Microwave‐oven drying of rice leaves for rapid determination of dry weight and nitrogen concentration

Predicting the need for fertilizer‐nitrogen (N) topdressing based on plant N status is an important N management strategy for increasing both grain yield and N‐use efficiency of irrigated rice. Plant N analysis by conventional‐oven drying and micro‐Kjeldahl procedure generally requires several days. Accurate estimation of leaf N content per unit dry weight (Ndw) at different growth stages by the chlorophyll meter requires that meter‐reading values (SPAD values) be adjusted for specific leaf weight (SLW). This study demonstrated that a microwave oven can be used for drying rice leaves for quick estimation of leaf dry weight without significantly influencing the estimation of Ndw by micro‐Kjeldahl procedure. Microwave oven drying of 0.5 g (dry weight) leaf samples required only two minutes. Extended exposure duration up to six minutes did not alter the measured Kjeldahl N concentration. Specific leaf weight determined with microwave‐oven drying improved the prediction of Ndw by SPAD. The chlorophyll meter with SLW adjustment can provide another tool to make rapid, in‐season diagnosis of crop N status.     

Chlorophyll meter estimates leaf area‐based nitrogen concentration of rice

Abstract

The chlorophyll meter (SPAD‐502) can be used to diagnose the nitrogen (N) status of rice (Oryza sativa L) plants to determine the need for fertilizer‐N topdressing. However, accurate estimation of leaf N concentration on a dry weight basis (N_dw) by SPAD requires the adjustment of SPAD values for specific leaf weight (SLW). The objective of this study was to determine if SPAD estimates of leaf N concentration on a leaf area basis (Na) without correcting for SLW. SPAD values were measured from different genotypes at various growth stages with the chlorophyll meter. Leaf N concentration was determined by micro‐Kjeldahl procedure and expressed based on dry weight and leaf area. Specific leaf weight was calculated as the ratio of leaf dry weight to leaf area. At each growth stage, SPAD estimated Na better than Ndw, especially at the middle and later growth stages. When data for all stages were pooled, SPAD values also correlated with Na better than with Ndw (r value of 0.81 versus 0.43). This finding was also true across 80 genotypes. For estimation of N_a by SPAD, therefore, no adjustment of SPAD values for SLW is needed.     

Assessing Variations in SPAD‐502 Chlorophyll Meter Measurements and Their Relationships with Nutrient Content of Trembling Aspen Foliage

Abstract

The relative chlorophyll content in leaves estimated by the SPAD‐502 chlorophyll meter can be an efficient way to evaluate plant nitrogen (N) status in many crops and some tree species. In this study, the SPAD meter was used to look for relationships between relative leaf chlorophyll content and leaf nutrient concentration in trembling aspen. The variations in leaf chlorophyll measurements were also evaluated by using three sampling times and three measurement techniques. Hypothetical experimental designs were created to achieve better design efficiency. The best representation of overall leaf chlorophyll was found when six SPAD readings were taken at different locations on each leaf. There was a positive correlation between overall leaf N and estimated chlorophyll content, especially in the top part of the trees. Overall, this study suggested that the SPAD meter can give an estimation of trembling aspen nutritional status, especially if the differential partitioning of N within trees is considered.     

CALIBRATING CHLOROPHYLL METER (SPAD-502) READING BY SPECIFIC LEAF AREA FOR ESTIMATING LEAF NITROGEN CONCENTRATION IN SWEET SORGHUM

The chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502) is used to estimate nitrogen status of various crops. However, the relationship between SPAD readings and leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has not been fully established. We examined the relationship between SPAD readings and LNC in sweet sorghum in a two-year study; and the effects of leaf thickness on the relationship was also examined. There was a significant relationship between the SPAD reading and LNC at each of two growth stages, but the correlation was weaker when the data for the two growth stages were pooled. This correlation improved when the specific leaf area was introduced as a second independent variable in the multiple regression analysis. This regression equation was applicable to not only different growth stages but also different seasons. The results suggest that the regression equation developed in this study can help in optimizing nitrogen fertilization for sweet sorghum production.     

SEASONAL VARIATION AND THRESHOLD VALUES FOR CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS ON LEAVES OF POTATO CULTIVARS

Chlorophyll meter readings below a threshold value would indicate the necessity to supply nitrogen (N) to the crop. This study aimed to determine threshold values for chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and nitrogen (N) rate effects on SPAD leaf measurements of potato cultivars through the crop cycle. Five N rates (0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha^?1) were evaluated in a randomized block design, with four repetitions. SPAD index was measured on the oldest (OL) and on the fourth leaf from the apex (FL) at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 49 days after the emergence of 90% of the plants in the plots. SPAD values decreased with plant age and were influenced by N rates and leaf position. At 21 DAE, the SPAD threshold values on FL were 43.0, 44.6, 46.5, and 50.0 for ‘Agata’, ‘Monalisa’, ‘Atlantic’, and ‘Asterix’, respectively. The corresponding values were 41.9, 43.5, 49.9, and 49.9 on OL. Plant age and leaf position should be standardized for the assessment of SPAD threshold values to diagnose nitrogen status of potato cultivars.     

TOMATO LEAF CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS AS AFFECTED BY VARIETY,NITROGEN FORM,AND NIGHTTIME NUTRIENT SOLUTION STRENGTH

ABSTRACT

Leaf chlorophyll content is closely related to leaf nitrogen (N) content, so it is reasonable to assume that NH₄–N:NO₃–N ratio in the nutrient solution used to grow tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hydroponically may affect leaf greenness, and consequently chlorophyll meter (SPAD) readings. It has also been shown that increasing nutrient solution strength (NSS) increases tomato productivity, but there are no reports regarding how NSS affects SPAD readings under greenhouse conditions. Genotype may also influence SPAD readings, and standardization for cultivar and sampling time may be needed. The objective of this study was to characterize SPAD readings for five tomato cultivars, and SPAD reading response to a combination of two nutrient solutions strength (NSS) (1X and 4X Steiner solution strength daily applied 18 days after transplanting at 7 p.m.) and two concentrations of NH₄–N in solution (0 and 25%) in order to evaluate the potential of SPAD readings as a tomato yield predictor in greenhouse production systems. The SPAD readings were not uniform across tomato varieties tested, being consistently higher for “Max” and lower for the other varieties. Initially, SPAD readings for tomato varieties used in this study were low at the vegetative stage, and increased up to 40 days after transplant (DAT), but subsequently decreased at 49 DAT, or the fruit set of the first and second clusters. After this time, SPAD readings showed no variation. Chlorophyll meter readings for Max were higher in the top plant layers, but decreased in the top plant layer of the other tomato varieties. The SPAD readings were higher for plants supplied with 25% NH₄–N than those without NH₄–N in solution, but the use of a nighttime nutrient solution did not affect SPAD readings. None of the possible interactions among tomato variety, NH₄–N:NO₃–N ratio, and NSS were consistently significant. SAPD readings may be useful in monitoring low or high supply of N in greenhouse grown tomato plants.     

Estimation of Chlorophyll Contents by Correlations between SPAD‐502 Meter and Chroma Meter in Butterhead Lettuce

Abstract

Chlorophyll content of butterhead lettuce leaves was estimated by correlations between the Minolta SPAD‐502 and Minolta chroma meter CR 300. The SPAD‐502 readings and extractable chlorophyll (Chl a, Chl b, and total Chlorophyll) contents were related. High linear correlations were obtained for chlorophyll a (R²=0.90), chlorophyll b (R²=0.85), and total chlorophyll (R²=0.92). After that, during the growth cycle of butterhead lettuce grown in soilless culture, leaves were selected and SPAD‐502 and chroma meter readings were made. Finally, correlations between SPAD‐502 readings and leaf color (L*, a*, b*, C*, and hue angle) determined by the chroma meter were calculated. Hue angle (H°; R²=0.75) and lightness index (L*; R²=0.68) were the parameters that better relate with SPAD‐502 readings, so these parameters can also be used for rapid and nondestructive estimates of leaf chlorophyll in situ.     

叶绿素仪在氮肥推荐中的应用研究进展

叶绿素仪(Chlorophyll.meter)是近年来欧美一些国家在推荐施氮中开始使用的一种新型便携式仪器。这种仪器以叶绿素对红光和近红外光的不同吸收特性为原理来测定植物叶片的相对叶绿素含量,通过叶绿素与叶片全氮的关系来反映作物的氮营养状况,进而确定作物是否缺氮。这种新型仪器的使用为简便、快速、准确地进行氮肥推荐提供了一种新的思路。因此,通过研究不同作物,不同种植条件下叶绿素仪测定值与作物叶片全氮、作物产量之间的相关性,确定叶绿素仪测定值的临界水平,以及不同作物的测定部位、样品采集数量及影响测定准确性的因素,使这种技术尽快地应用于田间生产,有助于推动我国推荐施氮技术的进步。     

主要粮食作物基于SPAD的氮素营养诊断方法研究进展

基于叶绿素计测定的SPAD值与植物叶片叶绿素和氮浓度的关系,详细综述了用叶绿素计在玉米、小麦、水稻以及其他作物上进行氮素营养诊断的研究进展.第一,"相对SPAD值"、"氮饱和指数"或"归一化SPAD"等指标能够消除或减小品种、生育期及区域年际间的误差;第二,不同生育期应选择理想指示叶作为诊断目标;第三,不同叶位间的SP...     

Correlation of leaf chlorophyll readings and stem nitrate concentrations in peppermint

Abstract

The SPAD chlorophyll meter appears promising for rapid, on‐farm analysis of crop nitrogen (N) status. Leaf SPAD chlorophyll levels have been correlated with total leaf N concentrations, but it has not been determined how they relate to other widely applied N diagnoses such as petiole or stem nitrate (NO₃) analysis. Our objective was to examine the relationship between leaf SPAD readings and stem NO₃ levels in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Upper canopy SPAD chlorophyll and stem NO₃ concentrations were determined weekly during two seasons for peppermint grown with variable N inputs. Leaf SPAD levels exhibited significant linear‐plateau responses with respect to stem NO₃, indicating that SPAD readings do not respond to luxury N consumption. The meter is therefore promising for the detection of crop N deficiencies by comparison of production fields to well fertilized plots or strips. Break‐points in the linear‐plateau regressions describe saturation concentrations of stem NO₃ with respect to leaf SPAD levels peaking at 12,000 mg NO₃‐N/kg in mid to late July and declining later in the season. The SPAD meter may be applied directly to N management by use of reference plots or it may be used as a tool to aid in determination of criteria for other diagnoses such as tissue NO₃.     

甜瓜主茎叶不同叶位SPAD值空间分布与氮素营养诊断

在设施栽培条件下,研究甜瓜关键生育期不同叶位SPAD值的变异特征及与叶片、植株氮素含量的相关性,探索提出基于SPAD仪诊断氮素营养最佳的测定叶位。结果表明,在各施氮水平下,不同叶位间叶片SPAD值存在一定差异,各叶位叶片SPAD值随施氮量的增加而增加。在适宜施氮(N 210 kg/hm~2)水平下,各生育期顶3叶和顶4叶SPAD值变异系数显著低于顶1叶和顶2叶,不同叶位叶片SPAD值与叶片、植株含氮量有较好的相关性,其中顶3叶与叶片、植株含氮量相关性最高。因此,用叶绿素SPAD仪诊断甜瓜氮素营养,顶3叶为较理想的指示叶或参照叶。     

应用叶绿素计诊断烤烟氮素营养状况

为探讨叶绿素计在估测烤烟叶绿素和氮浓度上的应用价值,进行了3个田间试验。即:郑州点2003年设施N.51.0.kg/hm2与4个品种NC89、RG17、85048、541;2004年设5个氮肥用量:N.30.04、0.5、51.0、61.5、75.0.kg/hm2与2个品种中烟101、云烟85;玉溪点于2005年设5个氮肥用量:N.02、7.0、54.5、81.8、109.0.kg/hm2与K326品种的试验。测定了不同试验条件下烤烟叶片的叶绿素计(SPAD-502和CCM-200)值和实际叶绿素浓度、全氮浓度,并进行了三者关系分析。结果表明,应用叶绿素计监测烤烟叶片最佳测定部位为完全展开叶的中部。叶绿素计测定值因年份、地点、氮肥水平、叶位、同一叶片不同的部位而异。叶绿素计值与叶绿素浓度、叶片全氮浓度之间有稳定的极显著相关性。叶绿素计SPAD-502的SPAD值和CCM-200的CCI值与叶绿素浓度之间的决定系数分别为0.8755(P0.001)和0.9499(P0.001)。SPAD计值(SPAD)与全氮浓度(N)之间回归方程为N=0.0265SPAD+0.9601(R2=0.7649,P0.001),经检验该模型具有较好的精确性和普适性,利用叶绿素计进行烤烟氮素营养监测是可行的。     

INTER-RELATIONSHIPS OF APPLIED NITROGEN,SPAD, AND YIELD OF LEAFY AND NON-LEAFY MAIZE GENOTYPES

The SPAD chlorophyll meter was found to be a reliable, quick, and non-destructive tool used for directly measuring leaf chlorophyll and indirectly assessing the proportional parameter of leaf, and by extension, plant nitrogen (N) status. The meter has been used successfully to assess leaf N in conventional maize crops, but it has not been used with new maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes containing leafy (L) and reduced stature (RS) traits. SPAD meter readings were collected on the uppermost fully developed leaves (before silking) and on the ear leaf (after silking) of field grown maize genotypes with and without the L and RS traits. The experiment was conducted during 1996 and 1997 at two sites in Eastern Canada (Ottawa and Montreal). At each site in each year, a split plot arrangement of two treatment factors was used in a randomized complete block design with four blocks. The main plot treatments were levels of N (0, 85, 170, and 255 kg ha^?1), with six maize genotypes as subplot treatments. The hybrids included: (i) leafy reduced-stature, LRS, (ii) non-leafy normal stature, NLNS, (iii) leafy normal stature, (LNS), (iv) non-leafy reduced-stature, NLRS, (v) conventional commercial hybrids, Pioneer 3905 as the hybrid check for late maturity, and (vi) Pioneer 3979, a check for early maturity. The hybrids were chosen on the basis of their contrasting canopies and root architecture. The SPAD meter readings were collected on the same five plant genotypes over time (six times per site per year, except four times for the Ottawa site in 1997). All genotypes showed increasing meter reading values as plants aged until silking. In general, SPAD meter readings increased as N fertilization level increased at each measurement date for both sites and years. In general, LNS and P3905 hybrids showed greater SPAD meter readings than other hybrids at all sampling dates for both sites and growing seasons. Applied N rates were significantly correlated with the SPAD meter readings. More highly significant relationships were found for N fertilizer levels and SPAD meter readings for the hybrids in 1997 than for the hybrids in 1996. For the Montreal site in 1997, LRS, LNS and P3905 hybrids were among those showing the highest r values between N level and SPAD readings. The correlation coefficients between SPAD readings and grain yield were generally lower. However, the NLNS hybrid had a high SPAD-yield correlation at the Macdonald site in 1997.     

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide effects on sorghum and soybean nutrient status 1

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration could have significant implications on technologies for managing plant nutrition to sustain crop productivity in the future. Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) (C3 species) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) (C4 species) were grown in a replicated split‐plot design using open‐top field chambers under ambient (357 μmol/mol) and elevated (705 μmol/mol) atmospheric CO₂. At anthesis, leaf disks were taken from upper mature leaves of soybean and from the third leaf below the head of sorghum for analysis of plant nutrients. Leaf greenness was measured with a Minolta SPAD‐502 chlorophyll meter. Concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and specific leaf weight were also measured. Above‐ground dry matter and seed yield were determined at maturiry. Seed yield of sorghum increased 17.5% and soybean seed yield increased 34.7% with elevated CO₂. There were no differences in extractable chlorophyll concentration or chlorophyll meter readings due to CO₂ treatment, but meter readings were reduced 6% when sorghum was grown in chambers as compared in the open. Leaf nitrogen (N) concentration of soybean decreased from 54.5 to 39.1 g/kg at the higher CO₂ concentration. Neither the chambers nor CO₂ had an effect on concentrations of other plant nutrients in either species. Further work under field conditions is needed to determine if current critical values for tissue N in crops, especially C3 crops, should be adjusted for future increases in atmospheric CO₂ concentration.     

遮荫对水稻冠层叶片SPAD值及光合、 形态特性参数的影响

SPAD（soil-plant analysis and development）计是一种快速、 方便、 非破坏性的诊断植物叶片相对叶绿素或氮含量的仪器,与传统的氮营养诊断方法相比,此仪器节省时间、 劳力和资源。本试验通过未遮荫和遮荫的方法观察水稻冠层叶片SPAD值、 叶绿素含量、 叶绿素荧光、 光合参数、 叶片厚度和比叶重（叶片干重除以叶片的面积）等生理形态指标的变化,建立SPAD值与光系统II（PSII）最大量子产量（Fv/Fm）之间的回归关系。结果表明,遮荫条件下,甬优9号(YY9)和丙9363(B9363)冠层叶片变薄、 SPAD值、 叶绿素a/b、 比叶重、 电子传递速率（ETR）降低,但快速光曲线的初始斜率无明显变化; 同时, 遮荫导致了叶片的呼吸速率、 最大净光合(Pmax)、 量子效率、 光补偿点和饱和点降低,表明水稻叶片为适应弱光环境, 降低光合能力、 减少呼吸消耗, 以增加对有限光能的利用。不同光照条件下,水稻冠层叶片SPAD值与PSII的Fv/Fm的回归方程呈指数式关系（YY9 R2=0.896; B9363 R2=0.833）, 表明SPAD计可以快速、 无损、 有效地评估水稻冠层叶片的光合作用进程,当SPAD值小于35时,其光合过程可能处于受损状态。     

Use of Minolta SPAD‐502 chlorophyll meter to quantify the effectiveness of mid‐summer trunk injection of iron on chlorotic pear trees

The severity of leaf chlorosis in iron (Fe)‐deficient fruit trees is often characterized using a semi‐quantitative visual rating index that is subject to evaluator bias. Analytical instruments are now available that provide a quantitative measure of leaf green color that could substitute for visual ratings. We injected limbs of mature chlorotic pear trees (Pyrus communis L. cv. Bartlett) with distilled water or a solution of 0.1% Fe (w/v) as FeSO₄‐7H₂O on 17 July 1995. Treatments were replicated eight‐fold. On 18 August 1995, a Minolta SPAD‐502 chlorophyll meter was used to measure the green color of 30 randomly sampled leaves located above the point of injection on each injected limb. Average leaf green color was higher in the Fe‐injected tree than in the water‐injected tree of each experimental block. Leaf green color (mean±SD) averaged 34.7±3.8 SPAD units for the Fe‐injected trees and 27.3±3.8 SPAD units for the water‐injected trees. The absolute increase in mean leaf color of 7.4 SPAD units was equivalent to a relative increase of 27%. Iron injection also induced more negative skewness and increased kurtosis in the frequency distribution curve for leaf SPAD meter readings. These results suggest that the SPAD meter can provide an unbiased quantitative measure of the severity of leaf chlorosis associated with Fe deficiency, and confirm that mid‐summer trunk injection of Fe can partially ameliorate Fe‐chlorosis symptoms.     

Establishment of Chlorophyll Meter Measurements to Manage Crop Nitrogen Status in Potato Crop

Management of nitrogen (N) use is necessary to promote maximum development and production of tubers. For this reason, chlorophyll meters have been used to make N-fertilizer recommendations in potato. An assay was carried out with increasing doses of N. To define the thresholds IV for potato crops, correlations among IV, ISN, RR, and N content had been established. IV is the green index of the leaf measured by the chlorophyll meter. This index estimates the chlorophyll content in the leaf and through this the N concentration in vegetal tissue, based on the assumption that N and chlorophyll content have a strong correlation. ISN is the sufficiency nitrogen index. It was determined as the relation between the green index reading of each experimental unit and the highest average green index reading of the assay. RR is the relative yield. It was calculated as the ratio between the yield of each treatment and the highest average yield of the assay. The results had shown that varieties did not present N deficiencies during the vegetative growth phase, with IV and ISN values respectively equal to 41 SPAD units and 93 percent. During the tuber bulking phase, the necessary IV and ISN thresholds to reach maximum yields, for N content equal to 3 percent, were, respectively, between 38.5 and 40.5 SPAD units and between 84 and 94.8 at 70 and 89 days after planting. We concluded that the chlorophyll meter is an appropriate tool to determine the nutritional status in potato crops.     

Ammonium concentration in solution affects chlorophyll meter readings in tomato leaves

Abstract

Combinations of NH₄‐N:NO₃‐N usually result in higher tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) yields than when either form of nitrogen (N) was used alone. Leaf chlorophyll content is closely related to leaf N content, but the effect of the NH₄‐N:NO₃‐N ratio on leaf greenness was not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of NH₄‐N:NO₃‐N ratios on chlorophyll meter (SPAD) readings, and evaluate the meter as a N status estimator and tomato yield predictor in greenhouse production systems. Fruit yield and SPAD readings increased as the amount of NH₄‐N in solution increased up to 25%, while higher ratios of NH₄‐N resulted in a decline in both. The N concentration in tomato leaves increased as concentration of NH₄‐N in solution increased. Fruit yield increased as chlorophyll readings increased. SPAD readings, total N in leaves, fresh weight of shoots, and fruit yield all showed a quadratic response to NH₄‐N, reaching a peak at 25 or 50% of N as NH₄‐N. SPAD readings taken at the vegetative and flowering stages of growth had the highest correlation (r²=0.54) with N concentration in leaves, but this could not be used as a reliable estimate of N status and fruit yield. Lack of correspondence between high N concentration values and fruit yield indicated a detrimental effect of NH₄‐N on chlorophyll molecules or chloroplast structure. The SPAD readings, however, may be used to determine the optimum NH₄‐N concentration in solution to maximize fruit yield.     

Relationship between spectroradiometric and chlorophyll measurements in green beans

Abstract

Individual linear relationships were established between total chlorophyll and SPAD readings, while a unique linear relationship was determined between chlorophyll a and SPAD readings for three green bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Greening of young expanding leaves at the top of the canopy of all cultivars was associated with low transmittance and reflectance in the PAR region. However, transmittance and reflectance responses of young leaves were different between cultivars. Leaf senescence was associated with an increase in transmittance in the PAR region, but no changes were obtained in the Near‐InfraRed region (NIR). Top young leaves and middle canopy fully expanded leaves of the three green bean cultivars presented a similar transmittance in the Visible and NIR regions. Although the correlations between reflectance and SPAD values of young expanding leaves and that for the inverse‐log reflectance were relatively weaker than that obtained for transmittance either for the same leaf age or different leaf ages, the results suggest that the SPAD meter may be used to provide a rapid estimate of leaf transmittance and reflectance in the field.     

考虑植株氮垂直分布的夏玉米营养诊断敏感位点筛选

探明夏玉米氮素营养生化指标(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、叶片氮含量和叶片氮积累量)与叶片SPAD值垂直分布特征及两者间定量回归关系,确立基于叶绿素仪的夏玉米氮营养无损诊断敏感叶位和叶片部位,以实现氮营养时空变化的快捷和精准监测。利用2018-2019年连续2季不同氮营养水平下夏玉米关键生育期主茎各叶位(顶1叶~顶12叶,TL1~TL12)和叶片部位(每张叶片从叶片基部开始根据叶片长度每20%分为1个测试区间) SPAD值及氮营养指标数据,研究基于偏最小二乘(partial least square, PLS)回归模型的夏玉米不同位点SPAD值与氮营养指标间关系,确定可稳定指示夏玉米氮营养空间异质性变化的敏感叶位及叶片部位。结果表明,不同叶位间夏玉米叶片SPAD值和氮营养指标于植株间分布均呈典型的"钟型"特征,至TL5或TL6时达至峰值。同一叶位不同部位间SPAD值由20%至100%位点时则逐步升高,且80%~100%位点间无显著差异(P>0.05)。PLS分析结果显示,夏玉米不同叶位SPAD值与氮营养指标间模型精度决定系数(coefficient of determination, R2)和相对分析误差(relative percent deviation,RPD)范围分别为0.693~0.821和1.425~2.744。不同测试位点R2和RPD值范围则分别为0.660~0.847和1.607~2.451,满足模型精确诊断需求。此后,基于PLS模型中各叶位和叶片部位无量纲评价指标变量重要性投影值(variable importance for projection,VIP),确定顶4叶(TL4)完展叶60%~80%区间为夏玉米氮营养诊断的敏感区域,VIP值均高于临界值1.40,预测效果较为理想。研究可为实现氮营养的高效、快捷诊断和精准施氮提供参考。