Sulfur Alleviates Growth Inhibition and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cadmium Toxicity in Rice

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sulfur (S) on growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by Cd²⁺ toxicity, using two rice cultivars with different grain Cd²⁺ content. Treatments consisted of factorial arrangement of three S levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mmol), two cadmium (Cd) levels (0 and 1 μ mol), and two rice cultivars (‘Bing 97252,’ a cultivar with low grain Cd²⁺ content, and ‘Xiushui 63,’ a cultivar with high grain Cd²⁺ content). The results showed that Cd²⁺ addition in the medium generally increased Cd²⁺ and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both roots and shoots; the increases were more pronounced in ‘Xuishui 63’ than in ‘Bing 97252.’ Dramatic reductions in growth parameters, including plant height, root and shoot weight, tillers per plant, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate were found in the plants exposed to Cd stress relative to the plants without Cd²⁺ treatment. ‘Xiushui 63’ showed more sensitivity than ‘Bing 97252’ under Cd²⁺ exposure. In comparison with the lower S level (0.2 mmol), the higher S levels (0.4 and 0.6 mmol) helped alleviate Cd toxicity, characterized by a significant increase in growth parameters, and a decrease in Cd²⁺ and MDA content in both roots and shoots. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the plants varied among tissues, cultivars, and Cd treatments. High Cd²⁺ and MDA content was consistently accompanied by higher SOD activity, and higher S levels caused a marked increase in glutathione content and a reduction in SOD activity, indicating a positive effect of S in alleviating oxidative stress.     

Zinc alleviates growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by cadmium in rice

A hydroponic experiment with two rice cultivars differing in cadmium (Cd) tolerance was conducted to investigate the alleviating effect of zinc (Zn) on growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by Cd. Treatments consisted of all combinations of two Zn concentrations (0.2 and 1 μM), three Cd concentrations (0, 1, and 5 μM), and two rice cultivars (Bing 97252, Cd‐tolerant; Xiushui 63, Cd‐sensitive). Cd toxicity caused a dramatic reduction in plant height and biomass, chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic rate, and an increase in Cd concentration in both roots and shoots, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities in shoots. The response of all these parameters was much larger for Xiushui 63 than for Bing 97252. Addition of Zn to the medium solution alleviated Cd toxicity, which was reflected in a significant increase in plant height, biomass, chlorophyll concentration, and photosynthetic rate, and a marked decrease in MDA concentration and activity of anti‐oxidative enzymes. However, it was noted that Zn increased shoot Cd concentration at higher Cd supply, probably due to the enhancement of Cd translocation from roots to shoots. Therefore, further studies are necessary to determine the effect of Zn supply on Cd translocation from vegetative organs to grains or grain Cd accumulation before Zn fertilizer is applied to Cd‐contaminated soils to alleviate Cd toxicity in rice.     

葛根素对小白菜镉损伤的保护作用研究

为探究葛根素(PUE)对小白菜镉(Cd)损伤的保护效果,采取外源添加不同葛根素处理,将小白菜植株随机分为7组,即对照组(CK)、PUE30组(葛根素30μmol·L^-1)、Cd4组(镉4 mg·L^-1)、Cd与PUE共处理组(4+15、4+30、4+45、4+60)。处理30 d后,观察小白菜植株生长状况、测定Cd富集量及抗胁迫生理活性物质,包括叶绿素、抗氧化酶(SOD、APX、CAT、POD)活性及过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、丙二醛(MDA)Vc、可溶性蛋白含量,并用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测抗氧化酶基因(SOD、POD、APX及CAT)表达量。结果表明,与CK组相比,Cd4组小白菜根中Cd含量、H₂O₂和MDA含量显著升高,而地下部鲜重、地上部鲜重、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和APX)活性和叶绿素含量整体显著降低(P<0.05)。与Cd4组相比,Cd+PUE共处理组小白菜氧化损伤程度减轻,H₂O₂     

不同光强下龙葵对镉的吸收积累及生理响应

采用土培方法探讨了不同光强（自然光和50%遮光）和镉（Cd）不同添加量（0、 25、 50、 75和100 mg/kg）复合处理下,龙葵对Cd的吸收累积特征,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、 过氧化物酶（POD）、 过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性以及叶绿素、 丙二醛（MDA）、 谷胱甘肽（GSH）和植物螯合肽（PCs）含量等的变化特征。结果表明, 自然光条件下龙葵叶绿素b、 叶绿素a+b以及地上和地下部Cd富集量均显著低于遮光处理; 叶和根的SOD、 POD、 CAT和APX活性在自然光条件下随土壤Cd添加量的增大先升后降,而在遮光处理下则持续升高; 除Cd 25 mg/kg处理时根POD及叶CAT活性在不同光强处理下没有显著差异外,其余Cd添加量处理下SOD、 POD、 CAT和APX活性在自然光条件下均显著高于遮光处理; 自然光条件下龙葵叶和根的MDA含量显著高于遮光处理,而叶和根的GSH含量和叶中PCs含量均显著低于遮光处理。研究结果表明,遮光环境促进了龙葵对Cd的富集,并且减轻了Cd对龙葵的氧化胁迫。     

镉对油菜幼苗生长及微量元素含量的影响

通过营养液培养,重点研究了不同浓度镉（Cd）胁迫下,中双9号冬油菜（Brassica napus L.）幼苗体内生理生化及微量元素（Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu）含量的变化特征,目的是进一步阐明Cd胁迫对油菜生长产生毒害的作用机理。结果发现,Cd胁迫显著抑制了油菜幼苗的生长,植株根系和地上部干重随着Cd浓度的升高而显著降低;油菜幼苗叶片中光合色素含量也随着Cd浓度的升高而显著降低;油菜幼苗根系和地上部4种微量元素浓度也随着Cd浓度的升高发生了显著变化;同时,油菜幼苗体内抗氧化酶（SOD、POD和CAT）活性随着Cd浓度的升高表现出先显著升高后显著降低的趋势。这些结果表明,外源Cd胁迫通过降低油菜幼苗光合色素含量、抑制植株光合作用,引起幼苗体内养分代谢紊乱,诱导产生氧化胁迫等抑制了油菜幼苗的生长。研究还发现,中双9号油菜幼苗地上部Cd浓度和Cd富集量显著低于根系,中双9号应该属于低吸收Cd的冬油菜品种。     

钙对镉胁迫下玉米生长及生理特性的影响

采用溶液培养试验 ,研究不同的钙和镉处理对玉米植株生长、叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶和ATPase酶活性以及叶片中丙二醛含量、活性氧清除酶系统活性的影响。结果表明 ,根部未供钙或叶面喷施CaCl2时 ,加镉处理玉米根、地上部生物量降低 ,根冠比加大 ;而根部供钙 ,植株生长较好 ,生物量较高 ,根冠比相对较小。营养液中加镉 ,玉米植株中镉浓度显著增加 ,根部镉浓度明显比地上部高 ,根中镉约占 65%～ 78% ,地上部镉占到 22%～35%左右。根部供钙比未供钙处理 ,根中镉含量虽没有显著性差别 ,但地上部镉浓度明显较低。叶片喷施CaCl2 4次比喷施 2次处理 ,地上部镉浓度增加。供钙明显增加了玉米植株中钙浓度。未供钙的玉米叶片叶绿素含量下降 ,但叶绿素a/叶绿素b比基本不变 ;加镉处理 ,玉米叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量下降更甚 ,叶绿素a/叶绿素b比升高 ;叶面喷施CaCl2 ,叶绿素含量也较低。前期和后期根部供钙处理 ,叶绿素下降程度有所缓解。而根部一直供钙 ,玉米叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量明显提高。镉抑制了玉米植株叶片硝酸还原酶活性、ATPase活性 ;根中ATPase活性以及活性氧清除酶系统超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、愈创木酚过氧化物酶 (Gua POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (AsA POD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)受镉的诱导而增加，叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量升高。与未供应钙加镉处理相比，根部供钙加镉处理的玉米叶片硝酸还原酶活性、ATPase活性显著增加，也明显减轻了镉对根中ATPase活性、叶片中丙二醛含量、活性氧清除酶系统SOD，POD，CAT 活性的诱导效应。间隔供钙，在一定程度上缓解了镉的毒害，但是叶片喷施CaCl2，对减轻镉毒害无明显效果。因此在本试验条件下，根部供钙对缓解玉米镉毒害有重要作用。关键词:钙；镉；玉米；生理特性     

两花生品种对镉胁迫的生理响应及其差异

根据本实验室前期的水培实验,利用盆栽培养,研究了外加土壤Cd处理浓度为12 mg kg-1时花生植株的生理毒害反应及其品种间差异。以两个不同的花生品种花育22和花育20为实验材料进行对比研究,分别测定三个不同时期花生叶片叶绿素含量和细胞膜透性、根系和叶片丙二醛含量、抗氧化酶体系活力及花生产量。结果表明:在外加土壤Cd处理浓度为12mg kg-1时,叶片叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶体系活力随着处理时间的增加而降低,Cd处理组相对于对照组都有所下降,且花育20下降幅度要远大于花育22,尤其在成熟期,镉处理组中花育20的SOD、POD和CAT活力显著低于对照组;而细胞膜透性和丙二醛含量则是随着处理时间的增加而增加,且Cd处理组相对于对照组都有所增加,花育20增加幅度要大于花育22。产量测定结果显示,花育22下降13.14%,花育20下降26.98%。结合各指标的变化情况分析可知,花生对Cd污染存在着较大的品种间差异;其中过氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和叶绿素三个指标变化幅度较大,为初步筛选选育抗Cd花生品种的参考指标和花生Cd污染的诊断指标提供依据。     

麻疯树对镉胁迫的生理耐性及富集特征研究

研究了不同Cd浓度（0、10、25、50、100、200mg.kg-1）对麻疯树的生理指标和Cd积累特征的影响。结果表明,在土壤中的Cd≤50mg.kg-1时,麻疯树的生长未受到明显影响（P〉0.05）,当Cd≥100mg.kg-1时,其生长受到明显抑制（P〈0.05）;同时,麻疯树叶中叶绿素含量随土壤中Cd浓度的增加而下降,而其体内Cd含量则呈增加趋势,且表现根〉茎〉叶的富集特征;麻疯树叶中的SOD、POD活性随Cd浓度的增加呈先升高后降低趋势,而CAT活性仅在Cd为200mg.kg-1时显著增加,麻疯树叶中的MDA、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白、酸溶性巯基和谷胱甘肽含量随Cd浓度的增大呈增加趋势,这可在一定程度上缓解金属Cd对麻疯树的毒害。因此,麻疯树在重金属镉污染土壤修复方面具有一定的应用潜能。     

磷酸胆碱合剂对不同种植密度玉米叶片衰老生理的影响

针对东北地区低温冷凉气候区密植条件下玉米叶片早衰现象,于大田条件下,研究了不同种植密度下磷酸胆碱合剂对京单28和先玉335叶片衰老相关指标及产量性状的影响。结果表明,随种植密度增加,玉米叶片保绿度、叶绿素含量下降;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高。化控处理后,不同种植密度下,2个玉米品种叶绿素含量提高了6.57%~23.40%,保绿度提高了4.5%~13.9%;SOD、POD、CAT活性在中高密度条件下较对照升高了4.76%~21.64%,MDA含量较对照降低4.39%~11.82%;穗长、行粒数、百粒重和产量均较对照有所增加,京单28产量最高增加了398.3kg/hm2,先玉335产量最高增加了774.2kg/hm2。以不同品种不同密度下的各生理指标与产量进行相关分析,结果表明除MDA含量与产量呈极显著负相关外(r=-0.810**),其余都表现出正相关,其中POD活性(r=0.660*)达到了显著水平。表明磷酸胆碱合剂可以延缓玉米叶片的衰老。     

海带硫酸多糖对镉毒害甜瓜幼苗的保护作用

以＂二叶一心＂期甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）为材料,研究了沙培条件下不同浓度（0、0.1、0.25、0.35、0.7、1.1、2.2 g.L^-1）的海带硫酸多糖对150 mg.kg^-1氯化镉（CdCl2.2.5H2O）毒害下甜瓜幼苗的保护作用。结果表明,甜瓜幼苗的镉积累量、叶绿素含量、生物量、蛋白质含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、膜透性以及抗氧化酶活性均与海带硫酸多糖浓度的变化具有相关性。随灌施海带硫酸多糖浓度的升高,甜瓜叶片和根系中镉积累量和渗透势持续下降,0.25 g.L^-1和0.35 g.L^-1的海带硫酸多糖水平下无显著差异,与其他浓度水平差异显著（P〈0.05）;叶绿素含量、生物量、蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等抗氧化酶活性呈先上升后下降趋势,0.35 g.L^-1海带硫酸多糖水平下含量最高;MDA和膜透性则表现为先下降后上升趋势,且0.35 g.L^-1海带硫酸多糖水平下含量最低。综合来看,当海带硫酸多糖的浓度低于0.35 g.L^-1时,对镉毒害下的甜瓜幼苗有一定保护作用,高于0.35 g.L^-1时,不仅没有缓解镉毒害的作用,反而加重对甜瓜幼苗的伤害。     

湿地匍灯藓（Plagiomnium acutum）的防御机制对镉胁迫的响应

采用浸没培养实验研究不同浓度镉溶液（0、2、5、50mg·L-1）对湿地匍灯藓（Plagiomnium acutum）的膜系统、光合系统的损伤情况及其抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明：湿地匍灯藓外表伤害症状随Cd胁迫浓度增加而加重;湿地匍灯藓对Cd有较强的生物富集能力,且藓体Cd累积量与溶液Cd浓度显著正相关（P〈0.05）;湿地匍灯藓的总叶绿素含量随Cd浓度增加显著降低,其含量与可溶性蛋白含量显著正相关（P〈0.05）;Cd胁迫引起湿地匍灯藓的丙二醛（MDA）积累,同时伴随可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量显著增加,其中可溶性糖含量与MDA含量显著正相关（P〈0.05）;可溶性蛋白含量和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随Cd浓度增加均持续下降,而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性却随Cd浓度增加而呈现逐渐上升趋势,其中可溶性蛋白和CAT活性均与MDA含量显著负相关（P〈0.05）,SOD活性则与MDA含量显著正相关（P〈0.05）,POD活性与MDA含量极显著正相关（P〈0.01）。Cd胁迫抑制或降解光合作用相关酶类、细胞膜质过氧化和蛋白质代谢紊乱可能是湿地匍灯藓遭受Cd毒害的主要原因;湿地匍灯藓通过增加可溶性糖含量、SOD和POD活性来抵御Cd的毒害,但由于CAT活性丧失,使湿地匍灯藓的防御系统崩溃,最终导致了湿地匍灯藓细胞的凋亡。可溶性糖、SOD和POD可以作为湿地匍灯藓防御Cd毒害的指标。     

Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide and 24-Epibrassinolide on the Physiological Characteristics of Peanut Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress

Cadmium(Cd) is highly toxic to plants, animals, and humans. Limited information is available on the role of nitric oxide(NO)and/or 24-epibrassinolide(EBR) in response of plants to Cd stress. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the effects of NO and/or EBR on peanut plants subjected to Cd stress(200 μmol L~(-1)) with sodium nitroprusside(SNP, an exogenous NO donor)(250 μmol L~(-1)) and/or EBR(0.1 μmol L~(-1)) addition. The results showed that Cd exposure inhibited plant growth, and this stress was alleviated by exogenous NO or EBR, and especially the combination of the two. Treatment with Cd inhibited the growth of peanut seedlings, decreased chlorophyll content, and significantly increased the Cd concentration in plants. Furthermore, the concentration of reactive oxygen species(ROS) markedly increased in peanut seedlings under Cd stress, resulting in the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline in leaves and roots. Under Cd stress, applications of SNP, EBR, and especially the two in combination significantly reduced the translocation of Cd from roots to leaves, increased the chlorophyll content, decreased the concentrations of ROS, MDA, and proline, and significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in peanut seedlings. Exogenous NO and/or EBR also stimulated the activities of nitrate reductase(NR)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and increased the contents of antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid(AsA) and reduced glutathione(GSH). Furthermore, exogenous NO and/or EBR enhanced Cd accumulation in the cell wall and thus decreased Cd distribution in the organelles in the roots. The concentrations of calcium(Ca), iron(Fe), magnesium(Mg), and zinc(Zn) were also regulated by exogenous NO or EBR, and especially by the two in combination. These results indicated that SNP and EBR, alone and particularly in combination, can mitigate the negative effects of Cd stress in peanut plants.     

镉胁迫对玉米幼苗抗氧化酶系统及矿质元素吸收的影响

通过水培实验研究了在10-6、10-5、10-4mol·L-1浓度下,Cd2＋胁迫对玉米幼苗抗氧化酶系统、丙二醛（MDA）含量、Cd积累及矿质元素吸收的影响,同时讨论了Cd2＋毒害的作用机理。结果表明,中、低浓度（10-6、10-5mol·L-1）Cd2＋胁迫下,玉米幼苗MDA含量与对照组相比没有显著变化;高浓度（10-4mol·L-1）Cd2＋胁迫后,MDA含量显著升高（P〈0.05）。Cd2＋胁迫初期,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均升高;随着胁迫时间的延长,除叶片中SOD和CAT活性略有上升外,其他抗氧化酶活性逐渐下降,高浓度组抗氧化酶活性下降最明显。植物吸收的Cd主要积累在根部,Cd2＋胁迫能干扰玉米对Fe、Cu、Zn、Mg等养分的吸收。     

涝渍逆境下化学调节对孕穗期小麦生理特征和产量性状的影响

涝渍逆境下PP333、BR 120、AsA 能增加孕穗期小麦Chl含量, 缓解SOD、CAT 活性及根系活力的降低。减少Pro、MDA 积累, 增强POD活性, 增加主茎绿叶数和次生根数, 增大根冠比。PP333 和BR120 分别增加单株产量12.75% 和9.25% , 达极显著水平, AsA 增加4.29% , 差异不显著。     

水稻和杂草稻对镉胁迫反应的比较研究

采用水培实验,研究不同浓度Cd2＋胁迫对水稻和杂草稻植株的生长、色素含量、抗氧化酶的活性、丙二醛含量、相对电导率以及脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明：（1）Cd2＋胁迫条件下,水稻和杂草稻植株地上部分外观伤害随着Cd2＋浓度的升高而加重。（2）水稻和杂草稻的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量含量均表现为Cd2＋胁迫浓度〈0.5 mg.L-1时升高,Cd2＋胁迫浓度〉0.5 mg.L-1时降低的现象;水稻和杂草稻的类胡萝卜素含量也都表现出Cd2＋胁迫浓度〈0.5 mg.L-1时降低,然后升高,最后在Cd2＋胁迫浓度〉1 mg.L-1时降低的现象。（3）水稻的SOD、POD、CAT活性表现出在Cd2＋浓度〈1 mg.L-1时升高,在Cd2＋浓度〉1 mg.L-1时降低的现象;杂草稻的SOD、CAT活性表现出在Cd2＋浓度〈2 mg.L-1时升高,在Cd2＋浓度〉2 mg.L-1时降低的现象,杂草稻的POD活性表现出随着Cd2＋浓度的升高而升高的现象;抗氧化酶活性随着Cd2＋浓度升高的变化幅度是水稻〉杂草稻。（4）Cd2＋胁迫使水稻和杂草稻的丙二醛含量、相对电导率以及脯氨酸含量显著增加,且增加幅度是水稻〉杂草稻,说明水稻产生了较严重的膜脂过氧化。总之,对于Cd2＋胁迫,在敏感性上水稻〉杂草稻,在抗性上杂草稻〉水稻。     

Cd~(2+)胁迫对西瓜幼苗光合生理及活性氧代谢的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了土壤中Cd2+对西瓜(Citrullus vulgaris)幼苗光合特性及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:Cd2+降低了小型西瓜叶绿素总含量,改变了叶绿素a/b的值,其叶绿素总含量与土壤中Cd2+浓度极显著(P0.01)负相关;减弱了西瓜幼苗的净光合速率(Pn),降低了胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)。西瓜叶片中超氧阴离子自由基(·O2-)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量随着土壤中Cd2+浓度的升高而增加,且H2O2和MDA含量与Cd2+浓度极显著(P0.01)正相关。在Cd2+胁迫下,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化显著,其活性与H2O2含量、MDA含量极显著(P0.01)负相关。Cd2+胁迫引起叶绿素等光合相关生理因子降低,是导致西瓜幼苗净光合速率降低的直接原因;活性氧代谢失调,脂膜过氧化加重是导致其净光合速率降低的另一重要原因。     

Response of Cadmium Uptake in Different Barley Genotypes to Cadmium Level

A greenhouse hydroponic experiment was performed out to study the cadmium (Cd) uptake by four different barley cultivars at two Cd levels. The results showed that Cd concentrations in roots and shoots increased with Cd levels in the solution and Cd concentration in roots was much higher than that in shoots. The amount of Cd accumulated by plants increased continually with the duration of treatment, and the highest Cd concentration in roots and aboveground tissues was found approximately at the 100th and 70th day after Cd addition, respectively. Genotypes differed significantly in relation to Cd concentration in roots and aboveground tissues. Wumaoliuling showed a higher Cd concentration than the other three genotypes, while Mimai 114 had the lowest concentration. Cadmium uptake rate per plant increased slowly before the booting stage, then increased sharply during the 70–100 d period (approximately late elongation to booting stage), and after that Cd uptake rate tended to slow dramatically. However, the Cd uptake rate per unit of dry biomass showed a significant reduction after booting stage (70 d after Cd exposure), and the Cd uptake pattern varied by Cd levels in the medium. At the lower Cd level (0.1 μM), there were two peaks in Cd uptake rate, appearing at the seedling (20–30 d after Cd exposure) and stem elongation stages (50–70 d after Cd exposure), respectively, while there was only one peak at the stem elongation stage at the higher Cd level (1 μ M).     

锰硼营养对黄瓜产量及抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用田间试验、植株生理生化测定方法,研究了Mn、B营养对黄瓜产量与抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,Mn、B营养具有明显的互作效应,适宜的Mn、B配施可提高黄瓜产量和叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(cAT)、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性以及叶绿素、抗坏血酸(ASA)含量,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。黄瓜生产能力与超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶活性显著正相关,与丙二醛含量呈显著负相关。     

不同种类蔬菜苗期对镉的敏感性研究

产地环境中镉（Cd）对蔬菜的影响主要表现为蔬菜可食部分超标,高浓度时影响其生长发育,基于评述蔬菜幼苗对Cd的敏感性是按其对Cd的吸收累积量来排序,累积Cd量越高定义为该蔬菜幼苗对Cd越敏感,采用水培方法,探讨了Cd对小白菜（叶菜）、黄瓜、豇豆（果菜）和萝卜（根菜）幼苗吸收累积量及生长发育的影响。结果表明,蔬菜幼苗根和茎叶中累积Cd量均随Cd处理浓度的增加而显著增加（P〈0．05）。同一处理浓度下根中Cd含量远高于茎叶中Cd含量,根和茎叶对Cd的累积强弱顺序也即蔬菜苗期对Cd的敏感性排序为小白菜〉萝卜〉黄瓜〉豇豆;随Cd浓度增加,叶片中叶绿素含量降低,过氧化氢酶（CAT）含量升高;蔬菜出苗率、幼苗根长、植株鲜重显著降低。     

硫脲对花生苗期的毒理效应研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了硝化抑制剂硫脲对花生的生物量、叶片金属离子含量、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果表明,在低浓度硫脲范围内,其对花生的生长有明显的促进作用,叶片叶绿素含量较高,3种酶的活性随硫脲浓度的增加而升高,体内MDA含量随硫脲浓度的增加而降低;但当硫脲浓度达到5．0mmol·kg^-1。土时,对植株和根系的生长产生了明显的抑制作用,叶片叶绿素含量明显降低,3种酶的活性明显降低,体内MDA的含量显著增加,表明此时硫脲对花生产生了明显的胁迫和毒害作用。