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1.
INTRODUCTlONThemixcdbroad-leaved/Pinuskor`IiensiSforestwhichisoneofthemainforestsofNortheastChina,isintlleCllangbaiMountail1s(JilinProvince)a11dtheXiaoxing'anMotu1-tains(inHeilonroIangProvince).Thisistl1empicalmixcddeciduous/co11iferforestvegcta-tionofthcarca.But,duetocuttingandanunbalancebctWeenharvesti11gandanntlalin-crement,themixedbroad-leaved/PinuSko-raiensIjforestsha1,ebeenreplacedwithsec-ondaryforests(includingthelargearPaofsecondaryforestleftfrol11thepast)sinceltsclearcutti… 相似文献
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Chemical and biochemical analysis methods were used to monitor the variations of nitrogen nutrient among the dominance trees
species in secondary succession process of the mixed broad -leaved/Korean pine forest on Changbai Mountains, Northeast China.
Amounts of total nitrogen, ammonium and NRA in soils of virgin broad-leaved/Korean pine forest which is in climax were higher
than those ofsecondary birch forests those are in succession stage. The amount of nitrate was in the other hand. In climax,
dominance trees species are tolerant mesophytic trees such asPinus Koraiensis, Tilia amurensis, Acer mono and alsoFraxinus mandshurica, they are all ammonium + nitrate adapted species, but they show a preference for the ammonium rather than those of the pioneer
trees species in secondary birch forest, such asPopulus davidiava andBetula platyphylla. Because they have more ammonium in their leaves and roots, especiallyPinus koraiensis. Populus davidvana andBetula platyphlla are intolerant trees, amounts of nitrate and total nitrogen is higher in their leaves and roots and also NRA in their leaves,
so they preference for the nitrate rather than the others. In secondary birch forest, the regeneration trees species adapt
their nitrogen nutrient to the variation of nitrogen nutrient situation in soil, finally they could survival well and the
secondary birch forest would succession to climax. In climax, dominance trees species adapt their Nitrogen nutrient to the
situation in soil and there are not strong competition in nitrogen nutrient among them, so they can coexist well and keep
the climax as stable vegetation. 相似文献
3.
金沟岭林场阔叶红松林结构特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对金沟岭林场阔叶红松过伐林直径结构、重要值、分布格局以及存活曲线进行了分析。结果表明:①林分直径结构呈反\"J\"型,表现出了异龄林的特征,经不同分布函数拟合结果显示,对数函数、逆函数、二次函数、三次函数、复合函数、幂函数、生长函数、指数函数、逻辑函数都符合直径分布规律,R2>0.922、显著性水平P≈0,其中逆函数和三次函数的R2达到了0.976和0.971;②主要树种中,红松的重要值最大,其次为椴树、色木和杂木,冷杉的重要值最小;③林分分布格局为聚集分布,经显著性检验差异显著;不同树种分布格局有所不同,红松、杂木和色木为聚集分布,经显著性检验差异极显著,其它树种为随机分布;④主要树种存活曲线经线性回归,红松和色木存在显著的相关关系,椴树、云杉、冷杉不存在线性相关关系。 相似文献
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IntroductionAgestructureoftrees,whichreflcctsrcge11eratio11processandvelocity,meansquantityoftreesdividingbyage.Broad-leavedKoreanpineforestwastl1etypicalzol1alvegetationofChangbaiMountaininNortheastO1ina,anditwastheprimarygymnospermconununitysurvivedaftertheQuatemaryGlacierPeriod.Alotofcommunityinf`)r-mationaccumulatCdinthestr-uctllreofforeststandsa11dgrowingprocessofindividualtrees.So,athoroughstUdyonagestructureanditsdistributiol1ofbroad-leavedKore-anpine.forestwouldprovidetl1eoretical… 相似文献
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长白山阔叶红松林早春植物生长特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以长白山阔叶红松林下的早春植物为对象,对其生长发育过程、生长环境特点、生物量及其群落学特征进行研究,结果表明:长白山阔叶红松林下早春植物有12种2变种,相对重要的前10种依次为黑水银莲花、朝鲜银莲花、顶冰花、多被银莲花、东北延胡索、侧金盏花、五福花、全缘叶延胡索、大人字果、线叶延胡索;早春植物生长发育需凉爽、湿润、光照充足的环境条件,其生长发育过程与上层林冠有密切关系。长白山阔叶红松林下早春植物总生物量为395.83 kg·hm-2,其中,地上部分生物量为135.26 kg·hm-2,占总生物量的34.17%;地下部分生物量为260.57 kg·hm-2,占65.83%,总密度为272.65万株·hm-2。早春植物在森林生态系统物质循环、能量流动方面具有重要作用。 相似文献
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对长白山阔叶红松林的林隙环境状况、林隙内物种种间关系进行了研究。结果表明:林隙与林内物种丰富度不同,乔木物种丰富度略高于林内,而灌木和草本物种丰富度则明显高于林内;林隙内物种种间关系多数呈负相关,极显著正相关(P<0.01)和显著正相关(P<0.05)种对数较少(乔、灌、草),极显著负相关(P<0.01)和显著负相关(P<0.05)种对数也较少(乔)或没有(灌、草),物种间主要表现为竞争关系;林隙中小气候状况发生了显著改变,光照强度和空气温度显著高于林内(P<0.01),空气相对湿度和地温变化规律也表现出显著变化。 相似文献
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lNTRODUCTloNKorcanpincforcst'asaclimaxofcastlnounta1nsinNortheast-isalt\"a}simportantobjcctforforcstcrstostlld}.AIthougllman}'cxpcrtsllax'cn1assi'cI}'stlldicdthcdy'nal11icsproccssofKorcanpincforest.thcstudlesinsolllcaspcctsstilIIackdcpth'ct'cnl1at'cgaps.Sillccslnall-dianlcterKorcanpincsplayaIinL-lllgIbrlllerandlattcrroIcinKorcanpincforcstd}'llaIl1icsproccss.tl1cstudicsaboutsn1all-dlan1ctcrKorcal1pil1cs-origlnatiol1'groY1l1cllaractcrandthcirrclatiol1stostandstnICt1Ircundoubtcd1}oflbr… 相似文献
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[目的]研究阔叶红松林中甲虫的时间动态,为阔叶红松林中甲虫保护与利用以及评价甲虫在维持森林生态系统的作用提供科学依据。[方法]2012-2013年,在甲虫成虫整个活跃期,利用飞翔拦截诱捕器并配合诱剂在阔叶红松林4个样地中采集甲虫标本,每个样地分别布设6条样带。[结果]共采集甲虫7 776头,隶属于33科239种,其中以叩甲科、隐翅虫科、露尾甲科和天牛科物种和个体数量较多,不同采集时间优势类群各不相同,叩甲科是7个采集时间的优势类群,隐翅虫科是5月下旬和8月下旬的优势类群,露尾甲科是5月下旬和6月上旬的优势类群,天牛科是7月上旬至8月下旬的优势类群。叩甲科、隐翅虫科和露尾甲科个体数在5月下旬显著高于其他时间(P<0.05),天牛科在7月上旬数量最多。时间变化对甲虫多样性各指数存在显著影响,甲虫个体数高峰期在5月下旬,且显著高于其他时间(P<0.05);物种数、多样性指数、丰富度指数的高峰在7月上旬;均匀度指数的高峰在7月下旬。物种数与丰富度指数、物种数与多样性指数具有显著的线性关系(P<0.05),物种数的增加能够使丰富度指数和多样性指数升高。[结论]随着时间的变化森林内的温度和林分因子等也会随之改变,各类群甲虫的习性差异较大,使得甲虫个体数的高峰期出现在5月下旬,随着时间的推移,部分甲虫羽化高峰的结束,甲虫的个体数量又迅速下降。随着林内温度升高和植被变得丰富,使得7月上旬甲虫的个体数又出现1个小高峰期。相对于其他类群,叩甲科与6月、隐翅虫科和露尾甲科与5月下旬、天牛科与7月和8月表现出相对较强的相关性。应用飞翔拦截诱捕器比传统采集方法能够显著提高飞翔甲虫的采集效率,这不仅丰富了甲虫研究的采集方法,而且还有助于促进甲虫多样性的深入研究。 相似文献
10.
Calculating aggregation index by the sample-plot data used to lead to computing error due to the existence of a boundary effect.
Here, we suggest a method for adjusting boundary effect in the analysis of spatial patterns at different stages of development
of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest. This method is good for the reasonable management and biological control of the forests.
The total station was used to sample the relative coordinates data at four corners of the temporary sample plot and of each
tree in the field. Based on the sampling data, a correct approach to the boundary effect on aggregation index was put forward
to the spatial pattern analysis of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest in its different stages of development. The results
showed that the forest trees grew in a clumped pattern in the stage dominated by the pioneer trees, and that the trees were
distributed in a random pattern in the stage dominated by the companion trees or in the mature stage. The spatial pattern
of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest changing from clumped to random distribution is influenced by biological characteristic,
the adaptive strategy of tree species and the natural disturbance in its entire development.
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Translated from Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 2005, 29(3): 57–60 [译自: 南京林业大学学报, 2005, 29(3): 57–60] 相似文献
11.
[目的]分析小兴安岭阔叶红松林固定样地内主要种群及掘根林隙形成木的空间格局,为本地区阔叶红松林的长期经营管理和保护提供依据。[方法]基于野外调查和数据统计,利用点格局分析方法揭示了2.55 hm2样地内重要值排在前4位的种群在不同空间尺度上的空间格局和空间关联性及掘根林隙形成木的空间格局。[结果]表明:样地内胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的乔木共有8种,种群密度差异大。种群的径级结构大体上呈非对称的单峰型曲线。重要值排在前4位的是红松、红皮云杉、白桦和榆树。红松和白桦在整个研究尺度上均为聚集分布,红皮云杉随空间尺度的变化趋势为聚集-随机-均匀分布,榆树在≤16 m尺度上为随机分布,其余尺度上为聚集分布。除红松与红皮云杉、白桦、榆树之间在小尺度呈显著负相关,以及红皮云杉与榆树在小尺度上呈显著正相关外,其余种群的空间关联性均不显著。样地内红松和红皮云杉是掘根林隙形成木的主要组成树种,掘根形成的林隙形成木空间分布格局除在3 6 m尺度上呈均匀分布外,其余研究尺度均呈随机分布。[结论]小兴安岭阔叶红松林不同种群在不同的研究尺度上空间分布格局及空间关联性存在差异,红松和红皮云杉易形成掘根倒木且整体上呈随机分布。 相似文献
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[目的]探究长白山阔叶红松林不同林层群落结构与林分生产力的关系,分析林分生产力的影响因素,为温带森林的恢复与可持续经营提供科学依据.[方法]基于长白山自然保护区阔叶红松林 40 hm2 固定监测样地2年(2014和 2019年)植被调查数据,以样地内胸径(DBH)≥5 cm的木本植物为对象,根据胸径将阔叶红松林群落划分为优势木层、亚优势木层、中等木层和被压木层,运用R4.0.3软件计算各林层物种多样性、结构多样性和林分密度,与生产力进行相关性分析并构建结构方程模型,探讨不同林层物种多样性、结构多样性和林分密度对生产力的影响.[结果]1)林分密度与生产力显著正相关(P<0.05),且相关关系随林层上升而下降.2)Pearson相关性分析结果显示,生产力与代表物种组成α多样性的香农威纳指数显著正相关(P<0.05),且随林层上升相关关系减弱;反之,代表物种组成β多样性的香农熵指数与生产力存在显著负相关(P<0.05),但该相关关系在中等木层和亚优势木层不显著.此外,物种均匀度指数与生产力显著负相关(P<0.05),相关系数随林层上升先增大后减小;胸高断面积基尼系数和胸径均匀度指数与生产力显著负相关(P<0.05),且该相关关系随林层上移而减弱,在优势木层与生产力无显著相关性.胸径香农威纳指数与生产力呈显著正相关(P<0.05),且随林层上移相关关系降低,相关系数由 0.44降至 0.31.3)不同林层林分密度对生产力均有显著影响(P<0.001),且随林层上升其作用强度逐渐降低,路径系数由 0.59降至 0.27;物种多样性在被压木层和中等木层对生产力有显著正向作用(P<0.05),在优势木层和亚优势木层对生产力无显著影响;结构多样性在被压木层和中等木层通过作用于物种多样性和林分密度间接影响林分生产力,在优势木层和亚优势木层则直接作用于林分生产力.[结论]各林层林分密度对生产力均有显著影响(P<0.05),且随林层上升对生产力的作用强度逐渐降低,群落物种多样性和结构多样性对生产力的作用方向和强弱在不同林层表现各异.深入探讨不同林层物种多样性和结构多样性以及其如何影响森林生产力,在现代森林经营管理中尤为重要. 相似文献
14.
东北地区阔叶红松林恢复的相关问题研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
东北林区现有林经营面临的首要任务是恢复阔叶红松林。栽针保阔是恢复阔叶红松林的科学理论,但还需时间的检验并不断完善。天保工程的实施为提高现有林生产力、恢复阔叶红松林提供了历史机遇,但在实施过程中还存在诸多问题,需要转变观念,正确认识。以近自然森林经营理论为指导,适当发展红松人工林具有重要意义,落叶松人工林可以通过人为诱导向阔叶红松林发展。传统意义上的封山育林不利于阔叶红松林的恢复,应由“封山”向“育林”转变。 相似文献
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[目的]研究阔叶红松林不同林分地表甲虫的物种组成和多样性,揭示林分类型及林分因子对地表甲虫多样性的影响,为评价天然林在保护地表甲虫中的作用及为制定基于地表甲虫保护和利用的森林经营方案提供科学依据。[方法]2012-2013年,在地表甲虫的整个活跃期,采用陷阱法在吉林蛟河杨桦林、水胡林、阔叶红松林A和阔叶红松林B中诱集地表甲虫,对林分及郁闭度、林龄、枯落物厚度、草本盖度、每公顷株数、灌木盖度对地表甲虫多样性的影响进行分析。[结果]共采集地表甲虫9 849头,隶属于22科79种,其中步甲科、埋葬甲科和隐翅虫科为本研究的优势类群,尖齿通缘步甲为优势种,同时也是各林分的优势种,不同林分中地表甲虫物种组成具有一定差异。阔叶红松林(A和B)中地表甲虫的多样性高于杨桦林和水胡林,地表甲虫的个体数与均匀度呈显著负相关,阔叶红松林(A和B)间地表甲虫的相似性最高,处于中等相似水平。不同林分对步甲科、埋葬甲科和隐翅虫科的个体数有显著影响,阔叶红松林(A和B)中的数量显著高于杨桦林和水胡林。步甲科对杨桦林的适应能力略高于埋葬甲科和隐翅虫科,不同林分中步甲科和隐翅虫科的个体数量具有较强的相关性,符合线性模型Y=89.68+3.241x。[结论]林分组成和结构直接影响林分内部的生态环境和相关因子,不同林分因子对各地表甲虫类群的影响不同,郁闭度、林龄和枯落物厚度相对埋葬甲科有较强的正向影响;草本盖度、每公顷株数和灌木盖度对步甲科具有正向影响;各林分因子对隐翅虫科的影响相对较弱。本研究各林分的结构和林龄不同,人为干扰较少,在长期生长过程中形成了各自相对稳定的内部生态环境,这些环境影响地表甲虫的生存和繁殖。阔叶红松林(A和B)林分组成复杂,内部环境对地表甲虫的生存更为有利,同时,稀有种类较多,其在保护地表甲虫多样性方面起着更加重要的作用。 相似文献
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Correlations between canopy gaps and species diversity in broad-leaved and Korean pine mixed forests
Regeneration of tree species associated with canopy gaps in broad-leaved Korean pine forests was investigated. Species diversity
in gaps and under closed canopy was compared, the relationship between biodiversity and gap structure was analyzed. Results
indicate that there were significant differences between tree species diversity in gaps and that under canopy (p<0.01). In terms of Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index, and abundance index, the biodiversity in gap community were higher
than those under forest canopy in regeneration layer. In terms of Simpson’s dominance index, the dominance of certain species
in the regeneration layer increased from gaps to closed canopy (p<0.01). In contrast, trends of biodiversity changes of succession layer in gaps and under closed canopy were opposite. Tree
species diversity of different layers reacted directly to the change of gap size class. For example, Shannon-Wiener index
and abundance index is higher and Simpson’s dominance index is the lowest in succession layer of medium-size gap (100–250
m2) in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountains. Shannon-Wiener index reached the highest in a size of ≥250
m2 and <100 m2, reached the lowest in a size of 200–250 m2 in the regeneration layer. Simpson’s dominance index reached its maximum when the gap size was between 200 and 250 m2. Generally, species of different layers reacted differently to the changes of gap size classes. The gap size class with more
seedlings did not correspond to size class containing more medium-size trees. Tree species diversity indices in the two layers
behaved reciprocally during the development process of forest gaps.
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Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(12): 2,236–2,240 [译自: 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(12): 2,236–2,240] 相似文献
19.
以凉水国家级自然保护区内的云冷杉红松林、枫桦红松林、椴树红松林和蒙古栎红松林土壤为研究对象,分别采用稀释平板法与微平板检测法,研究了4种林型不同土层之间的土壤微生物特征。结果表明:4种林型土壤微生物总菌数变化范围在1.60亿~6.29亿cfu/g之间,且细菌含量的变化差异性最大;各林型间土壤微生物活性的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);ECO微平板在恒温条件下培养的24h内,其平均颜色变化率呈现出随时间的延长而逐渐升高的一致性规律,直至168h上升速度趋于平缓。4种林型土壤微生物各类多样性指数均表现出随土层深度增加而降低的趋势,且相同土层不同林型间的差异显著(P<0.05);各林型土壤微生物均对氨基酸类碳源产生了较强的代谢能力,更加验证了红松的喜铵特性;由主成分分析(PCA)可知,各林型表层和下层土壤微生物对各类碳源的代谢能力在空间上表现出较为显著的差异,与AWCD值和各类多样性指数所得结论一致。 相似文献
20.
Based on a vast of field investigation on stamps inTilia broad-leaved Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain, age structure of some major species were studied in this paper. The results showed that Korean pine population was composed of grouped patches with different ages. There were not strict intervals among the dominated generations, and the curve of age structure often had two or more peaks. The distribution of broad-leaved species in natural Korean pine forest was grouped or scattered, and age distribution was also uneven-aged. There existed close relation between quality of broad-leaved species and Korean pine. So, it shaped multi-storied and uneven-aged mixed forest. The model of age structure and growth demonstrated their passive correlation, but growth became slow when woods had reached old age. The study was funded by the Opened Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (Reponsible Editor: Chai Rulhai) 相似文献