猪源粪肠球菌的分离鉴定

对来自四川地区送检病猪采样分离到2株致病性革兰氏阳性球菌进行分离纯化,根据培养形态、理化特性和16SrRNA序列同源性分析,综合判定所分离菌株为粪肠球菌,采用纸片扩散法进行药物敏感性实验,结果显示分离的致病菌均对供试的头孢唑啉钠、利福平药物高度敏感,对氨苄西林、红霉素、氧氟沙星等药物不同程度耐药,根据结果制定相应防治措施,经处理后,病情得到控制。     

猪源粪肠球菌的分离鉴定

对来自四川地区送检病猪采样分离到2株致病性革兰氏阳性球菌进行分离纯化,根据培养形态、理化特性和16S rRNA序列同源性分析,综合判定所分离菌株为粪肠球菌,采用纸片扩散法进行药物敏感性实验,结果显示分离的致病菌均对供试的头孢唑啉钠、利福平药物高度敏感,对氯苄西林．红霉素、氧氟沙星等药物不同程度耐药,根据结果制定相应防治措施,经处理后,病情得到控制。     

绵羊源性粪肠球菌的分离、初步鉴定及动物实验

粪肠球菌属于链球菌科、肠球菌属,其为机会感染菌,自然界和动物粪便中大量存在。其在人医中不仅可以引起尿路感染、皮肤软组织感染,还可引起危及生命的腹腔感染、败血症、心内膜炎和脑膜炎等,在动物医学中尚未引起重视。石河子周围地区羊场羔羊发生了一种以败血症和神经症状为主、预后不良的疾病,羔羊发病时表现出精神沉郁、呼吸困难、全身抽搐、站立不稳,体温高达40℃,剖检整个脑部严重者有灰色坏死灶,肠系膜淋巴结肿大、肺呈弥漫性充血,似大理石样。羔羊的病死率达20％左右,造成了很大的经济损失。我们对三个羊场发病羔羊体内分离到10株可疑菌,并进行了初步鉴定。     

粪肠球菌生长曲线的测定

用分光光度仪和活菌计数两种不同的方法对粪肠球菌生长曲线进行测定,结果表明,在细菌对数生长期以前,两种方法所得结果基本一致,但在衰亡期,两种方法具有差异,活菌记数法更能如实反映细菌的生长情况.     

粪肠球菌动物致病的研究进展

粪肠球菌又称粪链球菌,能在不同环境中生长存活,对外界环境抵抗力较强,部分属于动物肠道中的正常茵群,还有部分在长期的进化中出现了毒力基因。近年来,粪肠球菌感染人和动物的报道日益增加,逐渐得到人们的广泛关注。论文综述了猪、牛、羊、禽和犬粪肠球菌的主要致病性、毒力基因及耐药性,为防制动物粪肠球菌感染提供参考。     

猪源粪肠球菌的分离、鉴定及应用

通过培养特征、形态观察、生理生化鉴定、16SrDNA序列分析和种特异性片段扩增等方法,从健康猪直肠内容物中分离到3株粪肠球菌,其中菌株NA14对常见病原微生物具有较强的拮抗能力;进一步研究表明该菌株具有较强的耐受人工胃液和耐胆汁的能力,能够耐受60℃、30min;动物试验表明饲料中添加该粪肠球菌能够降低仔猪腹泻,改善仔猪生产性能,增强猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果;因此该菌株作为动物益生菌具有好的应用前景。     

鹧鸪源性粪肠球菌的分离与鉴定

肠球菌属在1984年从链球菌属中分离出来成为独立的新菌属,现根据DNA同源性,将其列为肠球菌属,仍属链球菌科[1].肠球菌是人的肠道正常菌群, 粪肠球菌属于肠球菌一种,其异位寄生则可引起人体多个系统的感染性疾病, 肠球菌广泛分布于自然界中,是人及动物粪便以及健康上呼吸道的常在菌,其致病机理并不完全清楚,在动物医学领域,对该病原的研究很少.     

麻鸡源性粪肠球菌的分离及初步鉴定

用常规方法对病死麻鸡进行了病原菌的分离、培养及初步鉴定,利用PCR方法对细菌基因组的16S rDNA基因进行了扩增,确定其病原菌为粪肠球菌。     

某养殖场鸡源粪肠球菌分离鉴定及耐药性研究

本文从辽宁某鸡场100份肉鸡盲肠拭子中分离获得粪肠球菌24株,通过ATB细菌鉴定仪进行鉴定确认为粪肠球菌,并对这24株粪肠球菌进行了14种抗生素的药敏试验。结果显示,粪肠球菌对青霉素、万古霉素、氨苄西林和替拉考宁敏感;对红霉素、氯霉素、环丙沙星、四环素、左氧氟沙星和奎奴普汀/达福普汀耐药,耐药率均达到100.0%,养殖场抗菌药物耐药严重。     

乌鲁木齐市宠物源粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌耐药性及耐药基因检测

为了解乌鲁木齐市宠物源粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药性及其耐药基因携带情况,在乌鲁木齐市多家宠物医院、警犬基地、犬养殖基地采集宠物(犬和猫)直肠粪样449份进行粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的分离鉴定,通过琼脂稀释法测定10种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度,利用PCR方法检测11种耐药基因.结果分离鉴定出宠物源粪肠球菌和屎肠球...     

Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus faecalis from Fur-bearing Animals

In order to obtain Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals and evaluate its prebiotic properties,in this study,Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the feces of healthy adult fur-bearing animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog),identified by morphological observation,biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The growth curve,acid production capacity and antibiotic sensitivity of the Enterococcus faecalis isolates were measured to evaluate their probiotic properties.Some strains were selected to determine their tolerance to temperature,artificial gastric juice and artificial bile salt.The results showed that five strains were Gram-positive,and their biochemical characteristics were basically consistent with the standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis,and they were identified as Enterococcus faecalis by 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The five strains all entered the logarithmic phase at 2 h after culture,and entered the stable phase at 8-10 h,and had weak acid production capacity.The resistance rate of the isolates to tetracycline and levofloxacin was 100%,followed by penicillin (80%),erythromycin (80%),gentamicin (80%) and chloramphenicol (40%).All the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and vancomycin.Enterococcus faecalis from mink,fox and raccoon dog had strong tolerance to temperature below 60 ℃,artificial gastric juice with pH>3.0 and 0.3%-0.5% concentration of bile salt,but poor tolerance to temperature above 70 ℃,and artificial gastric juice with pH<3.0.In conclusion,five strains of Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog) were obtained in this study.The isolated strains propagated rapidly,which were suitable for colonization and played a prebiotic role in fur animals' intestines,and had good prebiotic characteristics and stress resistance.They could be used as candidate strains for animal microbiological agents for further study.     

浣熊源粪肠球菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析

为探究从四川某动物园1例病死浣熊肝脏中分离到的1株细菌的特性和耐药程度,本试验采用病原分离、革兰氏染色、生化鉴定、16S rRNA测序、致病性试验、药敏纸片扩散法及耐药基因扩增的方法对该分离株进行了形态学及生化鉴定、致病能力和耐药程度分析。结果显示,分离株在普通LB培养基上呈现表面光滑、圆形凸起、边缘整齐、针尖大小的半透明菌落。经革兰氏染色在油镜下观察到蓝紫色球菌,测序结果与GenBank登录号为KY003107.1粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecalis）的同源性高达99.5%,形态学与生化鉴定特性与粪肠球菌特性相符。致病性试验表明,该菌可导致肝细胞肿胀、变性,具有一定的致病能力;药敏纸片和耐药基因扩增试验表明,该菌对14种常见的抗生素头孢西丁、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、氨苄西林、卡那霉素、链霉素、奈替米星、丁胺卡那、阿奇霉素、红霉素、多西环素、四环素耐药,仅对万古霉素和庆大霉素中度敏感。四环素耐药基因tetC检测为阳性;tetM、tetA检测为阴性,氨基糖苷类耐药基因aac （6'）/aph（2″）检测为阳性,aph（3'）-Ⅲ、ant（6）-Ⅰ检测为阴性;大环内酯类耐药基因ermB检测为阳性,ermA、ermC检测为阴性;万古霉素耐药基因vanA、vanB和β-内酰胺类耐药基因TEM检测均为阴性。该试验从浣熊肝脏分离的粪肠球菌表现出多重耐药特性并具有一定的致病能力,结果可为动物园临床肠球菌感染的病例提供一定的药物选择参考,制定合理的感染防治方案。     

新疆北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的耐药性分析

为了解新疆北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的耐药性及相关耐药基因型的分布情况,本试验采用K-B（Kirby-Baller）琼脂扩散法检测了49株猪源粪肠球菌对8种抗菌药物的敏感性,并采用PCR法对9种相关耐药基因进行检测并测序,测序结果与GenBank中的相应基因序列比对。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对链霉素耐药率最高,其次为青霉素和红霉素,对呋喃妥因、氨苄西林高度敏感。PCR检测结果显示,β-内酰胺类耐药基因tem的检出率最高,为93.88%,其次是四环素类耐药基因tetM,为85.71%,喹诺酮类基因gyrA和parC检出率均为42.86%,氨基糖苷类耐药基因aph（3'）-Ⅲ、aac（6'）/aph2″和ant（6'）-Ⅰ的检出率分别为36.73%、16.33%和16.33%,未检出mefA和ermB基因。本试验从表型与基因型分析发现,北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的多重耐药现象非常严重,且其耐药表型与基因型并不完全一致。     

伪狂犬病及其对毛皮动物的影响研究进展

自2010年以来,伪狂犬病在国内外呈暴发和蔓延趋势。免疫后猪感染伪狂犬现象在欧美地区和中国多数省份都有报道,且有一定数量的死亡发生。伪狂犬病野毒感染的血清阳性率逐年上升,从2010年的7%左右上升到2014年的26%。同时中国东北、华北和山东一带还有不同程度的水貂、狐狸等毛皮动物感染发病的情况,通过血清学和分子生物学检测发现阳性带毒率高达30.6%～37.2%。另外,适应了毛皮动物的伪狂犬病病毒会引起毛皮动物迅速发病和较高的死亡率。为了更好地研究该病发生的原因并及时地制定防控措施,作者对目前伪狂犬病在国内外的流行情况、疫苗的使用种类和该病的检测方法等方面进行了综合、系统的概括,并总结了在毛皮动物上发病的特有现象,就该病如何在毛皮动物中进行有效的治疗和防控做出了具体的分析和展望。     

毛皮动物大肠杆菌对氟喹诺酮类药物及中药的耐药性研究

本试验旨在了解毛皮动物源大肠杆菌的耐药性,有效控制毛皮动物细菌病的发生.针对14株分离自毛皮动物的大肠杆菌,采用PCR方法检测氟喹诺酮类耐药基因gyrA的携带情况,并对扩增得到的gyrA基因进行克隆测序和同源性分析;进一步针对gyrA基因制备地高辛标记的核酸探针,使用斑点杂交检测大肠杆菌对氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药情况;使用牛津杯法检测了大肠杆菌分离株对复方中药的敏感性.结果显示,PCR检出gyrA基因的阳性携带率为57.1%,斑点杂交检出耐氟喹诺酮类大肠杆菌的阳性率为50.0%,对复方中药的耐药率为28.6%.结果表明,毛皮动物对氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药性非常严重,对中药表现较高的敏感性,研究结果将为临床毛皮动物大肠杆菌病的防制提供依据.     

Resistance of E.coli from Fur-bearing Animals to Fluoroquinolones and Compound Chinese Medicine

The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance to fluoroquinolones and compound Chinese medicine, and control colibacillosis in fur-bearing animals.14 E.coli strains isolated from diseased fur-bearing animals were detected by PCR for the fluoroquinolone-resistant gyrA gene,and then the PCR fragment of gyrA gene was cloned,sequenced and analyzed for homology.Afterwards,the fragment was labeled with digoxigenin as DNA probe for dot-blot hybridization detection.The resistance to compound Chinese medicine was detected by Oxford-cup tests.The results demonstrated that the positive rates of PCR and dot-blot hybridization were 57.1% and 50.0%,respectively.Only 28.6% of the E.coli strains were resistant to compound Chinese medicine.The results indicated that the resistance to fluoroquinolones in E.coli strains from fur-bearing animals was severe,however,the isolates were much more sensitive to compound Chinese medicine.The results would provide basis for control of colibacillosis of fur-bearing animals.     

Research Progress on Pseudorabies and Its Influence on Fur-bearing Animals

Pseudorabies outbreak and spread both at home and abroad since 2010.It is reported that some vaccinated swine are infected with pseudorabies virus,even a certain amount of death happened in not only China but European and American area.From about 7% in 2010 to 26% in 2014,the prevalence of field strain pseudorabies virus(PRV) rose year by year.At the same time,in the Northeast and North China including Shangdong province,fur-bearing animals as mink and fox also were attacked by this virus with a high virus carried rate reaching 30.6% to 37.2%.In addition,the PRV adapt to fur-bearing animals would cause high incidence and mortality rates.In order to study the causes of the disease and develop the prevention and control measures in time,pseudorabies epidemical situation,test method,the use of vaccine were reviewed in this paper.What's more,the endemism of the mink was expounded,and gave analysis and prospects to prevention as well as treatment of this disease on fur-bearing animals.     

北京市伴侣动物源肠球菌的抗菌药物耐受情况调查

为研究北京市伴侣动物源肠球菌对常见抗菌药物的耐受情况,于2015年5月至2016年1月以北京市某宠物医院门诊就诊犬、猫作为采样对象,采集犬、猫自然排出的粪便作为样品,共得到样本320份。采用选择性培养基进行菌株分离和VITEK-2型全自动微生物分析仪进行肠球菌的鉴定;对分离鉴定的菌株进行8类11种常见抗菌药物敏感性试验;同时进行高水平庆大霉素和高水平链霉素耐受的检测试验,对受试肠球菌的耐药性和多重耐药性进行分析。共得到菌落形态及生化特性不同的非重复的肠球菌318株,其中粪肠球菌（49.06%）和屎肠球菌（29.87%）分离率较高。受试肠球菌对高水平庆大霉素和高水平链霉素的耐药率分别为39.94%和43.40%,对四环素（78.62%）、红霉素（67.30%）和奎诺普丁-达福普汀耐药率（43.71%）较高,对替加环素全部敏感,对万古霉素和呋喃妥因非耐药率也很高（均为98.74%）。受试肠球菌对1类到7类抗菌药物有不同程度的耐药性,多重耐药现象普遍,多重耐药率高达57.23%。耐受4类抗菌药物的数量最多（n=65株）。经分析共得到44种不同的耐药谱,以耐受4类药物的红霉素-奎诺普丁-达福普汀-四环素-高水平氨基糖苷类耐药谱占比最高（45/318,14.15%）。本研究证实受试的北京市伴侣动物源肠球菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药程度较高,多重耐药情况普遍存在,应加强对其耐药性的监测工作。     

Research on Antimicrobial Resistance Characteristics of Enterococcus spp. from Companion Animals in Beijing

In order to study the tolerance of Enterococcus spp.from companion animals to common antibiotics in Beijing,320 samples were collected from dogs and cats in a pet hospital in Beijing from May 2015 to January 2016.The strains were isolated by selective culture medium and identified by VITEK-2 Compact 60.The sensitivity test of 11 kinds of common antibiotics in 8 categories was carried out for the isolated and identified strains.At the same time,the high-level gentamicin and high-level streptomycin resistance test were carried out to analyze the drug resistance and multiple drug resistance of Enterococcus.A total of 318 strains of non repetitive enterococci with different colony morphology and biochemical characteristics were obtained.The isolation rates of Enterococcus faecalis (49.06%) and Enterococcus faecium (29.87%) were higher.The resistance rates of Enterococcus to high-level gentamicin and high-level streptomycin were 39.94% and 43.40%,respectively.The resistance rates to tetracycline (78.62%),erythromycin (67.30%) and quinoproptin dapfoptin (43.71%) were very high.All of them were sensitive to tigecycline,and the non-resistant rate to vancomycin and nitrofurantoin was also high (98.74%).Enterococcus tested showed different degrees of resistance to class 1 to class 7 antibiotics,and the multidrug resistance was common,and the multidrug resistance rate was as high as 57.23%.The number of resistant antibiotics was the highest (n=65).A total of 44 different drug resistance profiles were obtained.Among them,erythromycin-quinoptin-daptoptin-tetracycline-high level aminoglycoside resistant spectrum accounted for the highest proportion (45/318,14.15%).This study confirmed that Enterococcus spp.isolated from companion animals in Beijing was highly resistant to common antibiotics,and multidrug resistance was prevalent.Therefore,it was necessary to strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance.