超过20亿元,农民人均养殖1头牛增收1万元,把姚安创建成云南省"一县一业"肉牛产业示范县,打造"中国姚安肉牛产业基地"品牌的目标,本文就分析了姚安县肉牛产业的发展优势、存在问题,提出解决问题的对策。     

玉溪市肉牛产业发展现状、存在问题及建议

为了解玉溪市肉牛产业发展情况,通过调查玉溪市9个县(市、区)的肉牛养殖现状,分析了存在的问题,并提出相应的措施和建议,为促进玉溪市肉牛产业的高质量发展提供参考。     

全国肉牛优势区域布局规划

发展肉牛业,提高草食家畜比重,有利于合理调整农业生产结构、发展农业循环经济,有利于保障国家食物安全,有利于促进农牧民养殖增收。为发挥区域比较优势和资源优势,加快优势区域肉牛产业的发展和壮大,构筑现代肉牛生产体系,进一步提高牛肉产品市场供应保障能力和国际市场竞争力,农业部特制定并发布《全国肉牛优势区域布局规划(2008-2015年)》。我们希望,在规划区域内的农民朋友要抓住国家大力支持发展肉牛业的有利时机,多养牛,养好牛,早日实现致富奔小康!为此,特将这个规划文件摘编转发。     

浅谈借鉴山东阳信经验，推进我市肉牛产业发展——山东阳信肉牛产业发展给我市带来的启示

<正>我省为实现乡村振兴战略、促进农业高质高效、农民富裕富足,全面启动实施了“秸秆变肉”暨千万头肉牛建设工程。在此背景下,蛟河市作为全省重点支持的肉牛大县之一,肉牛产业也是我市畜牧产业发展中的一个传统优势产业,可以说是有资源,有基础,有潜力。借鉴阳信县肉牛产业发展经验,将肉牛产业打造成支撑乡村振兴的优势产业和富民强市的支柱产业,需要我市进一步做有益的探索和实践。1阳信县肉牛产业发展基本情况及经验“十二五”末期,阳信县制定了《做好“牛”文章,富民强县奔小康》的产业发展规划。经过“十三五”的努力,全县8个乡镇中50%以上成为肉牛养殖专业乡镇、70%以上村成为养牛专业村,成立了236个肉牛养殖专业合作社,被评为全国农业标准化肉牛示范县。阳信县规模以上肉牛屠宰企业76家,其中国家级农业产业化龙头企业1家、省级8家、市级18家,列全国县级第一位,肉牛产业总产值达到550亿元,成为名副其实的中国第一“牛”县,其发展肉牛产业的经验主要有以下几点。     

上思县肉牛产业发展情况调研报告

<正>为扭转农业产业的"弱势"地位,促使传统养殖向现代养殖提升,促进粗放型农业向品牌型农业提升,实现农民养殖增收,广西防城港市上思县从2015年开始大力推动肉牛产业发展。为了解产业的推进情况,2016年8月通过召开座谈研讨会、深入企业、深入村屯、深入农户等多种形式对上思县肉牛的养殖情况进行深入调研。本调研报告着重分析、探讨当前上思县肉牛产业的发展现状、发展     

贵州肉牛业发展现状及展望

贵州有温和的气候、充沛的雨量、428.7万hm^2（公顷）牧草山地、430万头黄牛,为发展肉牛产业提供了良好的先决条件.目前全省在大面积开展肉牛杂交改良,发展农村养殖小区,肉牛产业已经迈入起步阶段.随着优质肉牛基地县建设项目和省科技攻关重大专项的实施,我省肉牛产业将在5年左右形成一定规模,养殖技术水平将有明显的提高.从而认为,贵州肉牛产业正在进入快速发展阶段.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein